• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.30-37
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• 2012

선형 비틀림 구조를 갖는 메모리 시스템은 SIMD 구조에 적합한 메모리 시스템으로써, 2차원 데이터 배열인 $M{\times}N$에서 임의의 위치로부터 임의의 간격을 갖고 다양한 접근형태들로, m개의 메모리 모듈들에서 n개의 데이터를 동시에 접근할 수 있다. 그러나 이러한 메모리 시스템은 논리적인 2차원 $M{\times}N$ 데이터 배열을 지원하기 위해 $m{\times}cells$의 물리적인 메모리 용량이 필요하지만, 적어도 (m-n)${\times}cells$만큼의 메모리 셀은 사용되지 않는다. 여기서 cells는 (M-1)/q+(N-1)/$p{\times}{\lceil}M/q{\rceil}+1$이다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 메모리 시스템의 모든 기능들을 수용하면서 t>0인 조건 하에 사용되지 않는 메모리 셀들 중 $(n{\times}t){\times}N/p$ 만큼을 n개의 처리기들에 지역 버퍼 메모리로 제공할 수 있는 방법을 제안한다.

• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.675-682
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• 2014

The objective of this study was to examine the effects of auditory biofeedback training and kicking training on walking times in patients with hemiplegia to determine if the effects of such training would be maintained even after stopping the intervention. Thirty hemiplegia patients were selected and randomly assigned to a control group of 10 patients to receive general exercise treatment; an auditory biofeedback training group of 10 patients to receive auditory biofeedback training, along with general exercise; and a kicking training group to receive kicking training, along with general exercise. All the patients received their respective training 12 times in total, three times per week for four weeks. In addition, all those in the control and experimental groups received the same general exercise treatment 12 times in total, three times per week for four weeks, and underwent follow-up tests thereafter. The patients' 10m walking times were measured using a stopwatch. The significance was analyzed using repeated-ANOVAs. In cases where there were interactions between measuring times and groups, in each group were examined using repeated-ANOVAs. In cases where there were differences, post-hoc tests were conducted using repeated of contrast test. The 10m walking times of the control and experimental groups were significant differences in 10m walking times were shown between measurement times(p<.05), and significant differences in the interactions between measuring times and groups were shown between the groups(p <.05). However, no significant differences in 10m walking times were shown between the groups(p>.05). The auditory biofeedback training group showed significant decreases in walking times four weeks after the beginning of the intervention(p<.05) and significant increases eight weeks after the beginning of the intervention(p<.05). The kicking training group showed significant decreases in walking time four weeks after the beginning of the intervention(p<.05) and maintained the walking times without showing any significant differences eight weeks after the beginning of the intervention(p>.05). The walking speeds of only the kicking training group were maintained until eight weeks after the beginning of the intervention.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.121-127
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• 1969

Antimuscarinic agent like antispasmodic actions of licorice alkaloidal fraction, obtained from the Glycyrrhiza glabra L., was compared with that of atropine quantitatively. For this purpose, the author calculated the kinetic constants and $ED_{50}$ for acetylcholine antagonism by these drugs on rat ileum and guinea-fig ileum longitudinal muscle according to Paton's theoretical equations describing the combination of an antagonist drug with its receptors. The results are as follows. 1. On rat ileum. a) Licorice alkaloidal fraction $K_1$ (association rate constant)=$4.078{\times}10^2\;(s^{-1}\;gm^{-1}\;ml)$ $K_2$ (dissociation rate constant)=$6.986{\times}10^{-4}\;(s^{-1})$ $ED_{50}(K_2/K_1)=1.772{\times}10^{-6}(gm/ml)$ b) Atropine $K_1=5.136{\times}10^6$, $K_2=7.714{\times}10^{-4}$, $ED_{50}=1.408{\times}10^{-10}$ 2. On guinea-pig ileum longitudinal muscle a) Licorice alkaloidal fraction $K_1=1.30{\times}10^2$, $K_2=1.25{\times}10^{-3}$ $ED_{50}=9.58{\times}10^{-6}$ b) Atropine $K_1=5.75{\times}10^6$, $K_2=1.54{\times}10^{-3}$ $ED_{50}=2.68{\times}10^{-10}$ Above results present that 1 r of licorice alkaloidal fraction has equal fotency of acetylcholine antagonism with $8.5{\times}10^{-5}r$ of atropine on rat ileum, $2.8{\times}10^{-5}r$ on guinea-pig ileum longitudinal muscle. This facts suggest that the site and numbers of licorice alkaloid receptors of guinea-pig ileum are different from that of rat ileum. Besides, it also gives a suggestion that licorice alkaloidal fraction may be a partial antagonist on guinea-pig ileum in this experimental conditions.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2006

