• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.36
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• pp.281-302
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• 2014

Human beings have advanced to release instinctive desire. Among the human desires, sexual desire is classed as a basic desire with appetite and has been expressed in many ways from prehistoric times to present. Despite the social and ethical restriction, expression of sexual image has been evolved with change of time and medium's development. Thanks to inventing the photograph technique, Change of pornographic image has showed a dramatic aspect since early 20th century. The video which delivers message more directly than the picture boosted this change, and the animation has experimented the expression methods and techniques numerously exceeding the limit of realistic image which reappeared by the device. In this thesis, I want to discuss how human beings express sexual desire in animation based on society's sex culture, and analyzed Japanese pornographic animation as its obvious cases. Japanese pornographic animation should be interpreted as the result of culture and society system's history. Through Heian, Edo and early Meiji period, Japanese sex culture has been kept very openly and preposterously. Transformation, metamorphosis, pedophilia, tentacle sex and exposure of specific body parts that are frequently appear in Japanese animation can be interpreted by ancient Japanese open sex culture like Wakashu, polygamy, sleeping in mixed sex group and pederasty. These Japanese odd sex culture is hard to find elsewhere and settled as intrinsic sexual expression in Japanese animation. This situation was institutionally severed by European Modernization's force at the end of World War II in 20th century. However, it seems they have been keeping their influence in a proper form until now. In this study, I discussed that pornographic animation should be interpreted in a frame of cultural phenomenon by researching the series of procedure that ancient Japanese open sex culture has been changed by the system. Sexuality which is found in general Japanese animation was started from their history, and the dichotomous expression about women can be understood that it is bent by institutionally regulated sexual opinion. Japanese history and culture can be understood that it is transformed to the dichotomy that are simultaneously according freedom of eroticism to the pornographic animation, and the fear and irresistible temptation about the woman's body as the other.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.36
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• pp.441-471
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• 2018

East Coast Gut, Korean shamanism ritual on its east coastal area, is a Gut held in fishing villages alongside Korean east coastal area from Goseong area in Gangwon-Do to Busan area. East Coast Gut is performed in a series mainly by a successor shaman, Korean shaman, who hasn't received any spiritual power from a God, and the implications of this thesis lie in that we look over the learning aspects of Seokchool Kim shaman group among other East Coast Gut successor shaman groups after dividing it into 2 categories, successor shaman and learner shaman and based upon this, we reveal the meaning of the learning aspects of East Coast Gut. For successor shamans, home means the field of education. Since they are little, they chased Gut events performing dance in a series to accumulate onsite experiences. However, in the families of successor shamans that have passed their shaman work down from generation to generation, their descendents didn't inherit shaman work any longer, which changed the way of succession and learning of shaman work. Since 1980's, Gut has been officially acknowledged as a kind of general art embracing songs, dance and music and designated as a cultural asset of the state and each city and province, and at art universities, it was adopted as a required course for its related major, which caused new learner shamans who majored in shamanism to emerge. These learner shamans are taking systematical succession lessons on the performance skills of East Coast Byeolshin Gut at universities, East Coast Byeolshin Gut preservation community, any places where Guts are held and etc.. As changes along time, the successor shamans accepted the learner shamans to pass shaman work down and changes appeared in the notion of towners who accept the performer groups of Gut and Gut itself. Unlike the past, as Gut has been acknowledged as the origin of Korean traditional arts and as the product of compresensive learning on songs, dance and music and it was designated as a national intangible cultural asset, shaman's social status and personal pride and dignity has become very high. As shaman has become positioned as the traditional artist getting both national and international recognition unlike its past image of getting despised, at the site of Gut event or even in the relation with towners, their status and the treatment they get became far different. Even towners, along with shift in shaman groups' generation, take position to acknowledge and accept the addition of new learning elements unlike the past. Even in every town, rather than just insisting on the type or the event purpose of traditional Gut, they think over on the type of festival and the main direction of a variety of Guts with which all of towners can mingle with each other. They are trying to find new meanings in the trend of changing Gut and the adaptation of new generation to this. In our reality of Gut events getting minimalized along with rapid change of times, East Coast Gut is still very actively performed in a series until now compared to Guts in other regions. This is because following the successor shamans who have struggled to preserve the East Coast Gut, the learner shamans are actively inflowing and the series performance groups preserve the origin of Gut and try hard to use Gut as art contents. Besides, the learner shamans systematically organize what they learned on shamanism from the successor shamans and get prepared and try to hand it down to descendents in the closest possible way to preserve its origin. In the future, East Coast Gut will be succeeded by the learner shamans from the last successor shamans to inherit its tradition and develop it to adapt to the times.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 2016

