• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.9C no.4
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• pp.573-580
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• 2002

Within the security architecture of the 3GPP system there is a standardised integrity algorithm f9. The integrity algorithm f9 computes a MAC to authenticate the data integrity and data origin of signalling data over a radio access link of W-CDMA IMT-2000. f9 is a variant of the standard CBC MAC based on the block cipher KASUMI. In this paper we provide the provable security of f9 We prove that f9 is secure by giving concrete bound on an adversary's inability to forge in terms of her inability to distinguish the underlying block cipher from a pseudorandom permutation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.02a
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• pp.242-242
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• 2012

From the combined studies of STM and synchrotron photoemission, it has been found that a $CaF_2$ molecule is dissociated to Ca and F atoms on the $Si(114)-2{\times}1$ held at $500^{\circ}C$ at the initial adsorption stage. The Ca atoms form isolated and unique shapes of silicide molecules as shown in Fig. (a), while the F atoms are desorbed from the surface. On the other hand, beyond a $CaF_2$ coverage of 0.3 monolayer, as shown in Fig. (b), in addition to these silicide molecules, a 1-D facet [composed of (113) and (115) faces] adjacent to an etch pit has been observed, and F atoms are also detected from photoemission. These results imply that F atoms act as an etchant on Si(114) and CaF is adsorbed selectively on the (113) face of this facet. From the present studies, it has been concluded that, an insulating $CaF_2$ layer like that on Si(111) cannot be formed on Si(114), but a CaF-decorated nanofacet with a high aspect-ratio can be grown.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.41-41
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• 2019

The genus Ficus L., containing approximately 850 species, is by far the largest genus in the Moraceae. They are mainly distributed worldwide, mainly in tropical countries. In South Korea, there are three native Ficus (including F. erecta Thunb, F. sarmentosa var. nipponica (Franch. & Sav.) Corner, and F. thunbergii Maxim.). Among them, F. erecta is effectively natural resources for the improvement of senile cognitive impairment. However, the chloroplast (cp) genome sequences and information of F. erecta have not been addressed. Therefore, in this study, we provide the complete cp genome of F. erecta and its allied species using next-generation sequencing technology. The chloroplast of Ficus species has typical structure which includes large and small single copy regions and a pair of inverted repeats (IRs). The sizes of cp genomes range from 160,276 bp to 160,603 bp. To determine the phylogenetic positions of these species, we conducted a maximum likelihood analysis using common protein-coding genes in chloroplast sequences. Also, we describe a newly developed single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers using multiplex PCR to identify F. erecta based on amplification-refractory mutation system (ARMS) technique. We analyzed matK, atpB of the chloroplast genes and ITS from F. erecta and three related taxa, F. carica, F. sarmentosa var. nipponica and F. thunbergii. It provides useful information for molecular identification between F. erecta and related Korean native species.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.293-293
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• 2022

This study is to develop new wheat breeding material through wide hybridization with wild species harboring useful characteristics such as salt, heat, and drought tolerance. Leymus mollis, wild rye was used to improve wheat genetic quality. L. mollis, is a perennial plant harboring tolerance against salt, heat, and drought because L. mollis distributes on the seaside. The F₁ hybrids were produced by crossing between common wheat (Triticum aestivum L., Chinese Spring) and L. mollis. Genomic in situ hybridization revealed that the F₁ hybrids have L. mollis genome. For the evaluation of salt and drought tolerance, seeds from the F₂ were used. Under 2% NaCl solution, the F₃ wheat-Leymus addition plants with salt tolerance showed more tillering and longer roots than other F₃ plants without salt tolerance. Also, the F₃ plants with salt tolerance showed better shallow-rooted than other F₃ plants without salt tolerance. Finally, the F₃ plants with salt tolerance made seed-setting under 2% NaCl condition, but other F₃ plants without salt tolerance were not. Under drought conditions, the F₃ plants with drought tolerance showed longer culm and spike length than other F₃ plants without drought tolerance and even those of Chinese Spring under well-water conditions. We evaluated and selected the F₃ plants with salt or drought tolerance for generation advancement.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.131-134
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• 2003

