• Title/Summary/Keyword: Tobacco quality

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Effects of Plowing Depth and Heavier Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Burley Tobacco (버어리종 담배의 수량과 품질에 미치는 심경다비의 영향에 관한 연구)

  • 유점호;김대송;한철수;이규상
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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    • v.1 no.2
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    • pp.111-119
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    • 1979
  • This experiment was carried out determine the effect of plowing depth and heavy fertilization on the yield and quality of Burley tobacco. In the experiment, three plowing depth (10, 20, 30cm) and three levels of compound fertilizer (138, 166, 193kg/10a) were employed with split plot design for three years (1976-1978). Yield and quality were increased with deeper plowing and heavier fertilization. Yield was increased by 5% at the plowing depth of 30cm and 13% at the fertilizing level, 193kg/10a. The value per kg was increased by 2% plowing depth of 30cm and at the fertilization of 193kg/10a, respectively.

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The Effects of the Curing Methods on the Stalk Curing Period in Burley Tobacco (버어리종 건조방법이 대말림기간에 미치는 영향)

  • 배성국;한철수
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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    • v.16 no.2
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    • pp.139-143
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    • 1994
  • This study was carried out to control the stalk curing period in Burley Tobacco, for its period was longer than 40 days. The 5 methods were treated to shorten the stalk curing period. The curing period was shortened for 1~3 days by the harvesting methods and the amount of predehydration, but it was shortened for 8 days by the hanging methods(sloping and horizontal curing)and the hanging density(90 plants/3.3m2) without the decrease of quality. In the ventilating condition of the curing house, the curing period could be controlled for 5 dyes with the quality like the conventional cured leaves by closing the curing house from the late curing stage. But when the curing house was not ventilated earlier, however the curing period was shortened but its quality was decreased.

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EFFECTS OF FIELD PRODUCTIVITY, VARIETY AND NITROGEN RATE ON THE YIELD, QUALITY AND PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BURLEY TOBACCO (버어리종 잎담배의 수량, 품질 및 이화학성에 미치는 포지비옥도, 품종 및 질소시용량의 영향)

  • Kim, Sang-Beom;Kim, Yong-Kyoo;Han, Chul-Soo
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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    • v.12 no.2
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    • pp.91-101
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    • 1990
  • A field experiment was conducted to find out the effects of field productivity, variety and nitrogen rate on the yield, quality, chemical constituents and physical properties of burley cured leaf in three field with different productivity(Degree of field productivity: A ; high, B ; medium, C : low) during successive two years(1988~89). The yield and quality were remarkably lowered when nitrogen fertilizer being applied much in low productive field. As compared with Burley 21, KB101 showed high yield, particularly the yield of KB101 in low productive field was relatively high. The effect of nitrogen rate on the yield was somewhat different according to field productivity and production year. When the nitrogen fertilizer being applied above 22.5kg/10a, the added nitrogen had no effect on the yield. Total nitrogen content of cured leaf grown in low productive field was high while total alkaloid was low, therefore total alkaloid/total nitrogen ratio was remarkably low. The lightness, red and yellow color of cured leaf grown in low productive field was remarkably low. As compared with Burley 21, the contents of total alkaloid and total nitrogen and shatter resistance index of cured leaf was somewhat low, while the filling power, lightness, red and yellow color were slightly high. Total nitrogen content of cured leaf was increased remarkably by nitrogen addition, but total alkaloid was not increased though the nitrogen fertilizer being applied above 22.5kg/10a. The filling power and shatter resistance index of cured leaf grown in high nitrogen plot, and the lightness and yellow color were low while the red color was relatively high. It comes into question that the visual quality being increased as well as increment of yield and nitrogenous compounds by nitrogen addition in high productive field. In low productive field, it is considerable that nitrogen addition for high yield should be prohibited because it causes the decrement of yield and quality, on the contrary.

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Effects of Curing Methods on the Quality of Cured Leaves in Burley Tobacco (N. tabacum L.) (버어리종 건조방법이 건엽의 품질에 미치는 영향)

  • 배성국;조천준;임해건;김요태
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.26-32
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    • 1998
  • This study was conducted to obtain the basic information on the burley tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) curing methods. The effects of the three kinds of curing methods on the dry weight losses during curing, chemical contents and physical properties of cured leaves, and organoleptic and smoking qualities were observed. The dry weight losses during curing was the highest in the stalk curing, and the lowest in the conventional priming. The longer the curing periods was, the more the loss of dry weight. The percent of the excessive dried leaves was high and the price per kilogram was low in the conventional priming. The chemical contents and the physical properties of the cured leaves in the conventional priming were similar to those of yellowing or browning stage of curing. But, the chemical contents and the physical properties of the cured leaves in the stalk curing were comparable to those of the air curing. The smoking quality was the best in the stalk curing.

