• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 2008

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to evaluate on the antimicrobial effect on the periodontal pathogens and anti-inflammatory effect of Artemisiae Iwayomogii Herba. Artemisiae Iwayomogii Herba has been used for treating as Artemisiae Capilaris Herba in Korea. Methods : Artemisiae Iwayomogii Herba was prepared by extracting medicinal herb with water. We investigated antimicrobial activity by the minimun inhibitory concentration (MIC) test. We also investigated inhibition of IL-$1{\beta}$-induced collagenase-l(MMP-l), stromelysin-1(MMP-3), interleukin-6 gene expression in human gingival fibroblasts. Results : The antimicrobial effect of Artemisiae Iwayomogii Herba was evaluated with MIC against periodontopathogens; Porphyromonas gingivalis 2561, W50, A7A1-28, 9-14K-1, Prevotella intermedia28, and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Y4, MICs of Artemisiae Iwayomogii Herba were 0.156 mg/ml, 0.625 mg/ml, 0.313 mg/ml, 1.25 mg/ml, 10 mg/ml and 10 mg/ml. The anti-inflammatory effect of Artemisiae Iwayomogii Herba was evaluated with Influence of herbs on the IL-$1{\beta}$-induced expression of MMP-1, MMP-3, interleukin-6, IL-$1{\beta}$ increased MMP-1, MMP-3, interleukin-6 mRNA levels. Artemisiae Iwayomogii Herba significantly inhibited IL-$1{\beta}$-induced MMP-1, MMP-3, interleukin-6 gene expressions in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions : These results suggested that Artemisiae Iwayomogii Herba might reduce the excessive proteolytic capacity of the gingival fibroblast during inflammation and could be developed a new drug in periodontitis.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.38 no.12 s.257
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• pp.873-877
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• 2005

Jeune's asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy is a rare, complex malformation with a broad spectrum of clinical expression. The degree of chest wall deformity is the most important prognostic factor and the only part which is correctable. A 11 month-old male infant was diagnosed as having Jeune's syndrome and received right side lateral thoracic expansion surgery. But because respiratory distress symptom was sustained postoperatively, we performed left side procedure 3 months after the initial operation. Respiratory distress symptom got worse after fracturing the left titanium plate which was inserted to fix the expanded thoracic wall and reimplantation was performed. The patient was discharged 6 months after the initial operation. He was readmitted and received ventilator care for respiratory failure and died 10 months after the initial operation.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.209-216
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• 2007

The ovarian structure and ultrastructural changes in germ cells during oogenesis of the spiny top shell, Batillus cornutus, have been investigated by light and electron microscopic observations. Specimens of the spiny top shell were collected from the subtidal zone of Wando, south coast of Korea. Spiny top shell was dioecious. The ovary was located on the surface of the hepatopancreas in the spiral posterior region. The ovary had greenish color in the gonadal mature season. The ovary comprised many ovarian lobules, and the ovarian lobule consisted of connective mesenchymal tissue and epithelial cells. Oogonium had a large nucleus with nucleolus of high electron density. In previtellogenic oocyte, small yolk granules of low electron density were scattered in the cytoplasm. Oocytes in the initial vitellogenic stage were connected with the ovarian lobule by egg stalk. The result of TEM observations showed that initial vitellogenic oocyte contained well-developed Golgi complex, endoplasmic reticula, tubular mitochondria and numerous yolk granules of various electron densities and sizes. The electron density, size and quantity of yolk granules which were distributed in the active vitellogenic oocyte were increased compared to the previous stage. Thickness of egg envelope in the late active vitellogenic oocyte was approximately 4.4 $[\mu}m$. Cytoplasm of ripe oocyte was filled with proteid yolk globules of high electron density and lipid yolk globules of low electron density. In this stage, the thickness of egg envelope was approximately 6.5 ${\mu}m$.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.218-224
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• 2001

Water movement in the Young San River Estuary where a sea dyke was constructed, was observed using anacoustic doppler profiler (ADP) and two TGPS buoys for 25 hours on 27-28 July 2000. Hydrographic observations were simultaneously taken using CTD to understand the characteristic of the spacial structure of temperature and salinity. A large quantity of fresh water was discharged from the sea dyke on 26 July 2000. The observation period fell on neap tide. The amplitude of the tidal elevation and the maximum velocity of the tidal current were about 4 m and 12 cm/sec respectively. The water movement at the surface layer is mainly controlled by wind, and those at the other layers are controlled by semidiurnal tide. The low salinity water less than 22 psu was observed along the northern part during the early observation period while southerly wind prevails. The less saline water moves westward and finally leaves the estuary by easterly wind early on the second day. We can divide the vertical structure into four layers by hydrography and current structure. Mean velocity structure shows that relatively less saline waters at the surface and the middle layer move seaward, and the waters at the upper and the bottom layers move landward. It is thought that the intermittent discharge of river water from the sea dyke makes vertical structure of four layers.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.2 no.6
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• pp.937-946
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• 1995

