• 제목/요약/키워드: Tissue Engineering

검색결과 1,847건 처리시간 0.044초

국내 배추와 중국 유래 청경채의 영양성분 비교 (Nutritional Evaluation and Comparison of New Pak Choi Cultivars from China with Chinese Cabbage Cultivars Popular in Korea)

  • 간치맥;조만현;다바잘갈;함인기;이은모;이왕희;임용표;안길환;박종태
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제42권9호
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    • pp.1412-1418
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    • 2013
  • 본 연구는 중국유래 14 품종 청경채의 영양적 특성을 평가하고자 수행되었다. 14종의 신규 청경채(Brassica rapa L. ssp. chinensis)를 대표적인 국산 배추(Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis) 4 품종과 함께 2008년 충남 예산에서 재배하여 수확한 후 녹색 부위와 백색 부위로 나누어 부위 별 각종 영양 성분 분석을 수행하였다. 청경채의 수분 및 회분함량은 배추에 비교하여 유의적 차이가 없었으나 수분은 백색 부위에서, 회분은 녹색 부위에서 높게 나타났다. 전체적인 무기염류 함량은 배추에 비하여 청경채가 높은 것으로 측정되었는데 특히 녹색 부위의 함유량이 유의적으로 높은 것으로 드러났다. 특히 현대인의 건강에 매우 중요한 Ca과 Mg의 함유량은 청경채(Ca녹색: 2.57, Ca백색: 2.04; Mg녹색: 0.422, Mg백색: 0.301 mg/g 신선물 기준)가 배추(Ca녹색: 0.805, Ca백색: 0.477; Mg녹색: 0.244, Mg백색: 0.101 mg/g 신선물 기준)에 비하여 매우 높았다. 환원당의 함량은 청경채와 배추가 유사한 값을 나타내었고 색에 따른 유의적 차이도 없었다. 펙틴은 부위에 따른 차이는 있으나 청경채에서 그 함량이 높게 나타났고, 식물 조직의 경도에 영향이 큰 셀룰로오스의 함량은 청경채가 약 4배 이상 배추보다 높았다. 비타민 C와 E 함량은 청경채와 배추가 유사한 것으로 측정되었다. 위와 같이 청경채는 영양적으로 매우 우수하여 소비자들에게 권장할 만한 매일 섭취해야 할 주요 채소작물의 하나로 손색이 없음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 청경채는 국내 배추의 품질 향상을 위한 육종 소재로서도 활용가치가 높을 것으로 사료된다.

불소 바니쉬 도포 후 초기 치근 우식 발현에 대한 정량원소분석 (Elemental analysis of the fluoride varnish effects on root caries initiation)

  • 박세은;이기욱;김혜영;손호현;장주혜
    • Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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    • 제36권4호
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    • pp.290-299
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    • 2011
  • 연구 목적: 우식 저 위험군에서 저 농도 불소 바니쉬가 초기 치근 우식 예방 및 치료에 미치는 영향을 검증하고자 한다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 건전한 하악 소구치 10개를 준비하여 치관부를 제거하고 협설, 근원심 방향으로 치아 장축에 평행하게 절단 후 백악-법랑질 경계부 4 mm 하방에서 절단하여 40개의 시편을 제작하였다. 각각의 치근 표면에 형성된 4 mm ${\times}$ 1 mm 크기의 창에 Fluor Protector (1,000 ppm 불소 함유)를 도포하였다. 한 치아에서 나온 4 개의 시편을 다음과 같은 4개 실험군에 각각 배정하였다. A군: pH cycling 없이 불소 바니쉬 도포; B군: pH cycling시행 후 불소 바니쉬 도포; C군: 불소 바니쉬 도포 후 pH cycling시행; D군: pH cycling을 시행한 뒤 불소 바니쉬 도포 후 pH cycling 재 시행. 시편을 정중부에서 절단하고 단면 부위를 연마한 뒤 전자현미경으로 표면을 관찰하였다. X선 분광분석을 통하여 Ca과 P의 중량 비를 측정하고 공 초점 레이저 현미경으로 바니쉬가 도포된 치근 면을 관찰하였다. 결과: 치근 표면에는 평균 12.3 (2.6) ${\mu}m$ (single cycling) 과 19.6 (3.8) ${\mu}m$ (double cycling) 깊이의 우식이 형성되었다. 표층의 칼슘 함량은 정상 치근에 비해 유의할만한 차이가 없었으나(p > 0.05), 표층 하 탈회 영역의 칼슘 함량은 유의할만하게 감소하였다(p < 0.05). 불소 바니쉬의 적용은 건전한 치근이나 초기 우식이 있는 치근에 적용했을 경우 모두에서 유의할만한 차이를 가져오지 않았다(p > 0.05). 바니쉬의 치근 상아질 투과 깊이는 표면 15 ${\mu}m$ 이내에 한정되었다. 결론: 표층이 건전한 20 ${\mu}m$ 이내의 초기 치근 우식 병소의 양상과 산 공격에 대한 변화를 관찰한 결과, 저 농도의 불소 바니쉬를 단기간 적용하는 것은 치근의 탈회 반응에 영향을 주지 못하였다.

