• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.151-160
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• 2022

Fundus images can reflect ocular diseases and systemic diseases such as glaucoma, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. Thus, research on fundus-detection equipment is of great importance. The fundus camera has been widely used as a kind of noninvasive detection equipment. Most existing devices can only obtain two-dimensional (2D) retinal-image information, yet the fundus of the human eye also has spectral characteristics. The fundus has many pigments, and their different distributions in the eye lead to dissimilar tissue penetration for light waves, which can reflect the corresponding fundus structure. To obtain more abundant information and improve the detection level of equipment, a snapshot nonmydriatic fundus imaging spectral system, including fundus-imaging spectrometer and illumination system, is studied in this paper. The system uses a microlens array to realize snapshot technology; information can be obtained from only a single exposure. The system does not need to dilate the pupil. Hence, the operation is simple, which reduces its influence on the detected object. The system works in the visible and near-infrared bands (550-800 nm), with a volume less than 400 mm × 120 mm × 75 mm and a spectral resolution better than 6 nm.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.65 no.6
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• pp.1205-1213
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• 2023

The goals of the present study were to develop a simple method for obtain highly purified pig sperm hyaluronidase (pHyase) and to assess its activity, function, and safety. In mammals, sperm-specific glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored Hyase assists sperm penetration through the cumulus mass surrounding the egg and aids in the dispersal of the cumulus-oocyte complex. Recently, Purified bovine sperm hyaluronidase (bHyase) has been shown to enhance therapeutic drug transport by breaking down the hyaluronan barrier to the lymphatic and capillary vessels, thereby facilitating tissue absorption. Commercially available Hyase is typically isolated from bovine or ovine; which have several disadvantages, including the risk of bovine spongiform encephalopathy, low homology with human Hyase, and the requirement for relatively complex isolation procedures. This study successfully isolated highly purified pHyase in only two steps, using ammonium sulfate precipitation and fast protein liquid chromatography. The isolated Hyase had activity equal to that of commercial bHyase, facilitated in vitro fertilization, and effectively dissolved high molecule hyaluronic acid. This simple, effective isolation method could improve the availability of pHyase for research and clinical applications.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.351-358
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• 2016

Consistent with a previous study on the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (BPH) (Seo et al., 2009), we identified seven distinct EPG waveforms (np, L1, L2, L3, L4-a, L4-b, and L5) in adult female Laodelphax striatellus (SBPH) that fed on rice plants, by using the direct current electrical penetration graph (DC-EPG) system. The shape of waveforms and the pattern of occurrence of each waveform of SBPH were very similar to those of BPH. L3 and L4-a always occurred prior to L4-b. Periodical honeydew excretion was observed in L4-b only. Microsection observation following laser stylectomy revealed that the tips of SBPH stylets severed in L3, L4-a, and L4-b were commonly located in or near the phloem region of rice plants, but were located in the xylem in L5. Plant sap flowed from the stylets severed in L4-b only, and its main carbohydrate component was detected as sucrose by HPLC analysis. These results and the patterns of EPG waveform progress in SBPH suggested that feeding activities on rice plant tissue were relevant to each EPG waveform. L1 and L2 corresponded to the initiation of stylet penetration and stylet movement with salivation on the outside of the vascular bundle. L3 and L4-a were related to feeding activities within the phloem region in preparation for phloem sap ingestion. L4-b was closely associated with phloem sap ingestion, and L5 corresponded to xylem feeding behavior.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.1050-1056
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• 2013

Streptococcus pneumoniae is the leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia throughout the world. The bacteria invade through lung tissue and cause sepsis, shock, and serious sequelae, including rheumatic fever and acute glomerulonephritis. However, the molecular mechanism associated with pneumonia's penetration of lung tissue and invasion of the blood stream are still unclear. We attempted to investigate the host cell response at protein levels to S. pneumoniae D39 invasion using human lung cancer epithelial cells, A549. Streptococcus pneumoniae D39 began to change the morphology of A549 cells to become round with filopodia at 2 hours post-infection. A549 cell proteins obtained at each infection time point were separated by SDS-PAGE and analyzed using MALDI-TOF. We identified several endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident proteins such as Grp94 and Grp78 and mitochondrial proteins such as ATP synthase and Hsp60 that increased after S. pneumoniae D39 infection. Cytosolic Hsc70 and Hsp90 were, however, identified to decrease. These proteins were also confirmed by Western blot analysis. The identified ER resident proteins were known to be induced during ER stress signaling. These/ data, therefore, suggest that S. pneumoniae D39 infection may induce ER stress.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.11-20
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• 1987

