• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.19 no.2 s.43
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• pp.67-72
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• 1980

A mosaic virus disease of ginger plant was investigated to determine its virus group on the basis of host range, physical and chemical properties, serological behavior and electron-microscopic morphology. The disease gave rise to yellowsih and dark-green mosaic on the leaves in the early stage and stunted all the leaves as well as rhizomes in the late stage. In the field about 43\% of the plants were observed to be diseased The disease was able to be artificially infected to the ginger plants by the sap and transmission as well as to 23 other species of plants which were known to be the CMV susceptible plants by the sap transmission; Chenopodium amaranticolar, Nicotiana tabaccum var. Havana, cow pea, cucumber, tomato,... etc. The dilution end point of the virus ranged $10^{-4}-10^{-5}$ and the thermal inactivation point $65-70^{\circ}C$. Serological test showed a positive reaction by a CMV antiserum. An electron microscopy of the purified virus showed that the virus particles were spherical with a diameter of $28-32m\mu$. Virus particles from the infected tissue were observed to be free or aggregated in the mesophyll tissue of artificially infected tobacco plant. The mosaic disease of ginger plants were conclusively suggested to the CMV group.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.371-375
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• 1998

Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) cultivars including NC 82 and KF 114, and Datura stramonium, Physalis floridana, Gomphrena globosa, and Chenopodium spp. were added to the previous host plants tested for the further examination on the biological characteristics of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) strains isolated from tobacco (TMV-Common), tomato (TMV-Tomato), and pepper (TMV-Pepper), In TMV-Tomato and TMV-Pepper, different symptoms were noted in P. floridana (no symptom development), and NC 82 (local lesion production on the inoculated leaves) from TMV-Common with which systemic mosaic symptoms were developed. Local lesions were developed in KF 114, D. stramonium, G. globosa, and Chenopodium spp by TMV-Common and TVM-Tomato, while no symptom was observed in KF114 and G. globosa. Also the number and size of local lesions were smaller in KF 114 than Xanthi-nc tobacco (local lesion host) infected with TMV-Tomato. Systemic necrosis was induced in Xanthi-nc and KF 114 when infected with TMV-C at high temperature, but not with the other strains.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.23-26
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• 1998

The efficacy of various concentration of divalent copper and zinc ions was evaluated separately for the infectivity of tobacco mosaic virus. Infectivity of TMV was more enhanced by addition of zinc, while it was decreased by addition of copper. The number of local lesions were more produced on tobacco leaves inoculated with inoculum sap containing zinc than those inoculated with sap only. The effect of copper inhibited the infectivity of TMV is dependent on copper concentration. TMV particles treated with various concentration of zinc and copper, respectively, analyzed by electrophoresis, and appeared to be altered in electrophoretic behavior. When TMV was exposed to zinc concentration at more than 200mM, the viral particles were completely degraded, and at 40-20 mM they were barely detectable, but at 2 mM they were quite stable. When TMV was exposed at less than concentration of 20 mM of copper were degraded.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.355-360
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• 1996

In vitro-tested ribozyme against synthesized cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) RNA (Agric. Chem. & Biotech. 37:56-63(1994)) was expressed in tobacco plant to develop virus resistant plants. The ribozyme sequence was linked to cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter and nopaline synthase(nos) terminator and this chimeric 35S-ribozyme-nos gene was sequenced. The sequenced chimeric gene was transferred to Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404 using tri-parental mating system. The E. coli HB101 containing chimeric gene was incubated with E. coli HB101(pRK2073) as a helper and Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404. Then Agrobacterium cells containing the ribozyme construct was cocultivated with tobacco leaf pieces. Ten different plants were regenerated from kanamycin containing MS medium. The presence of the ribozyme construct in the transgenic tobacco plants was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Seven different transgenic plants in ten different kanamycin resistant plants showed the expected size (570 base pairs) of 35S-ribozyme-nos gene fragment. Total RNAs were isolated from four different transgenic plants and separated on a 1% agarose gel containing formamide. Northern hybridization with 35S-ribozyme-nos gene fragment as a probe indicated that ribozyme transcripts may be degraded tv nuclease. Therefore, nuclease-resistant ribozymes are needed for the development of virus-resistant transgenic plants using ribozymes.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.328-339
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• 2010

A tobamovirus, Ribgrass mosaic virus (RMV), was identified newly from chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. pekinensis) in Korea. Virus disease incidence of RMV on chinese cabbage was 37.9% in alpine area on August in 1993. RMV induced the symptoms of necrotic ring spots, necrotic streak on midrib and malformation. RMV, Ca1 and Ca3 isolate, could infect 35 species out of 45 plants including Chenopodium amaranticolor. Physical properties of RMV Ca1 isolate were very stable as 10.8 over for dilution end point, $95^{\circ}C$ for temperature inactivation point and 18 weeks for longevity in vitro. RMV had the soil transmission rate of 75.0% for the chinese cabbages, 'Chunhawang' and 'Seoul' cultivars. The purified virions of RMV had the typical ultraviolet absorption spectrum of maximum at 260 nm and minimum at 247 nm. RMV of Ca1 isolate was related serologically with antisera of Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)-Cym, TMV-O and Pepper mottle virus, but not related with antiserum of Odontoglossum ring spot virus. coat protein gene of RMV-Ca1, sized 473 nucleotides, encoded 158 amino acid residues. Nucleotide identity of RMV-Ca1 CP gene was 96.4% with RMV-Shanghai (GenBank accession No. of AF185272) from China and 96.0% with RMV-Impatiens (GenBank accession No. of AM040974) from Germany. Identity of amino acids between RMV-Ca1 and the two RMV isolates was 96.8%. Specific three primers were selected for rapid and easy genetic detection of RMV using Virion Captured (VC)/RT-PCR method.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.83-91
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• 1997

