• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.589-595
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• 2006

Vitamin U (5-methylmethionine) levels of Chinese cabbages at $4^{\circ}C$ were investigated to establish its physiological characteristics and also amino acids and sugars levels to find out their relationship with vitamin U were determined The levels of vitamin U showed different from parts of Chinese cabbages. The highest value was shown in outward leaf in Wineter Pride (12.70 mg/100 g fresh wt.) and core leaf in 55 Days cultivars (18.60 mg/100 g fresh wt.). leaf pare were 1.7-9.0 times higher in vitamin U levels than those in midribs in both cultivars. levels of vitamin U in stored Chinese cabbages increased with storage time. Moreover, two cultivars used far this experiment showed different pattern during storage. In Winter Pride, vitamin U levels sharply increased in leaf and midrib of cote part during storage. This value reached about 2.5 times for leaf and 4 times for midrib compared to the levels of initial storage time in core part In 55 Days cultivars, outward leaf showed an increased level of vitamin U of 1.8 times compared to that of 1 month storage time. Methionine known as a precursor of vitamin U synthesis did not showed clear relationship with vitamin U levels. Methionine was either not detected or at negligibly low levels in Chinese cabbages during storage. Methionine may not play a role in an increase of vitamin U during storage of Chinese cabbages at $4^{\circ}C$. No clear relationship of free amino acids and soluble sugars for vitamin U accumulation during storage of Chinese cabbages was shown in this study.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.4056-4066
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• 2015

For understanding of terminology related to u-Health and activating u-Health industry, it is required to develop u-Health standard terminology for communication. The purpose of this study is to develop u-Health standard terminology and provides guidelines for terminology standardization in order to develop the u-Health standard terminology. We finally developed the 187 u-Health standard terminology through the process of data acquisition, term extraction, term refinement, term selection and term management based on reports, glossary and Telecommunications Technology Association (TTA) standards about u-Health. As a result, the standard terminology and guidelines of u-Health optimized to the domestic environment were suggested. They included details of definition, classification, components, the methods and principles of the process for u-Health standard terminology. Presented in this study, u-Health standard terminology and guidelines for terminology standardization would assist the cost-reducing of employing terminology and management of it, while making information transfer easy. This would make possible promoting efficient development of u-Health industry in general.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.45-52
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• 2021

In this paper, we proposed an Atrous Residual U-Net (AR-UNet) to improve the segmentation accuracy of semantic segmentation method based on U-Net. The U-Net is mainly used in fields such as medical image analysis, autonomous vehicles, and remote sensing images. The conventional U-Net lacks extracted features due to the small number of convolution layers in the encoder part. The extracted features are essential for classifying object categories, and if they are insufficient, it causes a problem of lowering the segmentation accuracy. Therefore, to improve this problem, we proposed the AR-UNet using residual learning and ASPP in the encoder. Residual learning improves feature extraction ability and is effective in preventing feature loss and vanishing gradient problems caused by continuous convolutions. In addition, ASPP enables additional feature extraction without reducing the resolution of the feature map. Experiments verified the effectiveness of the AR-UNet with Cityscapes dataset. The experimental results showed that the AR-UNet showed improved segmentation results compared to the conventional U-Net. In this way, AR-UNet can contribute to the advancement of many applications where accuracy is important.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.840-847
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• 2022

In a deep neural network (DNN)-based speech enhancement, using global and local input speech information is closely related to model performance. Recently, a nested U-Net structure that utilizes global and local input data information using multi-scale has bee n proposed. This nested U-Net was also applied to speech enhancement and showed outstanding performance. However, a single skip connection used in nested U-Nets must be modified for the nested structure. In this paper, we propose a multi-level skip connection (MLS) to optimize the performance of the nested U-Net-based speech enhancement algorithm. As a result, the proposed MLS showed excellent performance improvement in various objective evaluation metrics compared to the standard skip connection, which means th at the MLS can optimize the performance of the nested U-Net-based speech enhancement algorithm. In addition, the final proposed m odel showed superior performance compared to other DNN-based speech enhancement models.

• 한국정보통신설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.08a
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• pp.181-184
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• 2007

Up to now, a lot of houses, roads and other urban facilities have been damaged by natural disasters such as flash floods and landslides. It is reported that the size and frequency of disasters are growing greatly due to global warming. In order to mitigate such disaster, flood forecasting and alerting systems have been developed for the Han river, Geum river, Nak-dong river and Young-san river. These systems, however, do not help small municipal departments cope with the threat of flood. In this study, a real-time urban flood forecasting service (U-FFS) is developed for ubiquitous computing city which includes small river basins. A test bed is deployed at Tan-cheon in Gyeonggido to verify U-FFS. Wireless sensors such as rainfall gauge and water lever gauge are installed to develop hydrologic forecasting model and CCTV camera systems are also incorporated to capture high definition images of river basins. U-FFS is based on the ANFIS (Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System) that is data-driven model and is characterized by its accuracy and adaptability. It is found that U-FFS can forecast the water level of outlet of river basin and provide real-time data through internet during heavy rain. It is revealed that U-FFS can predict the water level of 30 minutes and 1 hour later very accurately. Unlike other hydrologic forecasting model, this newly developed U-FFS has advantages such as its applicability and feasibility. Furthermore, it is expected that U-FFS presented in this study can be applied to ubiquitous computing city (U-City) and/or other cities which have suffered from flood damage for a long time.