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Growth and Chemical Properties of Oriental Tobacco as affected by Transplanting Time (오리엔트종 연초의 생육 및 화학특성에 미치는 이식시기의 영향)

  • Ryu, Myong-Hyun;Jung, Hyung-Jin;Lee, Un-Chul
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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    • v.10 no.2
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    • pp.109-116
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    • 1988
  • Oriental tobacco (KA 101) was transplanted from Mar. 25 to May 5 with 10 days interval in 1984 and 1985, and its agronomic characteristics, chemical properties ware compared to determine the Proper transplanting time of aromatic tobacco In Korea. As the transplanting was delayed, days to flowering of plant was shortened, length and width of largest leaf, leaf area index tended to decrease. Yield was highest for the Apr. 5th transplanting followed by Mar. 25th planting, then decreased as the planting date was delayed. Quality by price decreased as the transplanting was delayed later than Apr. 25. Delaying transplanting increased nicotine, total nitrogen and ash content, but decreased reducing sugar and petroleum ether extract of cured leaves, The content of volatile organic acids such as 3-methyl pentanoic acid was lower when it was transplanted later than Apr. 25th. Neophytadiene content increased as the transplanting was delayed, but there were no trends with the content of alcohols, aldehydes esters and ketones. Several quality indices including the ratio between the content of volatile organic acids plus petroleum ether extract and ash content plus pH was higher for the Apr. 5th transplanting.

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Manufacture of Sheet Tobacco Using Orient Scraps (오리엔트 잎담배 부산물(scraps)을 이용한 판상엽 제조)

  • 김용옥;김기환;김천석;박영수;이태호
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.51-56
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    • 1997
  • This experiment was conducted to reduce the cost of orient leaf using izmir, samsun and basma scraps in cigarettes manufacturing process. We manufactured rolled and paper sheet tobacco using orient scraps and substituted orient leaf in Pine tree to the rolled and paper sheet tobacco using orient scraps. Orient scraps were lower in total sugar, total sugar/nicotine and total nitrogen/nicotine, higher in nicotine and crude ash than those of orient leaves. Izmir and basma scraps were higher of 2-methyl butanoic, 3-methyl butanoic and 3-methyl pentanoic acid, but the chemical contents in samw scraps were lower than those of orient leaves. The specific gravity thickness, flness index, filling value were similar between orient scraps blended sheet tobacco and present sheet tobacco. The physical characteristics of orient scraps blended sheet tobacco were within Present sheet tobacco quality specification. The sheet tobacco using orient scraps was higher 2-metal butanoic, 3-methyl butanoic and 3-methyl pentanoic acid than those of present sheet tobacco. The rolled processed sheet tobacco using orient scraps was higher 2-methyl butanoic, 3-methyl butanoic and 3-methyl Pentanoic acid than those of paper sheet tobacco using orient scraps. The sample cigarettes using orient scraps sheet tobacco were lower 2-methyl butanoic, 3-mettwl butanoic and 3-mettwl Pentanoic acid than those of control cigarettes. The result of sensory test showed no great difference compared with sample of orient scraps and control cigarettes. This result shows that we can possible to substitute orient leaf to orient scraps to reduce the cost of orient leaf.

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A Comprehensive Study on the Forced Aging of Flue-cured Tobacco-Leaves (황색종 잎담배의 발효숙성 촉진에 관한 종합적 연구)