We demonstrated an optical frequency synthesizer based on a femtosecond (fs) mode-locked Ti:sapphire (Ti:s) laser by simultaneously stabilizing the carrier-offset frequency, $f_{ceo}$, and repetition rate, $f_{ rep}$, referenced to the Cs atomic frequency standard. By using two wide-band digital phase-detectors we realized a phase-coherent link between $f_{rep} and f_{ceo} with the relation f_{ceo} = f_{AOM} 5/6f_{rep} ≡ 0, where f_{AOM} = 5/6f_{rep}$ is the phase-locked driving frequency of an acousto-optic modulator (AOM) in a self-referencing interferometer and $f_{rep}$ = 100 MHz. As a result, we could stabilize all components of the fs laser comb at once with an equal frequency separation $f_{rep}$ = 100 MHz with $f_{ceo}$ = 0. In our optical frequency synthesizer, the frequency of the nth component ($f_{n}$) is given exactly by the simple relation $f_n = nf_{rep}$, enabling us to use the fs laser comb as a frequency ruler in the optical frequency metrology.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.37-45
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• 2001

A survival variable is a non-negative random variable X with distribution function F(t) satisfying F(0) : 0 and a survival function F(t): 1-F(t). This variable is said to be New Better than Used of specified age t$_{0}$ if F(x+ t$_{0}$)$\leq$F(x).F(t$_{0}$) for all x$\geq$0 and a fixed t$_{0}$. We propose the test for H$_{0}$ : F(x+t$_{0}$)=F(x).F(t$_{0}$) for all x$\geq$0 against H$_1$: F(x+t$_{0}$) $\leq$ F(x).F(t$_{0}$) for all x$\geq$0 when the specified age to is unknown but can be estimated from the data when t$_{0}$=ζ$_{p}$, the pth percentile of F. This test statistic, which is based on the normalized spacings between the ordered observations, is readily applied in the case of small sample. Also, our test is more simple than Ahmad's test (1998). Finally, the performance of our test is presented.our test is presented.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.151-160
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• 1997

This study was performed to assess clinical signs, sedative and physiologic effects of a combination of fentanyl, azaperone and xylazine (F-A-X). The experiments were divided into four groups; xylazine 0.1mg/kg (X 0.1), F-A-X 0.05 MG/KG (F-A-X 0.05), F-A-X 0.1 MG/KG (F-A-X 0.1) and F-A-X 0.2mg/kg (F-A-X 0.2). Heart rates were decreased in all groups. Respiratory rates were decreased in other groups, but increased in F-A-X 0.2. Body temperatures were in normal ranges. After administration of F-A-X, most of cattle were recumbency and did not respond to needle prick. Duration of sedation was prolonged with increasing dosages. F-A-X did not induce sufficient analgesia for dehorning. Side effects were salivation and urination in all, but they were much less in F-A-X groups than those in X 0.1. Intermittent apnea and bloat were observed in F-A-X 0.2. Serum chemistry values were in normal ranges exvept for hyperglycemia invreased thorough experimental time. Based on above results, it may be concluded that F-A-X is effective preanesthetic with low dosage of 0.05~0.1 mg/kg being useful for immobilization or manipulation without tissue incision in cattle.

• The Pure and Applied Mathematics
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.31-34
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• 1995

Let R$^n$be n-th Euclidean space. Let be the n-th spere embeded as a subspace in R$\^$n+1/ centered at the origin. In this paper, we are going to consider the function space F = {f│f : S$^n$\longrightarrow S$^n$} metrized by as follow D(f,g)=d(f($\chi$), g($\chi$)) where f, g $\in$ F and d is the metric in S$^n$. Finally we want to find certain relation these spaces.(omitted)

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1988

The IR edge absorption of the important pure components of ZrF4-based glasses, including two previously uncharacterized components(ZrF4 and AlF3), has been measured. Values of the glass IR edge absorption coefficients have been calculated from these results, assuming additivity, and are compared with experimental glass absorption coefficients. The calculated ${\alpha}$ values are about a factor of two lower than the experimental values for ZrF4-based glasses, and the ZrF4 makes the largest contribution to the calculated ${\alpha}$ value.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.765-774
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• 2021

In this paper, we solve and investigate the superstability of the p-radical functional equations $$f(\sqrt[p]{x^p+y^p})-f(\sqrt[p]{x^p-y^p})={\lambda}f(x)g(y),\\f(\sqrt[p]{x^p+y^p})-f(\sqrt[p]{x^p-y^p})={\lambda}g(x)f(y),$$ which is related to the trigonometric(Kim's type) functional equations, where p is an odd positive integer and f is a complex valued function. Furthermore, the results are extended to Banach algebras.