• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• v.1
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• pp.130-133
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• 2006

Three scatterometers will be launched by Europe, India, and China in the next few years and they will fly in tandem with QuikSCAT of the United States. The potential improvement in coverage will open up new operational and research applications.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Life Science Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.24.1-24.1
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• 2007

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• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.409-420
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• 2001

In this paper we establish a Fubini theorem for various analytic Wiener and Feynman integrals. We then proceed to obtain several integration formulas as corollaries.

• Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.59-64
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• 2020

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.752-757
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• 1999

Studies were made of digestion of timothy (Pheleum pretense) hay, tall fescue (Festuca elatior) hay, and rice (Oryza sativa) straw in pure cultures of rumen anaerobic fungus, Neocallimastix frontails MCH3. The fungus was inoculated on ground forages (1%, w/v) in an anaerobic medium and incubated at $39^{\circ}C$. Incubation was continued for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. The losses of dry matter, xylose and glucose of forage during incubation were determined at the end of these incubation periods. Xylose and glucose were considered to be released from xylan and cellulose, respectively. The digested xylan to digested cellulose (X/C) ratios of the substrate were calculated. Xylanase and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMCase) of culture supernatant and residual substrate was measured at the same time. The X/C ratios in the cultures on timothy hay and rice straw were greater than 0.5 in the first 24-h incubation period. The values were smaller than 0.3 in tall fesque. The ratio of xylanase activity to that of CMCase in the first 24-h incubation period correlated well with the traits in X/C ratio. However xylanase activity was still superior to CMCase in the following incubation period (48 to 96 h), although the glucose (designated as cellulose) was more intensively digested than xylose (designated as xylan). The production of these polysaccharidases appeared to correlate with substrate cell-wall sugar composition, xylose to glucose ratios, at the beginning of fast growing period.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.6.1-6.6
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• 2017

Background: This study was aim to observe the effects of feeding mixed local hay (MH) consisted of 55% orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata L.), 35% tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and 10% red clover (Trifolium pratense) to Hanwoo steers on performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality (longissimus thoracis) compared with feeding imported timothy hay (TH) and local rice straw (RS). Results: Although no significant effects were found on animal performance and carcass yield grade, the carcasses of MH group had higher marbling score and quality grade than those of RS and TH group (P < 0.05). Therefore, higher fat content (P < 0.001), lower shear force and hardness value in the beef of MH group than that of other groups were observed. Furthermore, the beef of MH group had higher CIE $a^*$ value (redness) than that of other groups and feeding MH to Hanwoo steers lowered n-6 to n-3 fatty acids ratio in beef. Conclusions: Mixed hay provided benefits on meat quality and could be used for Hanwoo fattening program.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.1564-1567
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• 2002

Influence of dietary sesame meal on plasma glucose, non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), triglyceride, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and urea concentrations in goats was examined. Goats were fed a control diet (50% timothy hay and 50% concentrates) (CD) or a sesame meal diet (50% timothy hay, 25% concentrates and 25% sesame meal) (SMD) during 12 days. Blood samples were taken after overnight fasting and afternoon every day. Body weight was not changed by feeding either CD or SMD. The concentrations of plasma triglyceride and urea were higher (p<0.05) in goats fed SMD than those fed CD. Plasma NEFA concentration was higher in plasma samples after overnight fasting. Plasma glucose concentration in plasma samples collected afternoon was higher than those after overnight fasting. Plasma total cholesterol concentration was significantly increased by feeding SMD but not by feeding CD, which was due to the remarkable increase of plasma HDL-cholesterol concentration. In conclusion, dietary sesame meal brought about an increase in plasma total cholesterol concentration accompanied with an increment in plasma HDL-cholesterol consentration in goats.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.236-243
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• 1991