We proposed and efficient block segmentation and classification method for the document analysis using SGLDM(spatial gray level dependence matrix) and BP (back Propagation) neural network. Seven texture features are extracted directly from the SGLDM of each gray-level block image, and by using the nonlinear classifier of neural network BP, we can classify document blocks into 9 categories. The proposed method classifies the equation block, the table block and the flow chart block, which are mostly composed of the characters, out of the blocks that are conventionally classified as non-character blocks. By applying Sobel operator on the gray-level document image beforebinarization, we can reduce the effect of the background noises, and by using the additional horizontal-vertical smoothing as well as the vertical-horizontal smoothing of images, we can obtain an effective block segmentation that does not lead to the segmentation into small pieces. The result of experiment shows that a document can be segmented and classified into the character blocks of large fonts, small fonts, the character recognigible candidates of tables, flow charts, equations, and the non-character blocks of photos, figures, and graphs.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.537-541
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to examine and compare the concentrations of blood retinol and $\alpha$-tocopherol in normal and diarrhea calves. The subjects of the experiments are from three groups. Each group consists of 5 calves(diarrhea, treatment and control group). The CBC, serum chemistry, serum retinol and a-tocopherol concentrations were estimated in each group. Blood retinol concentration was $13.3{\pm}7.0{\mu}g/100ml$ in diarrhea group, $31.5{\pm}6.9{\mu}g/100ml$ in treatment group and $28.1{\pm}11.8{\mu}g/100ml$ in the control group. The blood concentration in diarrhea group was significantly lower than that of the control group in the case of retinol(p<0.05). However, there were no significance between the treatment poop and the control group. The $\alpha$-tocopherol concentration in blood was $266.0{\pm}127.6{\mu}g/100ml$ in diarrhea group, $432.2{\pm}172.7{\mu}g/100ml$ in the treated group and $579.3{\pm}145.8{\mu}g/100ml$ in the control group. In the case of $\alpha$-tocopherol, the laboratory group were significantly lower than the control group(p<0.05), except for the treatment group. As in retinol concentration there were no significance between treatment group and the control group. In the test of CBC, PCV was significantly lower in the group with diarrhea than the control group(p<0.05). Fibrinogen concentrations in diarrhea calves were significantly higher than the treatment and control group. In conclusion, the blood retinol and $\alpha$-tocopherol concentration in diarrhea calves are lower than normal calves. Medication of retinol and $\alpha$-tocopherol on calves with diarrhea is recommended.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.7
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• pp.11-23
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• 1986

Korea has a long history from several thousand years ago. Specially stonecultural properties were used for the long period in Korea. Ancient tombs of prehistoric age, Sukgul-am (stone cave), Chumsung-dae (astronomical observatory)and stone statue of Buddha in the period of three dynasties were made of stone. There after the foundation stone, mortarstone, millstone, and other stone facilities at home have been also used for a long time. For the conservation of the cultural properties, the ecological distribution of lichens was investigated with the stone buildings around tombs and multistory stonepagodas.1. Yoo-nung (The tomb of Emperor Sungjong) : The stone buildings of granitearound tomb about 80 years old are clean and solid in quality, but they were covered in places with three kinds of lichens as the circle forms of pale-green and dark-gray colored thallus in crustose type. They were examined ecological distribution, identification and measurement of lobe size of lichens.2. Yoong-nung (The tomb of son of Emperor Yung-jong) : Granite buildings around tomb about 200 years old are also clean, moreover, they were also covered with the same kinds of crustose lichens in overlap.3. Yung-nung (The tomb of Emperor Sejong) : More than seven species of crustose, foliose and one species of fruticose lichens were growing on thegranite stone buildings built in about 500 years ago.4. Shilluk-sa multistory brick pagoda : It was built at the Koryo dynasty more than about 700 years. More than 5 species of crustose folios and two species of fruticose lichens were growing well on the granite stone at shade area. It was assumed that foliose lichens as dominant species with the respect of ecological aspect.5. Shilluk-sa multistory marble pagoda : This marble pagoda was built at the middle period of the Koryo dynasty as the same age of multistory brick pagoda. It was covered with black colored thallus such as crustose lichens. It is seemed that only crustose lichens on the stone were due to the drymarble stone. From the results described above, distribution of lichens showed that only crustose lichens on the stone from the short history (about 100-200 years) were grown with small size of circle form, stone buildings over 500 years were covered with crustose, folios and fruticose lichens, and the lichens distribution on the stonemore than 500 years appeared more foliose and fruticose than crustose type. Therefore, it is suggested that the succession of lichens on the stone buildings iscrustose$\rightarrow$foliose$\rightarrow$fruticose.Parmelia mexicana, Cladonia floerkeana, Ramalina yasudae identified are described in this paper and other unidentified species of saxicolous lichens will bedescribed later.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.149-159
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• 2002