In order to improve the final product quality, tobacco industry has gradually decreased the size and number of steams in the cigarette. Especially, steams bigger than $3{\times}3$ mm($length{\times}thickness$) and $2{\times}10$ mm($width{\times}length$) are not acceptable in the process as objectionable stems. A total number of 12 samples where the $length{\times}tickness$ samples were prepared by decreasing the present sample ($3{\times}3$ mm) with 1 mm up to $1{\times}1$ mm, and the $width{\times}length$ samples were prepared by decreasing the present sample ($2{\times}10$ mm) with 2 mm up to $2{\times}6$ mm for the stems in leaf and stems in expanded cut-tobacco were prepared to apply a fire ball drop test using stems. In addition, cigarettes were produced for these stems in order to analyze the forced fire ball drop including the burning, encapsulation and unencapsulation pressure drop and a single or unspecified direction combustion. Based on the results of the test, it was evident that the fire ball drop in the stems in expanded cut-tobacco presented a lower level than that of the stems in leaf. Also, the stems in expanded cut-tobacco presented a larger swelling and higher burning for a single direction than that of the stem in leaf. In addition, it was considered that the management criteria for objectionable stems should be changed as $3{\times}3$ mm and $2{\times}8$ mm for the $length{\times}thickness$ and $width{\times}length$ sample, respectively, in both steams in leaf and expanded cut-tobacco.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2015

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate how well eye movement times in visual target selection tasks by an eye input device follows the typical Fitts' Law and to compare vertical and horizontal eye movement times. Background: Typically manual pointing provides excellent fit to the Fitts' Law model. However, when an eye input device is used for the visual target selection tasks, there were some debates on whether the eye movement times in can be described by the Fitts' Law. More empirical studies should be added to resolve these debates. This study is an empirical study for resolving this debate. On the other hand, many researchers reported the direction of movement in typical manual pointing has some effects on the movement times. The other question in this study is whether the direction of eye movement also affects the eye movement times. Method: A cursor movement times in visual target selection tasks by both input devices were collected. The layout of visual targets was set up by two types. Cursor starting position for vertical movement times were in the top of the monitor and visual targets were located in the bottom, while cursor starting positions for horizontal movement times were in the right of the monitor and visual targets were located in the left. Results: Although eye movement time was described by the Fitts' Law, the error rate was high and correlation was relatively low ($R^2=0.80$ for horizontal movements and $R^2=0.66$ for vertical movements), compared to those of manual movement. According to the movement direction, manual movement times were not significantly different, but eye movement times were significantly different. Conclusion: Eye movement times in the selection of visual targets by an eye-gaze input device could be described and predicted by the Fitts' Law. Eye movement times were significantly different according to the direction of eye movement. Application: The results of this study might help to understand eye movement times in visual target selection tasks by the eye input devices.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.187-191
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• 2011