• Advances in environmental research
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.167-177
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• 2013

We investigated that removal of aqueous U(VI) by nano-sized Zero Valent Iron (nZVI) and Fe(II) bearing minerals (controls) in this study. Iron particles showed different U(VI) removal efficiencies (Mackinawite: 99%, green rust: 95%, nZVI: 91%, magnetite: 87%, pyrite: 59%) due to their different PZC (Point of Zero Charge) values and surface areas. In addition, noticeable amount of surface Fe(II) (181 ${\mu}M$) was released from nZVI suspension in 6 h and it increased to 384 ${\mu}M$ in the presence of U(VI) due to ion-exchange of U(VI) with Fe(II) on nZVI surface. Analysis of Laser-Induced Breakdown Detection (LIBD) showed that breakdown probabilities in both filtrates by 20 and 200 nm sizes was almost 24% in nZVI suspension with U(VI), while 1% of the probabilities were observed in nZVI suspension without U(VI). It indicated that Fe(II) colloids in the range under 20 nm were generated during the interaction of U(VI) and nZVI. Our results suggest that Fe(II) colloids generated via ion-exchange process should be carefully concerned during long-term remediation site contaminated by U(VI) because U could be transported to remote area through the adsorption on Fe(II) colloids.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.538-543
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• 2008

Urban development and industrialization cause many problems on urban environment such as climate changes, natural disasters and a decreasing number of species. Problems on urban environment are the main factor of that lower the quality of life and obstruct continual development. As a result, eco space becomes the important part of a urban planning. This research, building plan U-Eco city which is establishing with the clean environment and high technology for solve the development thoughtless for the city environment problem and ecological problem. We suggest U-Eco space system which accreted with Ubiquitous technology to three physical divisions, which are lithosphere (land), hydrosphere (water), and aerosphere (air), that interact with the whole biosphere by forming the system. It has composed with U-Green belt that corresponds to lithosphere, U-Blue belt that is applicable to hydrosphere, and U-White belt that comes under aerosphere.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.6
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• pp.33-44
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• 1999

This paper aims to analyze whether the phenomenon of /u/$\rightarrow$/i/ is a hypercorrection or not in the North Korean dialects. Most North Koreans pronounce /i/(gold) as /kum/ because the vowel /i/ merges into the peripheral vowel space of /u/ in their dialects. The merger of back vowel is one of most distinctive characters in North Korean dialects. But some speakers pronounce /chubann/(exile) as /chiban/. This time /u/ in peripheral space moves to /i/ in central vowel space. It seems that the vowels /i/ and /u/ exchange places with each other when they uttered in North Korean. Though it was observed that the vowel movement of /i/$\rightarrow$/u/ was caused by the merger of back vowels, the reason why vowel /u/ moves in the opposite direction, that is, the central space of vowel /i/ has not been analyzed yet. This experiment starts with hypothesis that the movement of /u/$\rightarrow$/i/ might be caused by hypercorrection. The first step of this research is to analyze /u/$\rightarrow$/i/ pronunciation of North Koreans. The second step is to compare the results of North Korean pronunciation with those of South Korean pronunciation and observe whether tendency of /u/$\rightarrow$/i/pronunciation can also be found in the standard Seoul dialect and other South Korean dialects.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.278-283
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• 2010

In this paper, we designed and proposed framework of extended user model to support student tailored learning in ubiquitous environment. For the purpose, existents model that is domain model, user model, adaptation model and interaction model connected to LMS(Learning Management System) and LCMS(Learning Contents Management System). Students information management process that is extended user model is in between LMS and adaptive learning system. And the process connected u-LMS to use u-learning. u-LMS and u-LCMS could support the learning contents through exchange the contents according to connect and request from the students.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.1955-1963
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• 2021

As the IAEA has applied integrated safeguards and a state level approach to member states, the importance of national inspection has increased. However, the requirements for national inspection for some member states are different from the IAEA safeguards. In particular, the national inspection for the ROK requires on-site U concentration analysis due to a domestic notification. This research proposes an on-site U concentration analysis (OUCA) method for UO₂ pellets using gamma spectroscopy to satisfy the domestic notification requirement. The OUCA method calculates the U concentration of UO₂ pellets using the measured net X-ray counts and declared ²³⁵U enrichment. This research demonstrates the feasibility of the OUCA method using both MCNP simulation and experiment. It simulated and measured the net X-ray counts of different UO₂ pellets with different U concentrations and ²³⁵U enrichments. The simulated and measured net X-ray counts were fitted to polynomials as a function of U concentration and ²³⁵U enrichment. The goodness-of-fit results of both simulation and experiment demonstrated the feasibility of the OUCA method.