• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.59-69
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• 2001

Objective : The aim of this study is to assess the ability of the CPT test to dignosis radiculopathy in Korean with NeuvalTM CPT database. Method : Electrical stimulation(at 2000, 250, and 5Hz) using Neurometer was applied to the 19 patients who felt back and sciatic pain with herniated intervertevral disc(HIVD) of L-spine, dignosisd by lumbar CT or MRI, and the 33 patients who felt only back or hip or leg pain without HIVD, stenosis, spondylolisthesis which causing radiculopathy. The test sites were toe1, toe3 and toe5 related to L4, L5 and S1 nerve roots. Results : The mean values of the CPT of HIVD group was stiatically lower than LBP group at toe1-250Hz, toe3-2000Hz, 250Hz and toe5-250Hz, 5Hz. The grading CPT score of HIVD group was stastically higher than LBP group at the toe3(L5). The VAS of HIVD group was stastically higher than LBP group. Conclusion : These results suggest that the CPT test can be a valuable testing for diagnosing radiculopathy in Korean. In using CPT test further study is needed for the diagnosis and evaluation of sensory nerve dysfunction in the musculoskeletal disease.

• 한국철학논집
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• 제56호
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• pp.209-238
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• 2018

본고는 퇴계의 "언행록"에 나타난 사제관계를 통해 퇴계가 추구했던 교육방법 또는 학습법의 특징을 살펴보고, 그 현대 교육적 의미를 탐색한 것이다. 퇴계는 다양한 저술과 제자 교육을 통해 전통 유학 교육에 충실하게 임했다. 특히, 심득(心得)과 궁행(躬行)으로 제자들을 일깨웠는데, 그것은 전통 유학의 교육방식에 기초하였다. 이런 점에서 퇴계는 유학의 교육관과 교육 방식에 따라 스승으로서의 직분에 성실하려고 노력한 것으로 판단된다. 유학에서 스승은 단순한 지식 전수자이기보다는 인간의 전체적 삶의 문제를 고민한 전인적 교사였다. 때문에 스승은 옛것과 새것의 계승과 창조의 측면을 적절히 조화하려는 온고지신(溫故知新)의 자세와 끊임없이 배우며 가르침에 최선을 다하려는 교육자로서의 태도를 견지했다. 퇴계도 제자마다 개인에 대한 가르침에 성실하게 응대하여 학문의 과정에서 공경과 신뢰를 확보했고, 제자들 또한 그런 학문적 인격에 감화받고 스승의 학맥을 이어나갔다. 그것은 현대적 의미의 교육방법이나 학습법의 측면에서 이해하면 인지학습과 성인학습의 측면에서 대비할 수 있다. 퇴계의 사제관계에 드러난 교육방법이나 학습법은 인지학습의 측면에서는 잠재학습과 통찰학습, 그리고 모방학습과 상통하고, 성인학습의 측면에서는 경험학습과 자기주도학습, 그리고 의사소통학습의 측면으로 이해할 수 있다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2009

Lmbr1 is regarded as a key gene that controls the digital model formation in early developmental stages of the chicken. However, there are few reports of lmbr1 expression levels and tendencies in 4-toe and 5-toe chicken species. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare the lmbr1 expression in White Leghorn (4-toe) and Chinese Silky (5-toe). Firstly, total RNA was extracted from 14 different embryonic development stages (HH3 to HH31) in White Leghorn and Chinese Silky. Secondly, dramatic gene expression changes of lmbr1 were monitored by RT-PCR, which indicated a general up-down-up tendency with subtle differences between these two species. Moreover, Q-PCR reactions were performed to quantitate the expression level of lmbr1 in the 14 selected developmental stages. These data demonstrated a first lmbr1 expression peak of 18.68 and 15.32, a lmbr1 expression trough of 6.61 and 1.80, and a second lmbr1 expression peak of 22.33 and 12.48 in White Leghorn and Chinese Silky, respectively. Finally, embryonic in situ hybridization analysis identified that lmbr1 expressed in the ectoderm in HH21, HH23 and HH24 developmental stages in both species.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.815-827
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• 2015

This study analyzes the characteristics by age and type for middle aged and elderly women foot shapes aged 40-69 years. ANOVA, factor, and cluster analyzed middle aged and elderly women's foot shapes. The results of the study are as follows. First, higher age groups tended to have smaller foot lengths, ball/instep circumferences, circumferences, and ball heights with larger heel height values and higher degrees of gathering of toe 1 and toe 5 toward the feet reference axis. Second, foot lengths were 220 mm-240 mm and the ball circumference's size symbol in high frequency sections were distributed from E to EEEE in the 40s and 60s groups and from D to EEEE in the 50s group. Third, eight factors were extracted through the factor analyses of middle aged and elderly women's foot measurement items. Fourth, a cluster analyses classified the subjects into four types. Type 1 is a normal foot type with medium foot length and small ball circumference and type 2 is a long and flat foot type with a type with large foot length and ball circumference values as well as small ball height values. Type 3 is a thick foot type with a medium foot length, large ball circumference, large ball height and type 4 is a toe deformation foot type with medium foot length, small ball circumference, and a high degree of toe gathering toward the center.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전력기술부문A
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• 제48권12호
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• pp.1575-1579
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• 1999

Embedded processors often accommodate two instruction sets, a standard instruction set and a compressed instruction set. With the compressed instruction set, code size can be reduced while instruction count (and consequently execution time) can be increased. To achieve code size reduction without significant increase of execution time, this paper proposes a new compressed instruction set architecture, called TOE (Two Operations Execution). The proposed instruction set format includes the parallel bit that indicates an instruction can be executed simultaneously with the next instruction. To add the parallel bit, TOE instruction format reduces the destination register field. The reduction of the register field limits the number of registers that are accessible by an instruction. To overcome the limited accessibility of registers, TOE adapts non-homogeneous register partition in which registers are divided into multiple subsets, each of which are accessed by different groups of instructions. With non-homogeneous registers, each instruction can access only a limited number of registers, but an entire program can access all available registers. With efficient non-homogeneous register allocator, all registers can be used in a balanced manner. As a result, the increase of code size due to register spills is negligible. Experimental results show that more than 30% of TOE instructions can be executed in parallel without significant increase of code size when compared to existing Thumb instruction set.

