• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.25-36
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• 1995

The purpose of this research is to develop stereotactic localization and radiation measurement system for the efficient and precise radiosurgery. The algorithm to obtain a 3-D stereotactic coordinates of the target has been developed using a Fisher CT or angio localization. The procedure of stereotactic localization was programmed with PC computer, and consists of three steps: (1) transferring patient images into PC; (2) marking the position of target and reference points of the localizer from the patient image; (3) computing the stereotactic 3-D coordinates of target associated with position information of localizer. Coordinate transformation was quickly done on a real time base. The difference of coordinates computed from between Angio and CT localization method was within 2 mm, which could be generally accepted for the reliability of the localization system developed. We measured dose distribution in small fields of NEC 6 MVX linear accelerator using various detector; ion chamber, film, diode. Specific quantities measured include output factor, percent depth dose (PDD), tissue maximum ratio (TMR), off-axis ratio (OAR). There was small variation of measured data according to the different kinds of detectors used. The overall trends of measured beam data were similar enough to rely on our measurement. The measurement was performed with the use of hand-made spherical water phantom and film for standard arc set-up. We obtained the dose distribution as we expected. In conclusion, PC-based 3-D stereotactic localization system was developed to determine the stereotactic coordinate of the target. A convenient technique for the small field measurement was demonstrated. Those methods will be much helpful for the stereotactic radiosurgery.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.333-344
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• 2004

The enamel matrix derivative (EMD) has been recently used in the periodontal regenerative techniques. The present study was established to investigate the influence of EMD on human periodontal ligament cells using expression of mRNA of periodontal ligament specific gene (PDLs)17, PDLs22, type I collagen when EMD applied to periodontal ligament cells. Periodontal ligament cells were obtained from a healthy periodontium and cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) plus 10% fetal bovine serum and ${\beta}-glycerophosphate$ with ascorbic acid. Test groups were two; One adds EMD in culture media and another added EMD and Dexamethasone (DEX) in culture media. Positive control group added DEX in culture media, and negative control group adds niether of EMD nor DEX. $Emdogain^{(R)}$ (Biora, Sweden, 30 mg/ml) was diluted by 75 ${\mu}g/ml$ concentration to culture media. For reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), total RNA isolated on days 0, 7, 14 and 21. mRNA of PDLs17 was expressed on days 14 and 21 in EMD or DEX group, and expressed on days 7, 14 and 21 in EMD plus DEX group, the other side, expressed on days 21 in negative control group. mRNA of PDLs22 expressed on days 7, 14 and 21 in EMD group, and expressed on days 14 and 21 in DEX group, and expressed on days 7, 14 and 21 in EMD plus DEX group. Negative control group expressed on days 14 and 21. Type I collagen was expressed on all days and all groups. These results indicate that EMD promotes differentiation of periodontal ligament cells, and this is considered to offer basis that can apply EMD to periodontal tissue regeneration technique.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.82 no.1
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• pp.12-16
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• 1993

Post-harvest trunk injection of oxytetracycline-HCl(OTC) was attempted for the control of jujube witches'-broom. Diseased jujube(Zizyphus jujuba) trees with 9 to 16cm trunk diameters were treated with OTC ranged from 2g to 6g according to the size of trunk diameter. OTC dissolved in 0.51 or 1.01 of water was transfused into diseased trees by gravity flow injection during September and October. All these OTC concentrations prevented symptom development for two growing seasons and restored previously severely diseased trees to normal conditions. There was no differences in control effect between 0.51 and 1.01 OTC solutions. With these high OTC concentrations, no phytotoxicity was observed in the new leaves of the following year. Mycoplasma -like organism (MLO)-specific fluorescence was absent in the phloem of recovered tissue when examined by fluorescence microscopy using DAPI(4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole.2HCl) staining, indicating the disappearance of MLO by the action of OTC.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.199-202
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• 2007

We isolated a 317 bp of partial cDNA for doublesex-and mab-3-related transcription factor-1 (DMRT-1) from the testis of olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus using RT-PCR. Based on the multiple sequence alignment, olive flounder DMRT-1 shared relatively high sequence homology (82 to 94%) with orthologues from other teleost species such as Atlantic halibut, Hippoglossus hippoglossus, black porgy, Acanthopagrus schlegeli and rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. DMRT-1 mRNA was predominantly expressed in the testis of olive flounder. In our investigation for the effect of testosterone treatment in vivo on induced expression of ovarian DMRT-1 transcript, mRNA levels of DMRT-1 in ovary were significantly up-regulated by testosterone treatments (0.3 or $3.0{\mu}g$ testosterone/g body weight for 12 to 36 hours) as judged by RT-PCR analysis. In overall, transcriptional stimulation of DMRT-1 during treatments was more affected by doses of testosterone than treatment durations. This result strongly suggests that the regulation of DMRT-1 be tissue- and gender-specific in olive flounder, and also provides useful baseline knowledge on the testosterone-mediated regulation in the reproductive physiology of this species.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.439-447
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• 2011