  • Bae, H.W.
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.1-27
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    • 1970
  • The process of the forced aging of flue-cured tobacco leaves were studied extensively from various scientific points of view. The Flue-cured tobacco leaves were inoculated and fermented with nicotine resistant Hansenula yeast, or the leaves were subjected under simple forced aging. The above two processes of forced aging were studied from the summarized points of microbiology, physics, chemistry, and biochemistry, and the resulted products ware compared in their physical, chemical and biochemical quality determining factors with that of raw material tobacco leaves (dried-tobacco leaves) and 2 years aged high quality tobacco leaves. The summary results were as follows. 1) The Korean flue-cured tobacco leaves, were forcedly aged under the basic optimum aging condition, temperature $40^{\circ}C$, moisture contents 18%, relative humidity 74%. It was found that this aging condition was the best in bringing the quality of forcedly aged tobacco leaves to the utmost state. 2) Under this optimum temperature and moisture condition of forced aging in about 20 days the forcedly aged tobacco leaves both with yeast inoculation and without yeast inoculation showed the equivalent tobacco qualities comparable with that of more than 2 years aged tobacco leaves. 3) The forcedly aged tobacco leaves both with and without yeast inoculation under $40^{\circ}C$ temperature and $74^{\circ}C$ relative humidity achieved the necessary quality determining physical and chemical changes in about 20 days. 4) The microbial changes during the forced aging were as follows. The population of yeasts and bacteria increased until to 15 days of aging, then decreased thereafter. Whereas the molds grew continously until the end of fermentation. 5) The tobacco quality determing physico-chemico-properties of yeast inoculated aged and simple forcedly aged tobacco leaves, progressed as the follows in time. As the forced aging progresses, swelling and combustibility properties were improved. The pH, total reducing materials, total sugars, alkaloids contents decreased. The contents of organic and ether extractable materials increased. The total nitrogen, protein, crude fiber, ash contents showed no changes. The color properties, excitation purity, luminance, main wave length, showed equivalent changes comparable with that of 2 years aged tobacco leaves. 6) The changes in chemical components in yeast treated and simple forcedly aged tobacco leaves during $15{\sim}20{\;}days$ of forced aging were as follows. The following chemical components decreased as the aging. Sugars-sucrose. rhamnose, glucose. Pigments-chlorophyll, carotenes, xanthophyll and violax anthine. Polyphenols-rutin, chlorogenic and, coffeic acid. Organic acids-iso-butylic, crotonic, caprylic, galacturonic, tartaric, succinic, citric acid. Alkaloids-nicotine, nornicotine. The following components increased as the forced aging progressed. Sugars-frutose, maltose, raffinose. Amino acids-proline, cystine. Organic acids-formic, acetic, propionic, n-butyric, iso-valeric, n-valeric, malic, oxalic, malonic, ${\alpha}-ketoglutaric$, fumaric, glutaric acid. 7) During the forced aging of tobacco Leaves the oxygen-uptake decreased gradually. The enzyme activities of polyphenol oxidase, ${\beta}-amylase$ ${\alpha}-amylase$ decreased gradually. The activities of the enzymes, catalase, and invertase increased once then decreased at the later stage.

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Studios on the Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) Resistance in Tobacco Introduction ( Nicotiana tabacum L.) (Tobacco Introduction(T.I.)의 담배 모자이크 바이러스(TMV) 저항성에 관한 연구)

  • 정윤화;이승철;황주광
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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    • v.2 no.2
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    • pp.51-57
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    • 1980
  • Thirty-one Tobacco Introduction (Nicotiana tabacum L.) lines from Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, were assayed for their resistance to tobacco mosaic virus. The T.1.'s were grouped into two classes according to symptoms - symptomless and local lesion. Tobacco Introductions in the symptomless group yielded better than the local lesion group but the leaf quality was lower. The chemical composition of cured leaves was similar in both groups. Considering various agronomic characters, T.I. 1504 in the local lesion group is recommended as a new source for the breeding of TMV resistance.

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THE COMPARISONS OF VOLATILE OILS OF FLUE-CURED TOBACCO PRODUCED IN KOREA AND IN THE UNITED STATES (한미산 황색종 잎담배의 휘발성 정유성분 비교연구)

  • 장기운
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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    • v.7 no.2
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    • pp.151-167
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    • 1985
  • Generally, the same quality tobacco may give similar concentration of each chemical component. This research investigation was studied to obtain the differences in concentrations of volatile oil compounds in physically similar tobacco produced in different environment and managements-in Korea and in the United States. The flue-cured leaf tobacco produced in Korea and America was regraded to B3L and P3L by American grading system and analyzed for volatile oils relating to tobacco flavor and aroma. Sixty compounds of the more than 100 peaks distinguishable on the total neutral volatile oils were identified by G5-MS and quantified. Their concentrations are compared between B3 L and P3L produced in Korea and in the United States. The most volatile oil concentrations of B3 L and P3L grade tobacco arc higher in American than in Korean. Only a few components such as benzaldehyde, pulegonc, 4, 6, 9 - megastigmatriene - 3 - one, and coumaran are less in American.

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