• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.199-206
• /
• 1982

Histological changes occurred by freezing storage and subsequent thawing, and changes of muscle fiber after heating and drying of the eel (Anguilla japonica) were observed under microscope . The results are as follows : (1) After one month of freezing storage the muscular tissue produced considerable number of extracellular and intracellular ice crystals. The sample stored at the temperature of $-40^{\circ}C$ produced ice crystals inside the muscle cells while sample stored at $-20^{\circ}C$, outside. (2) No changes were observed in the hypodermic fat after thawing regardless of storage temperature, while insufficient recovering of muscle cells were detected in the muscular tissue. Muscular tissues which have been stored $-20^{\circ}C$ showed severe change in shape due to dehydration. (3) Microscopic observation on muscle homogenate showed loss of transparency due to free-zing, disfiguration and contraction by drying and water seperation, and elasticity by heating.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.8-14
• /
• 2008

Elbow joint injuries during exercise mostly occur by repeated stress to the joint than direct trauma. A pitcher who uses his arm above his head is most likely to be injured. So learning the right way to exercise and gaining the strength by maturating the body are essential for diminishing the chance of injury. On lateral ulnar tendon injury, which is most commonly injured area on elbow joint, pitchers generally complain of pain in arm movement above head and reduction of velocity, accuracy, and number of pitching. When there is pain on upper arm in harsh using, the stress fracture must be thought and epicondylar physis fracture of medial arm can occur by repeated abduction stress and contraction of flexors on forearm on children with immature skeleton. Osteochondritis dissecans of capitullum occur in young athletes who use there upper limb continuously lifting weights and gym work. And stress of abduction-extension includes damage of soft tissue and bone components, post medial crush syndrome, lateral ulnar ligament injury, extensor-abductor injury, stress of radius- capitullum are in this category.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.267-275
• /
• 1989

This is a report of cases that post-operative orocutaneous through & through open wounds are healed & closed by wound contraction if soft tissue drainage was well established, which seldom is interfered with by local or systemic abnormalities. Authors also found that the localization & seguestration of infected mandible are far better performed by natural mechanisms than by cutting across involved bone.

• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.84-87
• /
• 1998

Cassia fistula commonly known as Sundali was selected to evaluate its wound healing potentials based on traditional use and literature references. Methanol extract of C. fistula leaves were examined for its wound healing property in the form of an ointment in two types of wound models in rats: i) Excision wound model and ii) Incision wound model. The ointment of the leaf extract of two different concentrations (5% and 10% w/w ointment of leaves extract in simple ointment base) responded significantly in both models of wounds tested. The results were also comparable to that of standard drug, nitrofurazone in terms of wound contraction ability, epithelisation period, tensile strength and regeneration of tissue at wound area.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.295-301
• /
• 1983

Among the many protein modifications methylation is being investigated actively with regard to bacterial chemotaxis, gene regulation, muscle contraction, cytochrome c methylation, and the synthesis of the acyl transporter, carnitine. In this study the activities of protein methylase I, II, and III in pancreatic tissues of rat, mouse, and guinea pig were examined. Furthermore, the effect of cholinergic agents on the activity of protein methylases in pancreatic fragment of guinea pig was also examined in order to test the relationship between protein methylation and pancreatic secretion. The results are as follows. 1) The activities of protein methylases were generally high in pancreatic tissues of guinea pig and mouse but low in the tissue of rat. 2) The cholinergic stimulants, acetylcholine and carbachol at a concentration of $10^{-5}M$ decreased the activities of protein methylase I, II, and III compared with unstimulated control. 3) The inhibitory effect of the cholinergic stimulant on the activities of protein methylases was not blocked by atropine at a concentration of $10^{-5}M$.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.129-132
• /
• 1995

Intravenous administration of O-acetyliervine (an alkaloid from Vertrum album) produced a dose-dependent (10-100 .mu.g/kg) fall in blood pressure and tachycardia in anaesthetized normotensive rats. Pretreatment of animals with propranolol (1mg/kg) abolished these cardiovascular responses of O-acetyljervine similar to that of isoprenaline $(1\mu/ml)$. In isolated tissue experiments, O-acetyljervine $(10-100\mu/ml)$ produced a dose-dependent relaxation of phenylephrine-induced contraction of the rabbit aorta. In guinea-pig spontaneously beating atria, it caused positive inotropic and chronotorpic responses in a dose-dependent fashion $(10-100\mu/ml)$. These responses were abolished in the presence of propranolol $(1\mu/ml)$ similar to that of isoprenaline. These results indicate that O-accetyljervine is adrenoceptor stimulant $(\beta_1\; and\;beta_2)$ like isoprenaline.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
• /
• v.10 no.12
• /
• pp.1164-1171
• /
• 2004