Introduction: In today's society, the rapid and appropriate care of the dental emergency patients is much more important. So, a retrospective study on the characteristics of emergency dental injuries and diseases will be very meaningful. Materials and Methods: This retrospective clinical study was carried by reviewing the radiographic films and emergency chart of 11,493 patients who had visited the emergency room of Hallym Sacred heart Hospital and were treated in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery from January 2006 to December 2010. Results: The male to female ratio was 1.9:1. The highest monthly incidence was observed in May (10.4%) and June (8.9%) and the peak age distribution was the first decade (56.0%), followed by the second decade (16.0%). Trauma was the most common cause in dental emergency patients, followed in order by toothache, odontogenic infection, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorder and oral hemorrhage. Soft tissue injury was most prevalent in the trauma group, followed by tooth injury and facial bone fractures. In the tooth injury group, tooth fracture (56.7%) showed the highest incidence followed in order by tooth subluxation (18.2%), tooth concussion (16.9%), tooth avulsion (11.5%) and alveolar bone fractures (3.7%). In the facial bone fracture group, mandibular fractures (81.8%) showed the highest incidence followed in order by maxilla fractures (15.7%), nasal bone fractures (9.0%), zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures (5.4%), orbital bone fractures (2.5%). In mandibular bone fractures, the most common location was the symphysis (70.1%), followed in order by the mandibular angle (33.0%), mandibular condyle (22.8%) and mandibular body (13.6%). In the infection group, a submandibular space abscess (46.2%) was most common followed in order by a buccal space abscess (17.4%), canine space abscess (16.9%) and submental space abscess (12.3%). TMJ dislocation (89.3%) showed the highest incidence in the TMJ disorder group, followed by TMJ derangement (10.7%). In the other group, a range of specific symptoms due to post operation complications, trigeminal neuralgia, chemical burns and foreign body aspiration were reported. Conclusion: For the rapid and appropriate care of the dental emergency patients, well-organized system should be presented in oral and maxillofacial surgery. And it is possible under analysis of pattern and the variation of the dental emergency patients.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.35-44
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• 2007

Periodontal ligament (PDL) is the connective tissue located between the tooth root and alveolar bone. In a previous study, PDLs22 was isolated as a PDL-specific gene by using subtractive hybrid-ization between cultured PDL fibroblasts and gingival fibroblasts. It was also suggested that PDLs22 plays important roles in the development, differentiation and maintenance of periodontal tissues. However, little is known about functional study of PDLs22 using recombinant protein in PDL fibroblast differentiation and periodontium formation. In this study, in order to produce the PDLs22 recombinat protein, PDLs22 expression vector were constructed and expressed its protein in various host cell and temperature conditions. The results were as follows: 1. PDLs22 protein was not strongly expressed In the induction system using pRSET-PDLs22 construct. 2. When the BL21(DE3) pLysS was used as a expression host, PDLS22 protein was strongly ex-pressed in the induction system using pHCEIIBNd-PDLs22 construct. 3. The PDLs22 protein was recognized at a molecular weight of 28 kDa in western blots. 4. Almost of the expressed PDLs22 protein was not soluble and observed like as inclusion body. 5. The protein solubility was not improved after modification of induction time and temperature during PDLs22 protein production. In this study, the system for the PDLs22 protein production was connstructed. However, the re-results suggest that further studies will be needed to produce the considerable amount of PDLs22 re-combinat protein, which can use for the periodontal regeneration.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2009

Recently, amniotic fluid has gained attention as one of the potential sources for cell therapy and tissue engineering because it has characteristics of multipotent stem cells. However, current knowledge about what types of cells are naturally found in amniotic fluid is still limited. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether human amniotic fluid contains cells that have characteristics of respiratory cells. Samples of human amniotic fluid (5 mL per sample) obtained from amniocenteses were cultured with small airway growth medium (SAGM). Cells were grown until the third passage and the presence of type II alveolar cells were characterized by inverted microscopy, immunofluorescence, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). On inverted microscopy, cultured cells showed typical polygonal and cobblestone-like epithelial morphology. The morphology of cells was not changed after selection and passing. Immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated that the isolated cells stained positive for surfactant protein C (SPC), specific marker for type II alveolar cells. Cells also stained positive for TTF-1 protein but negative for CD 31 and vimentin. RT-PCR analysis of cells showed expression of SPC mRNA. This study has demonstrated that respiratory cells can be isolated and identified from human amniotic fluid cultured in SAGM medium. Our results may provide the basis for further investigations of amniotic fluid.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.273-280
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• 1999