막걸리와 막걸리 침전물이 간 독성 및 혈청 지질함량에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Makgeolli and Makgeolli precipitate on Hepatotoxicity and Serum Lipid Content in Rats)

  • 김보경;강민숙;전명정;이상현;김미향
    • 생명과학회지
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    • 제23권2호
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    • pp.282-289
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    • 2013
  • 본 연구에서는 막걸리 원액의 간 조직에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위해 에탄올을 대조군으로 하여 막걸리를 투여한 실험동물의 간 지표 효소 활성을 비교 분석하였고, 다음으로 실험동물에 사염화탄소로 간 손상을 일으킨 후 알코올 이외의 성분에 의한 막걸리 효능을 검토하기 위해 알코올 성분을 제거하고 얻은 침전물을 투여하여 혈청 중의 효소활성 및 지질농도분석을 통하여 간 손상에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 실험기간 중의 건강상태를 나타내는 지표라 할 수 있는 실험 동물의 체중 증가량은 에탄올 투여군은 대조군 및 막걸리 투여군에 비하여 전체적으로 낮게 나타났다. 한편 장기 무게에서는 간 조직의 중량이 에탄올 투여에 의해 유의적으로 감소하는 결과가 나타났으나 막걸리 투여에 의한 감소는 보이지 않았다. 혈청 AST 및 ALT의 경우 막걸리 투여에 의해 오히려 그 활성이 감소하였으나, 에탄올 투여에 의해 그 활성이 증가하여 알코올 자체가 간 조직의 병변에 영향을 준 것으로 추측된다. 혈중 콜레스테롤 함량은 에탄올 투여군에서 혈중 콜레스테롤 함량이 증가하였고, 막걸리 투여군인 MG3군은 동량의 에탄올 투여군에 비해서 콜레스테롤 함량이 감소하는 결과가 나타나, 막걸리 중의 알코올 이외의 성분에 의해 콜레스테롤 증가를 감소시켰음을 알 수 있었다. 혈청 중 HDL-cholesterol 함량은 막걸리 투여로 인해 유의적으로 증가하여 막걸리가 혈중 HDL-chloesterol을 상승시키는 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 사염화탄소에 의해 유도된 간 독성에 막걸리 침전물이 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 정상군의 AST 및 ALT활성에 비해 사염화탄소에 의하여 간 독성이 유발된 $CCl_4$군의 혈중 AST 활성이 증가되었고, 생막걸리 침전물을 투여한 경우, AST 및 ALT 활성이 정상군의 수준까지 회복되지는 못하였으나, 사염화탄소 투여군에 비해 유의적으로 감소하는 결과가 나타났다. 사염화탄소 투여에 의해 증가한 혈중 콜레스테롤 함량은 생막걸리 침전물 투여에 의해 정상군 수준으로 감소하였으나, 가열막걸리의 침전물을 투여한 경우 정상군 수준으로 회복되지 못하였다. HDL-cholesterol은 생막걸리 침전물 투여에 의해 사염화탄소 투여군 보다 증가하였다. 중성지질의 경우 사염화탄소 투여에 의해 증가되었으나 생막걸리 침전물 투여로 인해 감소하였다. 이상의 연구 결과 사염화탄소 투여로 상승된 혈청 지질은 막걸리 침전물을 투여한 경우 저하되었으며, 특히 가열막걸리보다 생막걸리 침전물을 투여했을 때 지질대사 개선효과가 우수한 것으로 나타났다.

