• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.892-896
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• 1991

The cyrstallization behavior of lead titanate powders prepared by sol-gel and coprecipitation techniques was investigated. The lead titanate precursors were derived from a mixed solution of lead nitrate and titanium tetrachloride at 4$0^{\circ}C$ to 43$^{\circ}C$ and pH of 9.00 to 9.75. The X-ray diffraction patterns of the dried gel and coprecipitated powders showed it to be amorphous. DTA runs of the powders indicated crystallization to occur at 475~48$0^{\circ}C$. However, the amorphous powders were partially crystallized at 400~45$0^{\circ}C$ with sufficient annealing time. The room temperature Raman spectra from heat-treated powders changed continuously from amorphous to crystalline state with increasing heat-treating temperature. By annealing coprecipitated powders, a dramatic change in the Raman spectra due to the structural relaxation as the annealing temperatures increased, was clearly visible. i.e., coprecipitated, gel, and crystalline structure, in turn.

• Applied Science and Convergence Technology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.219-223
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• 2015

Enhancement of the surface hydrophobicity of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) thin films deposited on substrates covered with titanium dioxide ($TiO_2$) nanospheres was studied. First, a low-temperature solution-phase method using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a surface capping agent and a water/dimethylformamide (DMF) mixture as the reaction medium was used to synthesize monodisperse $TiO_2$ nanospheres. It was possible to easily control hydrolysis rate of the Ti-precursors and the size of the synthesized nanospheres by varying the amount of PVP and the volume ratio of the solvent mixture. Spray coating of the synthesized $TiO_2$ nanospheres under the PDMS film increased the water contact angle of the film surface to $150.3^{\circ}$. This simple treatment can modify the surface morphology at a nanometer scale without any long or complicated nanoprocess; hence, the surface enters the superhydrophobic Cassie-Baxter regime.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.02a
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• pp.305-305
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• 2012

The organic-inorganic hybrid polymer thin films were deposited using the gas phase method which known as molecular layer deposition (MLD). Titaniumchloride (TiCl4) and 1,4-phenylenediamine (PD) were used as monomers to deposit hybrid polymer. Self-terminating nature of TiCl4 and PD reaction were demonstrated by growth rate saturation versus precursors dosing time. Infrared spectroscopic and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were employed to determine the chemical composition and state of hybrid polymer thin films. Layer by layer growth was showed by increasing UV-VIS absorption peak of hybrid polymer thin films.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.153-158
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• 2016

Light metal alloys of Mg, Ti, and Al undergo environmentally assisted cracking (EAC). Passive film breakdown and pitting are not only precursor events for stress corrosion, but can accelerate hydrogen evolution that is responsible for hydrogen embrittlement. This is clearly demonstrated in the case of Mg and Ti alloys. The so-called innocuous precipitates, which do not directly participate in either alloy strengthening or EAC can be effective precursors for initiating EAC. This aspect is highlighted using high strength aluminium alloys. Such behaviours lead to a paradigm shift in the design of alloys with resistance to EAC.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.336-340
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• 2002

Pure and nano-sized $TiO_2$ and $CaTiO_3$ powders were fabricated by a polymeric steric entrapment route and planetary milling process. An ethylene glycol was used as a polymeric carrier for the preparation of organic-inorganic precursors. Titanium isopropoxide and calcium nitrate were dissolved in liquid-type ethylene glycol without any precipitation. At the optimum amount of the polymer, the metal cations were dispersed in solution and a homogeneous polymeric network was formed. The dried precursor ceramic gels were turned to porous powders through calcination process. The porous powders were crystallized at low temperatures and the crystalline powders were planetary milled to nano size.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.1366-1370
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• 2001

Thin films of the SiO2-TiO2-PDMS composite material have been prepared by the sol-gel dip coating method. Acid catalyzed solutions of tetraethoxy silane (TEOS) and polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) mixed with titanium isopropoxide Ti(OiPr) were used as precursors. The optical and structural properties of the organically modified 70SiO2-30TiO2 composite films have been investigated with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV-Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) and prism coupling technique. The films coated on the soda-lime-silicate glass exhibit 450-750 nm thickness, 1.56-1.68 refractive index and 88-94% transmittance depending on the experimental parameters such as amount of PDMS, thermal treatment and heating rate. The optical loss of prepared composite film was measured to be about 0.34 dB/cm.