The vein-necrosis strain or potato virus Y (PVY-Vff) and black shank (Phytophlhora parasitica roar. nicotianae) causes severe damage on burley tobacco(Wicotiana tabacum L.) in Korea, A new burley tobacco resistance to PVY and black shank, KB 110, was developed by Korea Ginseng and Tobacco Research Institute. It was developed from the cross of Burley 21 with TC 591 in 1990, and was backrossed to Burley 21 in the following season. TC 591 has resistance to PVY and moderate resistance to race 0 of black shank, but it is susceptible to tobacco mosaic vim (TMV). KB 110 was evaluated for its resistance to PVY, TMV and black shank in the greenhouse and at fields for preliminary and performance trials. KB 110 which has secreting glandular trichomes was resistant to PVY-VN, TW and black shank. It had an erect growth habit and two more leaves per plant than that of Burley 21, and matures two to three days later. It yielded approximately 3 percent more cured leaf than the standard cultivar Burley 21, but other plant characteristics were very similar to those of Burley 21. It had acceptable standards for chemical and physical characteristics of lured leaf on regional farm test in 1995-1997. KB 110 produced average yields of good quality tobaccos and was appeared to be resistant to PVY inwhere occurrence of the virus are severe chronic at burley growing area.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.230-237
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate the occurrence and characterization of tobacco mosaic virus(TMV) in Chinese foxglove isolated from the field of the Chonbuk province(Jinan, Jangsu, Jeongeup). TMV was detected in all three regions and confirmed positive reaction by ELISA test. In the host range test, Chenopodium amaranticola, Nicotiana glutinosa, N. tabacum cv. 'Bright yellow', N. tabacum cv. 'KY­57, Datura stramonium were locally infected with the virus. The virus produced mosaic symptom on inoculated leaves of N. tabacum cv. 'Samson'. However, Chenopodium quinoa, Glycine max, Raphanus sativus, Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita moschata, Brassica rape and Lycopersion esculentum did not show any symptoms. TMV particles were revealed as a stiff rod shape by transmission electron microscopic(TEM) and measured as 300 nm in length with 18 nm in diameter. Total RNA was extracted from showing symptom loaves infected with TMV and the reverse transcription­polymerase chain reaction (RT­PCR) obtained 531 bp DNA product of RNA with specific primer used. The capsid protein of TMV­RE showed higher amino acid sequence homology(97.7％) with TMV­To than with TMV­P(72.2％). The capsid protein of TMV­152 showed same amino acid sequence homology with TMV­F. The result of comparison of nucleotides sequence homology between TMV­RE strain and other TMV strain showed 94％ homology with others except TMV­P(67.3％) and TMV ­ C(68.6％).

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.281-287
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• 2013

In Korea, isolated cultivation has been implemented for 102 genera, including about 250 species, each of which has underwent microscopic inspection, cultivation of bacteria in selective medium, analysis of physiology and biochemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The number of isolated microorganisms was 8,307 in the period of 2005-2012, and bulbs and tubers had the greatest diversity of microorganisms, of 5,165 (62.2%), followed by 2,119 (25.0%) sapling, 796 (9.6%) seed, 150 (1.8%) cutting slip, 70 (0.8%) branch graft and 7 (0.1%). The number of cases which were disqualified were 413 (4.97%), after the detection of 47 disease causing species of microorganism. Viruses predominated, with 27 species, followed by 16 fungi, a viroid, a Chromalveolata and 2 further species. Top on the list of detection was Arabis mosaic virus (77 cases), followed by Tobacco rattle virus (70 cases), Lily symptomless virus (46 cases) and Penicillium expansum (46 cases).

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.197-201
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• 2012

Potyviruses express their RNA genomes through the production of polyproteins that are processed in host cells by three virus-encoded proteases. Soybean plants produce large amounts of protease inhibitors during seed development and in response to wounding that could affect the activities of these proteases. The in vitro activities of two of the proteases of Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) and Tobacco vein mottling virus (TVMV) were compared in the rabbit reticulocyte lysate in vitro translation system using synthetic RNA transcripts. Transcripts produced from SMV and TVMV cDNAs that included the P1 and helper component-protease (HC-Pro) coding regions directed synthesis of protein products that were only partially processed. Unprocessed poly-proteins were not detected from transcripts that included all of the P1, HC-Pro, P3 and portions of the cylindrical inclusion protein coding regions of either virus. Addition of soybean trypsin inhibitor to in vitro translation reactions increased the accumulation of the unprocessed polyprotein from TVMV transcripts, but did not alter the patterns of proteins produced from SMV. These experiments suggest that SMV-and TVMV-encoded proteases are differentially sensitive to protease inhibitors.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.67-73
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• 2008

The potential of the exopolysaccharide (EPS) from a Serratia sp. strain Gsm01 as an antiviral agent against a yellow strain of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV-Y) was evaluated in tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi-nc). The spray treatment of plants using an EPS preparation, 72h before CMV-Y inoculation, protected them against symptom appearance. Fifteen days after challenge inoculation with CMV-Y, 33.33% of plants showed mosaic symptoms in EPS-treated plants compared with 100% in the control plants. The EPS-treated plants, which showed mosaic symptoms, appeared three days later than the controls. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses of the leaves of the protected plants revealed that the EPS treatment affected virus accumulation in those plants. Analysis of phenylalanine ammonia lyase, peroxidase, and phenols in protected plants revealed enhanced accumulation of these substances. The pathogenesis-related (PR) genes expression represented by PR-lb was increased in EPS-treated plants. This is the first report of a systemic induction of protection triggered by EPS produced by Serratia sp. against CMV-Y.