한국산 도롱뇽(Hynobius leechii)의 농경지에서의 배 발생 이상과 살균제 Benomyl의 독성효과 (Developmental Abnormality in Agricultural Region and Toxicity of the Fungicide Benomyl on Korea salamander, Hynobius leechii)

  • 최영주;윤춘식;박주흥;진정효;정선우
    • 생태와환경
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    • 제35권3호통권99호
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    • pp.198-212
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    • 2002
  • 한국산 도롱뇽의 알주머니를 농경지에서 채집하여 그 길이와 배의 수에 대한 변이를 조사하였으며 배의 이상 발생 패턴과 조직학적 이상을 연구하였다. 아울러 비 농경지로부터 채집한 도롱뇽의 배에 살균제 benomyl을 처리하여 기형발생을 비롯한 독성효과를 밝혔다. 알주머니의 길이 변이 폭은 10${\sim}$23 cm이었으며 상대빈도가 가장 높은 것은 19cm길이였다. 알주머니 당 배의 수는7${\sim}$43개의 변이 폭을 나타냈으며 22${\sim}$26개 사이가 가장 빈번하게 나타났다. 조사된 층 144개의 알주머니, 3418개을 일으킨 배중에서 116개의 알주머니, 406개의 배에서 발생정지 또는 외형적 이상 발생을 일으킨 배가 나타났다. 외형적 이상발생은 미부형성부전, 외새형성부전, 복부수포 등 24종류의 발생이상 패턴으로 정리되었다. 그 중 외형상 심각한 이상을 보이는 개체들의 조직절편을 관찰한 결과 눈의 불완전 발달, 갑상선종, 중배엽성 체절의 불완전 발달, 부분적인 이 축 발생, 심장의 비정상 발달, 적혈구 감소증, 뇌의 붕괴와 장의 발달부진 등이 관찰되었다. 포배 또는 낭배 초기 단계에 있는 도롱뇽 정상 배에 12일 동안 200 nM${\sim}$ 1 ${\mu}$M의 benomyl을 처리하였으며 모든 배는 1 ${\mu}$M의 농도에서 치사되었다. Benomyl처리의 특징적인 이상은 머리의 발달이 부진하거나 전혀 나타나지 않는 것이며, 이러한 이상은 benomyl이 도롱뇽의 발생과정에서 신경계의 발달을 크게 저해한다는 것을 뜻하며 이러한 조직발달의 비정상 현상은 benomyl의 유사분열억제, tubulin중합의 저해, microtubule의 파괴 등과 같은 세포내 작용과 신경배형성, 신경습의 폐쇄, 신경제세포의 이동을 저해하는 작용에 의해 일어나는 것으로 생각된다.의 4종이었다.. 결과적으로, 조사기간 중 하계에 지속적으로 관찰된 DO와 pH가 감소하는 것은 수생부유식물의 번성과 수중 퇴적물의 분해에 따른 영향인 것으로 나타났다.낮게 나타났다. 정화효율과 수리학적조건간의 상관계수($R^2$)는 수리학적 체류시간과 0.016-0.731,일처리유량과는 0.015-0.868을 나타내었으며, 시간당 정화량과 수리학적 조건간의 상관계수($R^2$)는 수리학적 체류시간과는 0.173-0.763,일처리유량과는 0.209-0.770의 범위를 나타내었다. 정화효율과 수리학적 부하조건간의 상관계수($R^2$)Tt 0.5 이상을 나타내는 각 수생식물 습지별 수질항목은 체류시간과 일처리유량에 대해각각 20%,정화속도와 수리학적 조건간의 상관계수는 체류시간에 대해 53%, 일처리유량에 대해73%가 0.5이상을 보이고 있어 시간당 정화량과 수리학적 조건간의 상관관계가 정화효율과의 상관관계보다 좀더 유의성 있게 나타났다. 이것은 높은 수리학적 부하조건이 영양염류 등의 정화효율에는 크게 영향을 미치지 않음을 보여주고 있으며, 따라서 비교적 낮은 농도의 영양염류를 가지고 있고, 많은 처리수량을 요구하는 부영양화된 저수지의 수질개선을 위해서는 높은 수리학적 부하조건에서 시간당 정화량을 늘리는 관리방법이 경제적이며, 이에 초점을 맞추어 나가야 할 것으로 사료된다.도로 검출되어 이를 고려한정수공정의 관리가 필요하리라 생각된다.$yr^{-1}$)의 71%가 감소되어야 할 필요성이 제기되었다. 또한 여름철 심층 산소 고갈이 야기되었고, 이 시기에 퇴적물로 용출된 인이 식물플랑크톤 성장에 이용될 수 있기때문에 퇴적물에 대한 관리도 수행될 필요가 있다.rsity)지수는 2000년 7월에 2.22로 가장 높았으며, 생물량도 조사기간중 36,640 cells ${\cdot}\;mL^{-1}$로 가장 많았다.의 후기에 광(光)