The Child Occupant Safety Assessment was first introduced and carried out by Euro NCAP in 2003, with the goal of ensuring manufacturers to develop safe vehicles for passengers of all ages; the objective was to evaluate the safety and protection offered by different Child Restraint Systems (CRS) in the event of a crash. In 2013, the formerly used P child dummy series was replaced by newer and more biofidelic Q1.5 and Q3 child dummies, representing 1.5 and 3 year old children respectively. The frontal and side impact dynamic performances of the Q1.5 and Q3 were tested within all classes of vehicles assessed by Euro NCAP at the time. As an extension to that initiative, Q6 and Q10 child dummies were later developed representing children of 6 and 10 years old. Since the protection of larger children during vehicle crashes relies greatly on the interaction of vehicle restraint systems such as seat belt and the CRS, instrumented Q6 and Q10 dummies will be used to assess the protection offered in the event of front and side impact crashes. In this paper, we focused on injury criteria of Q6 and Q10 child dummies at 64 kph 40% offset frontal crash test. The whole procedure was designed with DFSS analysis. The full vehicle sled test results of both dummies were conducted with different restraint systems settled through previous sled test. It showed that several injury criteria and image data were collected as the result of the full vehicle sled test. Based on the results of these investigations, this paper describes which factor is most important and combination shows the best performance when evaluating rear seat occupant protection for Q6 and Q10 child dummies.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.34 no.2_1
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• pp.283-293
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• 2018

We applied PSInSAR to two SAR satellite (ALOS-1 and COSMO-SkyMed) images and analyzed the difference in displacement observation performance according to sensor characteristics. The building layer was extracted from the digital topographic map, and the PS extracted from the SAR image was classified into two groups(building structure and ground surface) for density analysis. The density of PS extracted from the research area was $0.023point/m^2$ for ALOS-1 PALSAR and $0.1point/m^2$ for COSMO-SkyMed, more than 4 times PS was extracted compared to ALOS-1. In addition, not only the PS density in the building, but also the density in the ground were greatly increased. The average displacement velocity of ALOS-1 PALSAR is within ${\pm}1cm/yr$, while for COSMO-SkyMed it is within ${\pm}0.3cm/yr$. Although it is difficult to make quantitative comparisons because it does not use the data for the same period, it can be said that the accuracy of X-band SAR system is very high compared to the L-band. In consideration of PS observation density and observation accuracy of displacement, X-band SAR data is very effective in research where it is important to acquire useful signals from the ground surface, such as ground subsidence and sinkhole.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.74-83
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• 1995