This is a report of gastric metastases secondary from a primary small cell carcinoma of the lung in two men. Blood-borne metastatic involvement of the stomach by cancer is a rare entity. According to the reports in the literature the prevalence of metastasis to the stomach occurs in 0.4% and the most common cell type of the primary lung carcinoma is large cell type(3.7%) followed by adenocarcinoma(2.4%), small cell carcinoma(1.7%) and squamous cell carcinoma(0.7%). The most common tumors that spread to the stomach through the blood stream are malignant melanoma, breast carcinoma and lung carcinoma. Most of the gastrointestinal tract metastases had no specific symptoms because of its submucosal involvement. The prognosis was poor and the mean survival period from the onset of symptoms was 49 days. The first patient was a 56-year-old man who had primary lung carcinoma with brain metastasis. Gastroscopic findings showed two elevated mass lesions in the anterior wall of the mid body with central ulcer and the posterior wall of the fundus with intact surface mucosa. Pathologic examination of stomach tissue revealed small cell type tumor cells infiltrate in the stomach wall segmentally without destruction of the glands. The second patient was a 67-year-old man who had no other evidence of the distant metastasis. Gastroscopic findings showed a huge, oval shaped, ulcerofungating mass with deep penetrating central ulcer coated with dirty exudate in the anterior wall from mid to upper body of the stomach, and thickened elevated rugal folds in the posterior wall of the fundus. Pathologic examination of stomach tissues revealed the small cell type tumor cells showing small smudged nucleus infiltrate into the mucosa of the stomach and the architecture of mucosa intact. We report the two cases of metastatic gastric cancer from the primary small cell lung carcinoma with the literature review.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.91-97
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• 1994

To improve the productivity of peroxidase (POD) of cell line SP-47 derived from cell suspension cultures of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L) Lam.cv White Star), we optimized culture conditions including the composition and concentration of plant growth regulators and carbon source, and the cell inoculum size. When one g (fr wt) of cells was inoculated into 50 mL TL medium supplemented with l mg/L 2,4-D and 30g/L sucrose in 300 mL Erlenmeyer flask at 25$^{\circ}C$ in the dark (100rpm), the POD activity per g cell dry wt was maximized to be about 6,800 units after 25 days of subculture, which was about 30 times higher than that of intact roots of horseradish plants grown in the greenhouse, but the cell growth was maximum after 15 days of subculture. The protein content per g cell dry wt maintained almost plateau and after 25 days of subculture decreased as culture Proceeded further whereas the POD specific activity (unit/mg protein) was about two times higher after subculture and continuously increased from 12 days to the end of cultures (40 days). The POD isozyme patterns showed almost the same regardless of cell growth stage, but some acidic isozymes were slightly increased after 25 days of subculture. These results indicate that POD activity in suspension cultures of sweet potato is closely associated with cell growth and stresses derived from cell culture renditions and medium depletion. Due to its high POD activity the SPL47cell line seems to be suitable for the mass production of POD.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2000

Explants of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) were co-cultivated with Agrobacterium tumifacience GV 3101 strain containing nptII gene and cold regulated gene (BN115) from Brassica napus for transformation. Multiple shoots were obtained from the explants in the selection medium (MS basal medium supplemented with 100 mg/L kanamycin, 500 mg/L carbenicillin, 0.1 mg/L NAA, 0.5 mg/L kinetin) after 3 to 4 weeks of co-culture. The putative transgenic shoots were transferred to rooting medium (1/2 MS basal medium supplemented with 100 mg/L kanamycin and 250 mg/L carbenicillin). The selected shoots were tested with PCR analysis using nptll, BN115 primers whether cold-regulated gene was introduced to genome of the plants. The vir G primers were particularly used to check contamination of Agrobacterium during PCR analysis. The nptII and BN115 primers produced the specific PCR bands in the putative transgenic lines but the vir G primers did not. These results confirmed that the PCR products were not the result of contamination with Agrobacterium. Additionally the Southern analysis of the PCR products and RT-PCR analysis proved that the cold-regulated gene was successfully integrated and transcribed in the putative transgenic lettuce plants.