참조기의 천연색소와 인위적으로 착색된 황색색소류 판별법에 관한 연구 (Studies on the Rapid Discrimination of Yellow Pigments Colored on Yellow Croakers and Natural Yellow Pigment of Croakers)

  • 김희연;홍진환;김동술;한상배;이은주;이정성;강길진;정형욱;송경희;박혜경;박종석;권용관;진명식;박희옥;오세화;신일식;이창국;박희열;하상철;조재선
    • 한국식품과학회지
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    • 제34권6호
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    • pp.977-983
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    • 2002
  • 식용색소 및 공업용 염료의 인공적 착색여부를 조사한 결과, 심황색소, 식용희석황색소, 마리골드색소, 식용황색 4호, 안나토색소, 카로틴색소는 유사한 색으로 착색되었으며 다른 색소는 착색되지 않았다. 물에 의한 추출시험에서는 참조기 색소와 식용색소황색 제4호는 물에서 용출되지 않았다. 착색 후 색소의 물성실험을 한 결과 물 젖은 가제수건이나 휴지로 색소부위 표피를 문지를 경우 참조기 색소는 표면에 전혀 묻어 나오지 않으나 인공적으로 착색된 색소의 경우에는 물에 의해 색이 뚜렷하게 묻어 나왔으며 참조기의 착색 부위 표피를 아세톤으로 추출할 경우 참조기 색소는 아세톤에 옅은 황색용액으로 추출되었다. 또한, 참조기의 색소처럼 물에 용출되지 않도록 염착이 가능한 공업적 합성염료인 반응성 염료와 분산염료의 착색거동에 대해 실험한 결과, 반응성 염료는 조기에 착색되지만 물 젖은 휴지로 착색부위를 문지를 경우 색소가 용출되었고, 아세톤에는 추출되지 않아 참조기 색소와는 쉽게 판별되었으며 분산염료는 염료가 고르게 착색되지 않고 염료가 입자를 형성하며, 물 적신 휴지로 색소부위를 문지를 경우 색소가 용출됨을 알 수 있었다. 카로틴색소(참조기 색소와 구조가 유사한 색소)와 azo염료의 산화 환원 반응에 따른 소색 반응에서는 산화반응에서 azo염료는 sodium percarbonate와 peracetic acid에서는 소색이 되지 않았으나, fenton시약에서는 1시간 후 소색되었고, sodium hypochlorite에서는 바로 소색되었다. 이에 비하여 카로틴색소는 sodium percarbonate 및 fenton시약에서는 소색되지 않았으나, sodium hypochlorite에서는 2시간 후 소색되었고, peracetic acid에서는 바로 소색되었다. 또한, sodium hydrosulfite, sodium carbonate를 사용한 환원반응시험에서는 azo염료는 소색되었으나, 카로틴색소는 소색되지 않았다. 이러한 결과를 통해 두 색소의 특징적 group을 제거할 때 나타나는 소색 결과를 토대로 진품참조기와 모조참조기의 판별에 이용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