To estimate the parameters of a mathematical model of fishes' swimming behavior, the behavior in a experimental water tank was observed and analyzed using the video monitoring system. The tank was equipped with vertical circulation system, and measured $3,500L\;{\times}\;1,500B\;{\times}\;1,000H\;mm$ at flow channel and $1,200L\;{\times}\;900B\;{\times}\;500H\;mm$ at observational part. Rainbow trout, salmo gairdnerii were used as experimental fishes. Their swimming behavior in the tank was observed by the monitoring system, and the positions of every individual were checked at 0.5 second intervals by the image processing of recorded pictures for 5 minutes. The mean swimming speed calculated from the time series data of positions of every individual ranged from 2.5BL cm/sec to 2.9BL cm/sec at the stagnated flow. The mean swimming speed of 10 individuals in a school increased according to the flow speed. The mean swimming depth ranged from 17 cm to 38 cm even though it changed irregularly at the stagnated flow and gradually became stable according to the increase of flow speed. In the present study, the mean distance of individuals from wall of the tank varied from 17.6cm to 21.4cm. The mean distance between the nearest individual varied from 0.4BL cm to 0.7BL cm when 10 individuals in a school were observed. The mean dimension of fish schools became enlarged in all directions according to increase in the number of individuals, and as flow speed increased the horizontal dimension of fish schools expanded while their vertical dimension decreased.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.359-366
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• 2013

Background Pedicled transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flaps typically sacrifice the entire muscle. In our experience, the lateral strip of the rectus abdominis muscle can be spared in an attempt to maintain function and reduce morbidity. When the intercostal nerves are injured, muscle atrophy appears with time. The severed intercostal nerve was reinserted into the remnant lateral strip of the rectus abdominis muscle to reduce muscle atrophy. Methods The authors retrospectively reviewed 9 neurotized cases and 10 non-neurotized cases. Abdominal computed tomography was performed to determine the area of the rectus muscles. Electromyography (EMG) was performed to check contractile function of the remnant muscle. A single investigator measured the mean areas of randomly selected locations (second lumbar spine) using ImageJ software in a series of 10 cross-sectional slices. We compared the Hounsfield unit (HU) pre- and postoperatively to evaluate regeneration quality. Results In the neurotization group, 7 of 9 cases maintained the mass of remnant muscle. However, in the non-neurotization group, 8 of 10 lost their mass. The number of totally atrophied muscles in each of the two groups was significantly different (P=0.027). All of the remnant muscles showed contractile function on EMG. The 9 remaining remnant rectus abdominis muscles showed declined the HU value after surgery but also within a normal range of muscle. Conclusions Neurotization was found to be effective in maintaining the mass of remnant muscle. Neurotized remnant muscle had contractile function on EMG and no fatty degeneration by HU value.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.225-231
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• 2010

Transaction value of business-to-business(B2B) is composed of various factors for groups and time series. In this paper, we use the panel data for finding various variables and using this we analyse the factors that is major influence to transaction value of business-to-business. For analysis we looked at transaction value of business-to-business of 7 groups such as manufacturing industry, electric, gas and piped water industry, construction industry, retail & wholesale trade, traffic industry, publish, image; broad-casting & telecommunication and information service industry, etc. In our analysis we looked at the transaction value of business-to-business during the period from 2005.01 to 2009.12. We examined the data in relation to the transaction value of cyber shopping mall, company bond, composite stock price index, transaction value of credit card, loaned rate of interest in deposit bank, rate of exchange looking at the factors which determine the transaction value of business-to-business, evidence was produced supporting the hypothesis that there is a significant positive relationship between the transaction value of cyber shopping mall, composite stock price index and loaned rate of interest in deposit bank, rate of exchange. The company bond is negative relationship, transaction value of credit card is positive relationship and they are not significant variables in terms of the transaction value of business-to-business.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.352-352
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• 2017