The study was carried out to observe some fundamental effect of spices on tenderization of beef, particularly round muscle part. The study has been investigated analytically in terms of histological and sensory test to compare the tenderizing effect of the spices with respective effect of commercial meat tenderizer and mechanical tenderizer on beef. The results of formal titration assay using casein as a substrate were that garlic, radish and ginger were stronger in protein hydrolysis than the other spices. Beef with spice treatment produced partial degradation of muscle fiber and connective tissue. Connective tissues and muscle fiber were generally degraded conspicuously by the treatment of commercial meat tenderizer. A general disruption and severing of muscle fibers and severing of connective tissue were seen in the area of blade penetration. The results of sensory test on the texture were that F-value of 11.27 is significant at the 1% of the sample. Beef treated with spices was significantly tenderer than beef without treatment at 5% level.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.19-33
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• 2003

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of crumb rubber recycled from used tires as a soil incorporation and topdressing materials on a trafficked Korean lawngrass‘Zenith’(Zoysia japonica). In Exp 1, incorporation treatments included three particle sizes (PS: coarse =4∼6.35 mm, medium =2∼4 mm, and One : less than 2 mm in diameter) and two incorporation rate (IR: 10 and 20%). Wear treatments were applied 30 passes per day by compactor weights being 60 kg with soccer shoes. Topdressing treatments included three PS and two topdressing depth (TD: 5 and 10 mm). Wear treatments were the same as described in Exp 1. In Exp 1, the treatment with medium PS+IR 20 resulted in the tendency to have high total clipping yield. There was no significant difference in clipping yield, turfgrass visual color, coverage, and root length among the treatments. Compared to control, tissue Zn levels increased about 6.5-fold by the treatments. The treatment with fine PS +IR 20 caused a less peak deceleration than coarse PS +IR 10. Total porosity, air-filled porosity, and capillary porosity increased with fine PS +IR 20. In Exp 2, compared to controls, however, there was a difference in turfgrass visual color after the termination of traffic treatment. There was no difference in root length. The treatment with fine PS + TD 10 resulted in the highest total clipping yield. As a result of soil physical analysis, soil penetration resistance was reduced by the treatments. The treatment with coarse PS resulted in a less peak deceleration than fine PS. In conclusion, turfgrass growth was increased by crumb rubber incorporation which enhanced soil physical properties. The crumb rubber topdressing was able to cushion the crown tissue area while still providing a smooth and uniform surface, improve overall turfgrass quality, and reduce compaction.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.463-486
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• 1995

The effect of moistening and air-drying of acid-conditioned dentin before priming on the formation of resin-dentin hybrid zone was investigated, Freshly extracted human molars were used and divided at random into 5 groups, Groups 1 - 3 consisted of specimens conditioned with 10 % phosphoric acid for 20 seconds; Group 1 served as a control in which the conditioned dentin was simply blot-dried with a damp facial tissue; Group 2 was air dried for 30 seconds ; Group 3 was air dried for 30 seconds and immediately remoistened for 10 seconds with air-water syringe. and then the specimen was blot-dried with a damp facial tissue. Groups 4-5 were not acid conditioned ; In group 4, the smear layer on the dentin was blot dried before primer placement; Group 5 was air dried only for 30 seconds, The acetone-based primer and bonding agent of All Bond 2 (Bisco. Inc., USA) and composite resin (Z-100, 3M Dental products, USA) were applied for acid conditioned dentin and non-conditioned dentin. The morphologic ultrastructure of resin-dentin hybrid zone was examined by the use of SEM and TEM. and the existence of inorganic material and analysis of Ca/P weight-percent ratio in the resin-dentin hybrid zone were revealed by the EDAX, The results were as follows : 1. In the moistened specimens from acid-conditioned groups, the resin penetrated about 3-$4{\mu}m$ into dentin and the denatured collagen smear layer was not present at the surface. The resin tag was formed to a thickeness of 3-$4{\mu}m$ at the upper part of dentinal tubule and compactively connected to each other by means of many lateral branching. 2. In the air-dried specimens from acid-conditioned groups, the resin penetrated about 2.0-$2.5\;{\mu}m$ into dentin and an upper thin black layer to a thickness of 30-35nm was identified between adhesive resin and demineralized collagen layer. The resin tag to have a diameter of $2.5{\mu}m$ was formed at the upper part of dentinal tubule. However the funnel shape of the tag was not notable compared to the moistened specimens. 3. In the remoistened specimens from acid conditioned groups, the resin penetrated about 2.0-$2.5{\mu}m$ into dentin and an upper black layer was not present. The resin tag at the upper part of dentinal tubule was formed less than $2{\mu}m$ and was weakly connected to each other by means of few lateral branching. 4. In the non-conditioned groups, the smear layer was formed to a thickness of $0.5{\mu}m$ at dentin surface. However, the resin-dentin hybrid zone was not identified by TEM. The evidence of resin penetration into intertubular and intratubular dentin did not show. 5. All the acid-conditioned groups showed that the detected calcium and phosphorus weight percent ratios at the $2{\mu}m$ upper portion from the resin-dentin interface into the resin were much higher than that at the $2{\mu}m$ lower portion from the resin-dentin interface to dentin. (P<0.01).