A new multi-scale simulation model is proposed to analyze heart mechanics. Electrophysiology of a cardiac cell is numerically approximated using the previous model of human ventricular myocyte. The ion transports across cell membrane initiated by action potential induce an excitation-contraction mechanism in the cell via cross bridge dynamics. Negroni and Lascano model (NL model) is employed to calculate the tension of cross bridge which is closely related to the ion dynamics in cytoplasm. To convert the tension on cell level into contraction force of cardiac muscle, we introduce a simple geometric model of ventricle with a thin-walled hemispheric shape. It is assumed that cardiac tissue is composed of a set of cardiac myocytes and its orientation on the hemispheric surface of ventricle remains constant everywhere in the domain. Application of Laplace law to the ventricle model enables us to determine the ventricular pressure that induces blood circulation in a body. A lumped parameter model with 7 compartments is utilized to describe the systemic circulation interacting with the cardiac cell mechanism via NL model and Laplace law. Numerical simulation shows that the ion transports in cell level eventually generate blood hemodynamics on system level via cross bridge dynamics and Laplace law. Computational results using the present multi-scale model are well compared with the existing ones. Especially it is shown that the typical characteristics of heart mechanics, such as pressure volume relation, stroke volume and ejection fraction, can be generated by the present multi-scale cardiovascular model, covering from cardiac cells to circulation system.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.210-217
• /
• 1996

Farfarae Flos, a traditional herb medicine, has been used in Korea and China for many centuries as a treatment for respiratory disease. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of Farfarae Flos on histamine-induced tracheal smooth muscle contraction in rats. Guinea pigs(500g, female) were killed by CO2 exposure and a segment (8-10mm) of the thoracic trachea from each guinea pig was cut into equal segments and mounted 'in pairs' in a tissue bath. Contractile force was measured with force displacement transducers under 0.5g loading tension. The dose of histamine which evoked 50% of maximal response (ED50) was obtained from cumulative dose response curves for histamine (10-7-10-4M). Contractions evoked by histamine(ED50) were inhibited significantly by Farfarae Flos. The mean percent inhibition was 8.7% after 1.5mg/ml Farfarae Flos, and 33.5% (p<0.05) after 5.0mg/ml Farfarae Flos. Propranolol (10-7M) slightly but significantly attenuated the inhibitory effects of Farfarae Flos. Following treatment with propranolol, the mean percent inhibition caused by 5.0mg/ml Farfarae Flos. Indomethacin and methylene blue (10-7M) did not significantly alter the inhibitory effect of Farfarae Flos. These results indicate that Farfarae Flos can relax histamine-induced contraction of guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle, and that this inhibition involves, in part, symphathetic nerve system.

• Herbal Formula Science
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.123-134
• /
• 2017

Wounds are commonly created during almost every kind of surgery, trauma and skin diseases. Delayed wound healing affects a plenty of patients and requires prolonged treatments that seriously reduce the quality of life for patients. Skin damage involving large areas or great severity can lead to disability or even death. Wound healing involves a complicated series of actions, of various tissues and cell lineages, concerning inflammation, migration, proliferation, reepithelialization, and remodeling. Sopung-san is reported to have anti-inflammatory effect and has been used for various skin diseases such as allergic dermatitis and atopic dermatitis. In this study, the hypothesis that oral treatment with Sopung-san could enhances healing potential on rat full thickness skin wounds was tested. Twenty young male Sprague-Dawley rats were used for the studies. A full-thickness skin wound was made on the dorsal skin of the rats. Either Sopung-san water extract (SPS) or saline (Control) was orally administrated every day. The wound area was measured and the percentages of wound contraction, wound healed and wound epithelization were calculated. Wound tissue samples were excised following injection for histopathological and immunohistological examination. Wound area in rats of SPS group significantly was decreased compared to Control. SPS group showed significant promotion of wound healing compared to Cotrol group in the percentages of wound contraction, wound healed and wound epithelization. Histopathological examination revealed that SPS induces neo-vascularization potential in wound healing process. SPS treatment in rats significantly accelerated cutaneous wound healing in the neo-vascularization process by increasing VEGF and $TGF-{\beta}1$ synthesis. The results suggest that Sopung-san affects key cellular processes responsible for wound repair and point to a unique potential for this molecule in the therapy of skin wounds, particularly as an angiogenic agent.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.383-390
• /
• 2009

To investigate the regulatory mechanism underlying the contractile response in the intestinal smooth muscle of the nile tilapia (Orechromis niloticus), we used pharmacologic and molecular approaches to identify the muscarinic subreceptors and the intracellular signaling pathways involved in this motility. Myography assays revealed that an M1- and M3-subtype selective antagonist, but not a M2-subtype selective antagonist, inhibited carbachol HCl (CCH)-induced intestinal smooth muscle contraction. In addition, a phospholipase C inhibitor, but not an adenylate cyclase inhibitor, blocked the contractile response to CCH. We also cloned five muscarinic genes (OnM2A, OnM2B, OnM3, OnM5A, and OnM5B) from the nile tilapia. In the phylogenetic analysis and sequence comparison to compare our putative gene products (OnMs) with the sequences obtained from the near complete teleost genomes, we unexpectedly found that the teleost fish have respectively two paralogous genes corresponding to each muscarinic subreceptor, and other teleost fish, except zebrafish, do not possess muscarinic subreceptor M1. In addition, the expression pattern of the nile tilapia muscarinic subreceptor transcripts during CCH-induced intestinal smooth muscle contraction in the proximal intestinal tissue was analyzed by real-time PCR surveys and it was demonstrated that CCH increased the OnMs mRNA expression rapidly and transiently.