• Journal of Ceramic Processing Research
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• v.13 no.spc2
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• pp.373-376
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• 2012

Thin films of Ag-SiO2-TiO2 composite oxides with SiO2/TiO2 of 20/80 molar compositions were prepared by the sol-gel method, using tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) and titanium isopropoxide (TIP) as precursors. Ag-SiO2-TiO2 films coated on commercial glass substrates have successfully been synthesized using sol-gel method. The Ag-SiO2-TiO2 film with 0.5% Ag-added concentration and 20 mol% SiO2-mixture gives optimal results on crystalline structure, optical property, surface area, and photochromic property. Absorption near the wavelength of the incident light decreased gradually. The reversibility of the two-photon writing process in Ag-SiO2-TiO2 film is clearly seen.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.408-415
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• 2009

Iron-loaded activated carbon fibers (Fe-ACF) supported titanium dioxide ($TiO_2$) photocatalyst (Fe-ACF/$TiO_2$) was synthesized using a sol-gel method. Three different types of Fe-ACF/$TiO_2$ were obtained by treatment with different precursor of Fe, and characterized using BET, SEM, XRD and EDX analysis. The photocatalytic activity of Fe-ACF/$TiO_2$ was investigated by the degradation of Rhodamine B (Rh.B) solution under UV irradiation. From the experimental results, it was revealed that Fe-ACF/$TiO_2$ composites show considerable photocatalytic ability for the removal of Rh.B by comparing non-treated ACF/$TiO_2$ composites. And photo-Fenton reaction with Fe element was incoordinately influenced due to different precursor of Fe. It clearly indicates that Fe-ACF/$TiO_2$ composites prepared using $FeCl_3$ provided the highest photo-Fenton activity, then, which was affected by pH changes on the degradation of Rh.B.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.286-287
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• 2006

Barium titanate ($BaTiO_3$) glycolate particles were synthesized at temperature as low as $100^{\circ}C$ through glycothermal reaction by using $Ba(OH)_2{\cdot}8H_2O$ and amorphous titanium hydrous gel as precursors and ethylene glycol as solvent. The particle size and morphology of $BaTiO_3$ glycolate powders can be controlled by varying the reaction conditions such as the reaction temperature and Ba:Ti molar ratio of starting precursors. After glycothermal treatment at $220^{\circ}C$ for 24 h in 1.25:1(Ba:Ti), the average particle size of the $BaTiO_3$ glycolate powder was about 200-400 nm and low agglomeration. $BaTiO_3$ powders were formed by heat-treating the glycolate powder in air at $500-1000^{\circ}C$. As a result, the size of $BaTiO_3$ crystallites changed from around 50-300 nm. It is also demonstrated that the size and shape of $BaTiO_3$ particles investigated as a function of calcination temperature. The $BaTiO_3$ particles obtained from optimum synthesis condition were pressed, sintered and measured for the dielectric property. The $BaTiO_3$ ceramics sintered at $1250^{\circ}C$ for 2 h had 98 % of theoretical density. The ceramics have an average grain size of about $1\;{\mu}m$ and displays the high dielectric constant (~3100) and low dielectric loss (<0.1) at room temperature.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.637-642
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• 1996

Preparation and properties of potential CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) precursors for the TiO2, a major component of the perovskite materials such as PT, PLT, PZT, and PLZT were investigated. Reactions between β-diketones and TiMe3, formed in situ failed to produce stable Ti(β-diketonate)3 complexes but a stable purple solid, characterized as (OTi(BPP)2)2 (BPP=1,3-biphenyl-1,3-propanedione) was obtained when BPP was used. Several new Ti(Oi-Pr)2(β-diketonate)2 complexes with aromatic or ring substituents were synthesized by the substitution reaction of Ti(OiPr)4by β-diketones and characterized with 1H NMR, IR, ICP, and TGA. Solid complexes such as Ti(Oi-Pr)2(BAC)2 (BAC=1.-phenyl-2,4-pentanedione), Ti(Oi-Pr)2(BPP)2, Ti(Oi-Pr)2(1-HAN)2 (1-HAN=2-hydroxy-1-acetonaphthone), Ti(Oi-Pr)2(2-HAN)2 (2-HAN=1-hydroxy-2-acetonaphthone), Ti(Oi-Pr)2(ACCP)2 (ACCP=2-acetylcyclopentanone), and Ti(Oi-Pr)2(HBP)2 (HBP=2-hydroxybenzophenone) were found to be stable toward moisture and air. Ti(Oi-Pr)2(ACCP)2 and Ti(Oi-Pr)2(HBP)2 were proved to have lower melting points and higher decomposition temperatures. However, these complexes are thermally stable and pyrolysis under an inert atmosphere resulted in incomplete decomposition. Ti(Oi-Pr)2(DPM)2 (DPM=dipivaloylmethane) and Ti(Oi-Pr)2(HFAA)2 (HFAA=hexafluoroacetylacetone) were sublimed substantially during the thermal decomposition. Pyrolysis mechanism of these complexes are dependent on type of β-diketone but removal of Oi-Pr ligands occurs before the decomposition of β-diketonate ligands.