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.175-178
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• 2006

Pulsed dye laser(PDL) is originally designed for the treatment of vascular lesions but also effective in improving the quality and appearance of surgical scars. Recently, 595nm Pulsed dye laser(V-beam laser), which has the advantage of deeper tissue penetration and lesser amount of purpura, is spotlighted as a new option for the treatment of surgical scar. The authors treated a surgical scar of a female patient with V-beam laser for 3 times between 4 and 12 weeks after surgery. Subjective satisfaction was improved with visual analogue scale (VAS) and objective improvements were found in parameters of vascularity, pliability and height with Vancouver Scar Scale(VSS). We report the effectiveness of V-beam laser in surgical scar of Asian patient and plan the prospective study with larger scale.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.239-249
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• 2002

Embryos derived from pig oocytes matured in mSOF are able to develop to blastocysts after IVF. Experiment 1 evaluated the effects of two maturation media (TCM-199 vs mSOF) on maturation rate, fertilization parameters, including penetration, polyspermy, male pronuclear formation, and the mean number of sperm penetrated per oocyte. Experiment 2 and Experiments 3 examined the effects of two maturation media on zona pellucida solubility and cortical granule distribution by transmissible electron microscopy, respectively. Experiment 4 assessed the effects of two maturation media on the in vitro embryo cleavage rate and development to blastocyst. Lastly, experiment 5 examined the cell number of blastocyst. An effect of media (P<0.05) was detected for mSOF on the mean number of sperm per oocyte. In TCM group, zona digestion time (196.5$\pm$15.5 vs 131.6$\pm$20.1 before IVF, 397.5$\pm$30.3s vs 185.3$\pm$16.4s after IVF, p<0.05) was higher in TCM-199 group. No significant effects of media was observed on cortical granule distribution between two groups by TEM. An effect (P<0.05) was observed on embryo development to blastocyst (16% vs 8%) but not on cleavage rates. No significant effects of media was observed on total cell number of blastocyst. We found that the high mean number of sperm penetrated per oocyte and the weaker zona pellucida on the basis of the digestion time was shown in pig oocytes matured in mSOF, however, porcine oocyte maturation with supplemented synthetic oviduct fluid medium (mSOF) resulted in blastocyst cell numbers comparable to those observed with Tissue Culture Medium 199.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.139-145
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• 1998

In the present study, effects of interleukin-2 (IL-2), a differentiator and proliferator of T-cells, on nuclear maturation and sperm penetration of bovine oocytes was examined in a serum-free or serum-containing medium. Basic medium was used TCM-199 supplemented with 2.2g / ι sodium bicarbonate, 100 i.u. /rnl penicillin. 100$\mu$g /ml streptomycin, 0.25$\mu$g/ml Fungizone, this medium treated with FCS and IL-2. In experiment 1, we examined the effect of the addition of 0, 1, 5, 10 or 15nM /ml IL-2 to tissue culture medium (TCM-199) on nuclear maturation of oocytes Development of oocytes to the Metaphase II (M II) stage (%) was significantly (P<0.05) higher at 1, 5,10 and 15 nM /ml IL-2(54.2, 73.5, 80.0 and 69.6%, respectively) than at 0 nM /ml IL-2(35.7%). In experiment 2, we examined the effect of the addition of l0nM /ml IL-2 or 5% FCS in oocyte maturation. Nuclear maturation rates were significantly(P<0.05) higher l0nM /ml IL-2(80%) than non-treatment(35.7%) and 5% FCS(63.6%) treatment. On the other hand, there were no significant difference in the proportion of oocytes developed to the 2-cell stage after addition of IL-2 and/or FCS. These results suggest that IL-2 supports nuclear maturation of bovine immature oocytes in vitro. Serum-free maturation system using IL-2 might be useful for evaluation of various factors on oocyte maturation.