An attempt was made to assess the potentiality of bivoltine double hybrids under simulated conditions of farmers to identify the suitable bivoltine double hybrid combination. Four bivoltine double hybrids developed at Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute (CSRTI), Mysore along with popular single hybrid, $CSR2{\times}CSR4$ as control was assessed for economic traits. The rearing results showed significant improvement of 20-24% in fecundity of the double hybrids studied over single hybrid. Among the double hybrids, $[D7{\times}S5]{\times}[D13{\times}S1]$ recorded significantly higher survival (89.58 %), cocoon yield (76.328 kg/ 50,000 eggs), cocoon price (Rs. 180.87/kg) and lower cocoon leaf ratio of 1: 21.80. The performance of the reeling traits were also found significantly superior in $[D7{\times}S5]{\times}[D13{\times}S1]$ with higher filament length (1100 m), reelability (88%), raw silk (18.55%) and neatness (92 points) compared to $CSR2{\times}CSR4$ and other double hybrids evaluated. Besides, the cocoons of $[D7{\times}S5]{\times}[D13{\times}S1]$ exhibit uniformity in size with a standard deviation of < 8. Overall data indicated the superiority of $[D7{\times}S5]{\times}[D13{\times}S1]$ compared to the other hybrids evaluated and it has profound influence in expressing the full potentiality in the field.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.148-152
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• 2018

지역 미세 환경의 패치는 식물의 공간적 분포에 일차적 요인이다. 식물의 공간적 양상을 결정한다는 귀무가설을 임의화 과정을 통해 검증하였다. 홀아비꽃대는 초본으로 홀아비꽃대과(Chloranthaceae) 홀아비꽃대속(Chloranthus)에 속한다. 홀아비꽃대의 공간적 양상을 여러 패치 지표로 분석하였고, 분산 지수에 따른 플롯 크기별 운집 분포, 균일분포, 공간적 상관관계를 분석하였다. 홀아비꽃대의 집단 밀도(D)는 0.356에서 2.270으로 평균은 1.527이었다. 아홉산 홀아비꽃대의 분산지표(C)는 작은 플롯($2m{\times}2m$, $2m{\times}4m$, $4m{\times}4m$, $4m{\times}8m$, $8m{\times}8m$, and $8m{\times}16m$)은 1보다 작았으며 큰 플롯($16m{\times}16m$ and $16m{\times}32m$)은 1보다 상회하였다. 따라서 홀아비꽃대의 운집지표(CI)는 작은 플롯에서 음의 값으로 균일한 분포를 이룬다. 큰 플롯의 운집지표는 양의 값으로 나타났으나 그 값은 높지 않았다. 평균 클라운딩($M^{\ast}$)과 패치지수(PAI)는 모든 플롯에서 양의 값을 보였다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.155-160
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• 1979

Lactic acid발효능이 있는 L. bulgaricus의 증식에 미치는 기계적 교반의 효과 및 동력학적 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) L. bulgaricus를 30시간 발효시켰을 때 세균의 농도는 액면변화가 적은 $N_{Re}=1\times10^5\~5\times10^5$ 범위에서는 2.4 UOD/ml로 동일 하였으며 $N_{Re}=1\times10^5\~1\times10^6$일 때 2.9UOD/ml로 가장 높은 값이었다. 2) 발효 30시간후 포도당의 잔량은 $N_{Re}=1\times10^5\~5\times10^5$범위에서 18g/l, $N_{Re}=1\times10^6$인 경우 8.3g/l였다. 3) 최대비증식속도$(\mu_{max})$는 $N_{Re}=1\times10^5\~5\times10^5$에서 $0.28hr^{-1},\;N_{Re}=1\times10^6에서 $0.58hr^{-1}이었다. 4) Saturation constant $(K_s)는 $N_{Re}=1\times10^5\~5\times10^5$ 3.44g/l, $N_{Re}=1\times10^6$에서 6.74g/l이었다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.21-24
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• 1998