Dwarf bamboo(Sasa borealis) is a dominant understory species in the various forest types in Korea. The objective of this study was to investigate vegetation structure of Sasa borealis and effects of Sasa on the growth of overstory tree species along the forest development after clearcutting. Three representative stand types with and without S. borealis in Baekwoonsan, Chonnam province were selected in 1998 for this study: uncutting stands(natural deciduous forests with overstory vegetation), 1987-cutting stands (11 years after clearcutting), and 1993-cutting stands(5 years after clearcuting). Vegetation type was largely classified into Sasa borealis dominant type and Sasa borealis recessive or absent type. The former composed of four associations including Quercus serrata-Carpinus laxiflora / Sasa borealis community, Cornus controversa-Morus bombysis / Sasa borealis community, Styrax japonica-Styrax obassia / Sasa borealis association, Zelkova serrata / Sasa borealis community. The latter divided into six associations including Quercus serrata / Lindera erythrocarpa community, Cornus controversa / Lindera erythrocarpa community, Quercus serrata / Acer pseudosieboldianum / Deutzia glabrata community, Fraxinus rhynchophylla-Quercus serrata / Lindera erythrocarpa / Euonymus alataus community, Rubus crataegifolius-Hydrangea macrophylla community, Rubus crataegifolius-Lespedeza bicolor community. Distribution of Sasa, borealis by developmental stages of forests showed that in natural stands was dominant understory, but was various pattern in two cutting stands. Mean annual ring growth of Quercus serrata and Carpinus laxiflora during the last 35 years had not been affected by presence of Sasa, based on comparisons in annual ring growth between Sasa-present and Sasa-absent stands. In conclusion, dense crown of Sasa borealis suppressed the invasion of other shrubs or annuals and facilitated later stages of plant succession by promoting growth of shade-tolerant tree species after clear cutting.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.21-27
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• 1998

Methanol extracts from 25 leguminous seeds were tested for their fungicidal activities toward six phytopathogenic fungi, using whole plant test in a greenhouse. The efficacy varied with both the plant pathogen and legume species used. At 5 mg/pot, potent fungicidal activities were produced from extracts of Cassia obtusifolia, Glycine max var. solitae, G. max var. yagkong, G. max var. hooktae, Phaseolus multiflorus, P. radiatus var. aurea, and Vigna sinensis against Botrytis cinerea, Puccinia recondita, and Erysiphe graminis. These seed extracts were highly effective against three B. cinerea strains resistant to carbendazim, procymidone, and diethofencarb. All leguminous seed extracts revealed weak or no fungicidal effect against Rhizoctonia solani, Pyricularia grisea, and Phytophthora infestans. As a naturally occurring fungicide, leguminous seed-derived materials described could be useful as new fungicidal products against various plant diseases induced by phytopathogenic fungi.

• The Journal of Korean Society of Virology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.227-234
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• 1996

Prostatic carcinoma is the leading second cause of cancer in men. Previous epidermiological studies implicated human papillomavirus as an infectious agent. Since there are only limited studies on the association of HPV to prosate cancer, we examined the prevalence of HPV infections in korean prostate cancer patients. We observed that out of 26 cases, 4 cases and 5 cases were infected by HPV 16(27%) and HPV 18 (31%), respectively and 3 cases by both (46%) and at least 18 were positive for HPV (69%). For these samples, immunohistochemical detection of the p53 and proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were also studied, using monoclonal antibodies. Sixteen of 26 (61%) showed immunostaining for p53 protein. While 8 samples with no HPV infection (100%) showed all positive for p53 protein staining, less than half of the 18 patients with any HPV infection (44%) showed p53 protein staining. These findings indicate that altered expression of p53 protein occurs in the more than half of prostate cancers, however, p53 expression is less frequent in HPV infected tissues. This implies that there might be an inverse correlation in general between HPV infection and p53 amplification. However, while 50% (4 of 8) of HPV negative prostate cancer was positive for PCNA staining, 13 out of 18 HPV infected patients (72%) were positive. Therefore HPV infection is more strongly associated with increase proliferation. In addition HPV infected cancer patients are generally in more advanced status implying that HPV infection plays a role in the development of highly malignant prostatic carcinomas, eventhough the statistical significance of this interpretation might be waited for the analysis of more cases.