Sensory Information Processing

  • Yoshimoto, Chiyoshi
    • 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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    • 제6권2호
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    • pp.1-8
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    • 1985
  • The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70$\pm$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32$\pm$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500, 550, 570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500, 550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100, 300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3, 000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

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소동물 폐종양의 정량적 개선을 위한 내부 움직임 평가 (Estimation of Internal Motion for Quantitative Improvement of Lung Tumor in Small Animal)

  • 유정우;우상근;이용진;김경민;김진수;이교철;박상준;유란지;강주현;지영훈;정용현;김병일;임상무
    • 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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    • 제22권3호
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    • pp.140-147
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    • 2011
  • 이 연구에서는 폐종양의 정량적 개선을 위하여 분자체를 이용하여 내부 움직임을 측정하고 평가된 데이터를 기반으로 소동물 PET 영상내의 폐종양을 국소화하고자 하였다. 소동물 폐 영역의 내부 움직임은 방사성물질을 흡착한 분자체를 이용하여 소동물 폐 영역에 부착함으로써 구현하였다. 폐 영역의 내부 움직임 표적으로 사용된 분자체는 약 37 kBq의 Cu-64를 흡착시켜 폐종양을 모사하였다. 소동물 PET 영상은 Siemens Inveon 스캐너를 이용하여 획득하였으며 외부 움직임 데이터는 트리거 생성 장치인 BioVet을 이용하였다. SD-Rat PET 영상은 $^{18}F$-FDG 37 MBq/0.2 mL을 미정맥으로 주사하고 60분 후 20분간 데이터를 획득하였다. 리스트모드 데이터의 각 선응답은 외부 트리거 장치에 의해 획득된 트리거신호를 이용하여 2 bin에서 16 bin으로 사이노그램을 획득하였다. 획득된 사이노그램 데이터는 OSEM 2D 알고리즘을 이용하여 4회의 반복으로 재구성하였다. 종양의 정량적 분석을 위한 PET 영상은 종양을 묘사한 분자체 영역에 관심영역을 설정하고 계수와 SNR 그리고 FWHM을 이용하여 평가하였다. 움직임 표적으로 사용된 분자체의 크기는 $1.59{\times}2.50mm$이었으며, 기준 영상으로 획득한 체외 분자체 수직 및 수평 FWHM은 $2.91{\times}1.43mm$이었다. 정적영상과 4 bin 그리고 8 bin 영상에서의 수직 FWHM은 각각 3.90 mm, 3.74 mm, 3.16 mm이었으며 수평 FWHM은 각각 2.21 mm, 2.06 mm, 1.60 mm이었다. 정적영상, 4 bin, 8 bin, 12 bin 그리고 16 bin의 계수 값은 각각 4.10, 4.83, 5.59, 5.38, 5.31이었다. 정적영상, 4 bin, 8 bin, 12 bin 그리고 16 bin의 SNR은 4.18, 4.05, 4.22, 3.89, 3.58이었다. FWHM은 게이트 수의 증가에 따라 계속 향상됨을 확인하였다. 그러나 계수 값과 SNR은 게이트 수의 증가에 따라 계속 향상되지 않고 특정 bin 수에서 가장 높은 값을 보여 소동물 폐 영역에서의 종양 영상화시 SNR의 손실을 최소화하면서 향상된 계수 값을 얻을 수 있는 게이트 수를 획득하였다. 내부 움직임 측정은 최적화된 종양 국소화 영상을 획득할 수 있으며 외부 움직임 모니터링 시스템을 사용하지 않고 장기별 움직임 예측 모델링을 위한 유용한 방법이 될 것으로 기대된다.