• 한국해양공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양공학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.144-149
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• 2001

The failure at the head section of rubble-mound detached breakwaters is more important than other failure modes. because this initial failures will occur the failure of the trunk section and lead to the instability of the structure. The three-dimensional failure modes are discussed using the experimental data with multi-directional waves considering the failure modes occurring around the head of the rubble-mound detached breakwater. The spacial characteristics of failure mode around the rubble-mound structures can be summarized as follows: 1) It was clarified that the failure modes at the round head of a detached breakwater are classified as failure by plunging breaker on the slope, failure by direct incident wave force and failure by scouring at the toe of the detached breakwater. 2) The failure mode was found in the lower wave height than the design wave by the breaker depth effects. It is clarified that the structure monitored was safely designed for the design wave but the failure was occurred by the reason of breaker waves and scouring processes at the toe 3) It was observed that scouring at the toe developed in the region where steady stream due to vorticity was generated and the spatial variation of scour at the toe of the round head was predominated by incident wave direction.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.77-83
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• 2003

본 연구는 발가락 벌림 보조기(toe spreader)가 긴장성 발가락 굽힘 반사(Tonic Toe Flexion Reflex: TTFR)가 있는 양하지 뇌성마비 아동의 보행에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 12명의 TTFR이 있는 양하지 뇌성마비 아동을 대상으로 같은 날에 맨발과 발가락 벌림 보조기를 착용한 상태에서 보행분석을 실시하였다. 시간 거리 보행변수로 활보장(step length), 보장(step length), 보폭(step width), 발가락 외전각도(toe out angle), 활보시간(stride), 입각기(stance phase), 유각기(swing phase), 분속수(cadence), 보행속도(speed)를 측정하였다. 발가락 벌림 보조기 착용 시 시간 거리 보행변수는 통계적으로는 유의한 차이가 없었다(p>.05). 양하지 뇌성마비 아동에서 TTFR을 억제하기 위한 발가락 벌림 보조기의 즉시적인 효과는 유의하지 않다고 볼 수 있으며, 추후연구로 장기간 일상생활에서의 지속적인 착용을 통한 연구가 필요하다고 본다.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.319-326
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• 2013

The objective of this study is to help golfers to select adequate putters and to provide golfers basic scientific data for improving athletic performance by showing differences of kinematic variables according to the shape of putter head. In this research three right-handed male pro-golfer who are listed at KPGA were studied and three video camera (GR-HD1KR, JVC, Japan) were used and recording speed was 60 frame/sec during the research. In this study kinematic variables were calculated using Kwon3D XP program and analysed on the 4 events and 3 phases. This study showed the following results : (1) The swing of heel-toe putter showed longer time than that of face balanced putter, and there are statistical significant difference of kinematic variables of each objective (2) As of the trajectory of putter head, heel-toe putter showed more approximating curve trajectory than that of in-between, face balanced putter on the X-axis (3) heel-toe putter showed longer distance follow-through than that of other putters by statistically significant difference on the Y-axis (4) Heel-toe putter showed longer distance swing trajectory over the ground than that of other putters by statistically significant difference on the Z-axis.

• 한국게임학회 논문지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.39-48
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• 2014

바둑은 단순한 규칙에도 불구하고 매우 복잡한 전략보드 게임이다. 몬테카를로 트리탐색을 이용하여 컴퓨터 바둑 프로그램들이 접바둑으로 프로기사를 제압해 왔다. 몬테카를로 트리탐색은 전략의 개념보다는 몬테카를로 시뮬레이션에 의해 계산된 승률에 근간을 한다. 반면에 적절한 적합도 함수로 된 유전 알고리즘은 게임 내 최적 해를 찾아낼 수 있다. 삼목 게임(또는 ${\bigcirc}{\times}$게임)은 가장 대중적인 게임 중의 하나이다. 저자는 삼목 게임에서의 최선의 전략을 찾고자 했다. 실험 결과로 유전 알고리즘은 효율적인 전략들을 찾을 수가 있으며, 바둑과 서양장기와 같은 여타 보드게임들에 적용할 수 있음을 보였다.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제17권3_4호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine changes of postural sway between the normal group and treatment group of same people through COP movements. Methods: Fifty men with no history of sensory, neurological and orthopedic disorders were participated in this study. Participants were tested on single limb balance during 30 seconds on EMED system with bared foot. Each of them performed two methods and 5 trials totally each method: (1) non-treated group (2) treated group(with big toe flexion limitation). Data on the moving length, average velocity, instantaneous maximum velocity, mediolateral(x axis) maximum velocity, and anteroposterior(y axis) maximum velocity of COP were measured in single limb standing position. Results: The moving length and average velocity of COP were significant difference between normal and treatment group(p<0.05). On correlation of parameters, the faster average velocity of COP, the higher moving length, instantaneous maximum velocity, mediolateral maximum velocity, and anteroposterior maximum velocity of COP increase. The more Instantaneous maximum velocity of COP, the faster is anteroposterior maximum velocity of COP. Conclusions: Limitation of big toe flexors function affected single limb balance of the normal.