서울 시내 산업체 단체 급식소 3곳에서 이용되는 플라스틱 용기, 행주, 도마, 식칼의 미생물 검사결과는 다음과 같았다. 플라스틱 용기의 표준 평판균수는 3곳 모두 1$\times$$10^{*}$ 5 (CFU/100 $cm^2$)으로 높게 나타났고, 대장균군 수는 두 급식소는 양호하나 한 급식소에서 2$\times$$10^1$(CFU/100$cm^2$)으로 높게 나타났다 전자현미경 관찰 결과 구균, 간균 형태의 박테리아가 많이 관찰되었다 행주의 경우는 표준 평판균수는 1$\times$$10^3$-1 $\times$$10^{*}$ 5 (CFU/100 $cm^2$)으로 3곳 모두 높게 나타났고, 대장균군 수는 한곳을 제외한 두곳에서 4$\times$$10^1$-6$\times$$10^1$(CFU/100 $cm^2$)으로 높게 나타났다. 식칼의 표준 평판균수는 1$\times$$10^3$-l$\times$$10^{*}$ 5 (CFU/300$cm^2$)으로 3곳 모두 높게 나타났고, 대장균군 수는 한곳을 제외한 두곳에서 2$\times$$10^1$-3$\times$$10^1$(CFU/100 $cm^2$)으로 높게 나타났다. 도마는 표준 평판균수가 1$\times$$10^{*}$ 5 (CFU/100 $cm^2$)으로 3곳 모두 높게 나타났고 대장균군 수는 한곳을 제외한 두곳에서 4$\times$$10^1$-9)$\times$$10^1$(CFU/100 $m^2$)으로 높게 나타나 기구류의 보다 철저한 위생관리가 요구되어졌다.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 1982

수도(水稻)의 숙기(熟期) 차이(差異)가 잡초(雜草)와의 경쟁력(競爭力)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 알기 위해 통일형(統一型) 품종중(品種中)에서 숙기(熟期) 차이(差異)가 약(約) 12일(日)인 통일(統一)과 영남조생(嶺南早生)을 공시(供試)하여 30${\times}$15cm, 40${\times}$(10${\times}$10cm), 10${\times}$10 cm의 재식거리(裁植距離)로 1980년(年) 농촌진흥청(農村振興廳) 영남작물시험장(嶺南作物試驗場) 시험포장(試驗圃場)에서 포장시험(圃場試驗)으로 실시(實施)하였던 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 무제초구(無除草區)의 잡초발생량(雜草發生量)은 두 품종(品種) 다같이 밀식구(密植區)인 10${\times}$10cm구(區)에서 가장 적었고 30${\times}$15 cm 구(區)와 40${\times}$(10${\times}$10 cm)구(區) 간(間)에는 차이(差異)가 없었다. 또한 제초방법간(除草方法間)에는 10${\times}$10cm구(區)에서만 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되지 않았고 30${\times}$15 cm구(區)와 40${\times}$(10${\times}$10 cm)구(區)에서는 무제초구(無除草區)의 잡초발생량(雜草發生量)이 월등히 많았다. 2. 벼 수량(收量)은 손 제초구(除草區)에서는 두 품종(品種) 다같이 재식거리간(裁植距離間)의 차이(差異)가 없었으나 무제초(無除草)의 경우에는 10 ${\times}$ 10cm 구(區)에서만 손제초구(除草區)와 수량차이(收量差異)가 없었고 40 ${\times}$ 15cm 구(區)와 40 ${\times}$ (10 ${\times}$ 10cm) 구(區)에서는 잡초발생(雜草發生)에 의(依)해 손제초구(除草區)보다 10a 당(當)100 kg 이상(以上) 감소(減少)되었다. 3. 수도(水稻) 수량(收量)과 잡초발생량(雜草發生量) 간(間)에는 두 품종(品種) 다 같이 고도(高度)의 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되었는데 (통일(統一); Y = 5.68 - 0.0127X, r=-0.814$^*$, 영남조생(嶺南早生): Y = 0.04 - 0.0134 X, r=-0.9704$^{**}$), 수량감소(收量減少) 정도(程度)는 조생종(早生種)인 영남조생(嶺南早生)이 통일(統一)보다 잡초발생(雜草發生)에 의(依)한 수량감소율(收量減少率)이 약간 높은 편이었는데 수량감소율(收量減少率)이 50% 예상(豫想)되는 잡초발생량(雜草發生量)은 영남조생(嶺南早生) 188.2 g/$m^2$, 통일(統一) 223.6g/$m^2$였다. 4. 이상(以上)의 결과(結果)로 미루어 보아 잡초(雜草)와의 경쟁력(競爭力)은 조생종(早生種)인 영남조생(嶺南早生)보다 숙기(熟期)가 이보다 약(約) 12일(日) 늦은 통일(統一)이 약간 높은 것으로 인정(認定)되었다.