A field experiment was conducted during the growing season of 1985 to determine the effects of slope orientation, north and south facing exposures and three different altitudes, 800, 1,000 and 1,200m a.s.1. on the dry matter yield, forage quality and botanical composition of alpine pasture. 1. Total dry matter yield of alpine pasture was influenced by slope orientation and altitude. An average forage yield of both exposures at 1,000m a.s.1. was 9,301kg/ha compared with 10,274kg/ha at 800m a.s.1. and the productivity express in relative percentage decreased by 9.5% per 200m attitudinal increase. 2. An average forage yield of both altitudes, 800 and 1,000m a.s.1. on the south facing exposure was 21.5% higher than that on the north exposure. 3. Crude protein concentration of forage grown on both exposures was lowest at 800m a.s.1. increasing gradually as the altitude increased, but crude fiber concentration decreaced in a manner opposite to that of crude protein. 4. Forage grown on the north facing exposure had a higher concentration of crude protein than that grown on the south facing exposure at the same altitude, but lower concentraion of crude fiber. 5. Orchardgrass and timothy were two main species on both exposures at 800m a.s.1. but timothy was only dominant species at 1,000 and 1,200m a.s.1. and performed well up to 1,200m a.s.1. in alpine area. The economic production limit of orchardgrass would be about 800m a.s.1. in the alpine pasture. 6. No soil property differences were found between the north and south facing exposures as well as three different altitudes in the alpine pasture. It seemed that the previous pasture fertilization of the experimental field completely overshadowed any soil property differences from slope orientation and altitude.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.901-916
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• 2017

This study was conducted to evaluate natural plant extracts for methane gas reduction in ruminants. Rumen fluid was collected from cannulated Hanwoo cow ($450{\pm}30kg$) consuming 400 g/kg concentrate and 600 g/kg timothy. The 15 ml of mixture comparing McDougall's buffer and rumen fluid in the ratio 2 to 1, was dispensed anaerobically into 50 ml serum bottles. Rumen fluid contents were collected and in vitro fermentation prepared control (timothy, 300 mg), ginseng, balloon flower, yucca plant, camellia, tea plant and ogapi extracts were added at the level of 5% against 300 mg of timothy as a substrate (v/w) and incubated for 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h. In vitro pH values range 6.55~7.41, this range include rumen titration. The dry matter digestibility was not differ between all treatments and control. Total gas emission was significantly higher (p<0.05) in ginseng and balloon flower treatments on 24 h than in control. Carbon dioxide emission was not differ all treatments on 9 h than in control and significantly higher (p<0.05) yucca plant, camellia and tea plant treatments on 12 h than control. Methane emission was not differ all treatments on 6 h than in control. The rumen microbial growth rate was significantly higher (p<0.05) in ginseng, balloon flower on 12 h and significantly higher (p<0.05) in ginseng, yucca plant, tea plant and ogapi treatments on 24 h than in control. Total VFA was significantly higher (p<0.05) in tea plant and ogapi treatments on 12 h than in control and significantly higher (p<0.05) in ginseng, balloon flower treatments on 48 h than in control. Acetic acid was significantly lower (p<0.05) in ginseng and balloon flower treatments on 24 h than in control. Propionic acid was significantly higher (p<0.05) in ginseng and balloon flower treatments on 48 h than in control. As a results, sixth natural plant extracts had no significant effect dry matter digestibility and negative on rumen fermentation, but not effect methane reduction.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.95-105
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• 2016

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of nitrate-rich plants extracts on the in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics and rumen methane production. The extracts of nitrate-rich plants, as potato, carrot, chinese cabbage, lettuce and spinach were used in this study. The ruminal fluid was collected from a cannulated Hanwoo cow fed concentrate and timothy in the ratio of 6 to 4. The 20mL of mixture, comparing McDougall's buffer and rumen fluid in the ratio 2 to 1, was dispensed anaerobically 50mL serum bottles containing 0.3g of timothy substrate and extracts of nitrogen-rich plants. The serum bottles were incubated 39℃ for 9, 12, 24, 48 hours. The pH value was decreased by increased incubation times and normal range to 6.31 to 6.96. The dry matter digestibility was significantly(p<0.05) lower in chinese cabbage than in control at 9h incubation time. Ammonia concentration was significantly(p<0.05) lower in potato, chinese cabbage, lettuce than in control and the rumen microbial growth rate was significantly(p<0.05) higher in carrot than in control at 24h incubation time. The concentrations of acetate and propionate was significantly(p<0.05) lower in treatment than in control. The concentration of butyrate was showed a different pattern depending on treatments. Total gas emissions was significantly(p<0.05) lower in chinese cabbage, lettuce, spinach than in control at 12h, 24h incubation time. Methane production was significantly(p<0.05) lower in potato, chinese cabbage, spinach than in control, carbon dioxide production was significantly(p<0.05) lower in treatment than in control. In conclusion, supplementation of the nitrate-rich plant extracts in ruminal fermentation in vitro resulted in decreasing the methane production without adversely affecting the fermentation characteristics. Particularly the chinese cabbage extract was regard as a potential candidate for reducing the methane emission in ruminants.