Recently, the South Korean government encourages the cultivation of upland crops in the paddy field to maintain an adequate level of rice production and then to balance the demand and supply of rice. This is mainly because the rice consumption per capita per year has continued to decline from 135 kg in 1979 to 61.9 kg in 2016, although the rice production was relatively stable. As a result, the rice overproduction became a big social problem. As a part of that, various upland crops such as soybean, maize, minor cereals and forage crops are planted in the paddy field 10 years ago. The cultivation of these crops may settle the problem of short supply and mass import of the crops to some extent. However, a systematic remote observation of upland crops in the paddy field is very scarce. This study investigated the cultivation status of upland crops and any changes of crop harvesting in the paddy field by using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Also, we analyzed the kind of upland crops and cultivation area in the paddy field by utilizing time series observation images. A fixed wing UAV is used for the investigation. This is because it is easy to use the flight operation and to control flight management software, and it can automatically cope with various emergency states such as a strong wind and battery discharge. The material of UAV is expanded polypropylene, which has an advantage of less equipment damage and risk during takeoff and landing. We acquired observed images in Buljeong-myeon, Goesan-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea by using fixed wing UAV in 2015 and 2016. The total investigated area reaches 6,045 ha, and among them the agricultural area was 1,377 ha. For the next step, we created an orthoimage from all images taken using Pix 4D mapper program. According to the results of image analyses in 2015, the paddy field covered total 577 ha (75.9%) with crop plant. The cultivation area of beans, ginseng, maize, tobacco and peach was 256 ha (36.6%), 63 ha (9.2%), 37 ha (5.4%), 31 ha (4.5%) and 27 ha (3.8), respectively. And in 2016, the total covered area was 586 ha (77.1%), and it was comprised of 253 ha (35.5%), 88 ha (12.3%), 29 ha (4.1%), 22 ha (3.1%) and 32 ha (4.5%) in the same order. In this study, we focused on identifying the paddy field which was converted to the cultivation of upland crops by using UAV. And, it has been indicated that the cultivation area of rice decreased from 141 ha in 2015 to 127 ha in 2016, although that of ginseng increased by 25 ha. As a result, it is expected that a lot of paddy field could be replaced by high-income crops such as ginseng and fruit tree (peach) instead of relative low-income rice. More specific and widespread research on the remote sensing in the paddy field needs to be done.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.385-392
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• 2005

We developed an algorithm to efficiently detect streaks in survey images and made a performance test with YSTAR-NEOPAT images obtained by the 0.5m telescope stationed in South Africa. Fast moving objects whose apparent speeds exceed 10 arcsec/min are the main target of our algorithm; these include artificial satellites, space debris, and very fast Near-Earth Objects. Our algorithm, based on the outline shape of elongated sources employs a step of image subtraction in order to reduce the confusion caused by dense distribution of faint stars. It takes less than a second to find and characterize streaks present in normal astronomical images of 2K format. Comparison with visual inspection proves the efficiency and completeness of our automated detection algorithm. When applied to about 7,000 time-series images from YSTAR telescope, nearly 700 incidents of streaks are detected. Fast moving objects are identified by the presence of matching streaks in adjoining frames. Nearly all of confirmed fast moving objects turn out to be artificial satellites or space debris. Majority of streaks are however meteors and cosmic ray hits, whose identity is often difficult to classify.

• Korean Business Review
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.59-79
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• 2005

recently, world is progressing large quantity consumption with continuous Innovation and economic growth and pollution is accelerated at these process. Increase of industry activity and service that is point of corporation activity is discharging environmental pollutants at whole process to manufacture of end product and exhaust process from acquisition of raw material for accompanied product production hereupon. At the same time, being promoting resources consumption by that use much raw material, As a result, is becoming obstacle factors in sustainable development. So, corporation's responsibility for environmental protection is emphasized. Corporation which must prepare in green round or environmental problems should consider environmental effects that is happened over whole life of products that include waste treatment after raw material acquisition and use as well as selling end product simply. A Life Cycle Assessment techniques is normalized and standardized in International Standard Organization for technical committee 207(TC 207) world widely, and effort to apply in corporation's activity because mastering LCA techniques in domestic several corporations is undergone actively. Coming into effect of Kyoto's Protocol and International Organization for Standard 14000 series revision are presenting new survival principle in competition between country or corporation. LCA technique may become very useful means to corporation which wish to attempt environment management in real condition that awareness for environment is important. Also, An LCA to each product is going to cause big effects in corporation's whole image as well as competitive power raising for single product. Therefore, this research wishes to examine some instances for the future competitive product development at the estimation of environmental friendliness using LCA techniques and more theoretical considerations of the LCA techniques that can dominate corporation's fate.