• 대한전기학회논문지:시스템및제어부문D
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• 제54권9호
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• pp.521-530
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• 2005

In this paper, a new high resolution reflectometry scheme, time-frequency domain reflectometry(TFDR), isproposed to detect and estimate a fault in a transmission line. Traditional reflectometry methodologies have been achieved either in the time domain or in the frequency domain only. However, the TFDR can jump over the performance limits of the traditional reflectometry methodologies because the acquired signal is analyzed in time and frequency domain simultaneously. In the TFDR, the new reference signal and the novel TFDR algorithm are proposed for analyzing the acquired signal in the time-frequency domain. Because the reference signal of Gaussian envelop chirp signal is localized in the time and frequency domain simultaneously, it is suitable to the analysis in the time-frequency domain. In the proposed TFDR algorithm, the time-frequency distribution function and the normalized time-frequency cross correlation function are used to detect and estimate a fault in a transmission line. That algorithm is verified for real-world coaxial cables which are typical transmission line with different types of faults by the TFDR system composed of real instruments. The performance of the TFDR methodology is compared with that o( the commercial time domain reflectomeoy(TDR) experiments, so that concludes the TFDR methodology can detect and estimate the fault with smaller error than TDR methodology.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제65권7호
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• pp.1247-1251
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• 2016

This study aims to investigate the effect of sampling frequency to the time domain and frequency domain analysis of pulse rate variability (PRV). Typical time domain variables - AVNN, SDNN, SDSD, RMSSD, NN50 count and pNN50 - and frequency domain variables - VLF, LF, HF, LF/HF, Total Power, nLF and nHF - were derived from 7 down-sampled (250 Hz, 100 Hz, 50 Hz, 25 Hz, 20 Hz, 15 Hz, 10 Hz) PRVs and compared with the result of heart rate variability of 10 kHz-sampled electrocardiogram. Result showed that every variable of time domain analysis of PRV was significant at 25 Hz or higher sampling frequency. Also, in frequency domain analysis, every variable of PRV was significant at 15 Hz or higher sampling frequency.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.38-50
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 도선상에서 발생하는 결함 위치와 이상 유무를 감지하는 새로운 고분해능 반사측정법인 시간-주파수 영역반사측정법 (TFDR, Time-Frequency Domain Reflectometry)을 제안하였다. 고전적인 반사측정법들은 단지 시간 또는 주파수의 한 영역에서 분석되어져 왔으나, 본 논문에서 제시한 TFDR은 도선의 결함 위치와 이상 유무를 발견하기 위해 과도신호의 시간과 주파수 영역의 정보를 동시에 이용할 수 있는 시간-주파수 분석기법으로 특성화하였다. TFDR의 기준신호 설계는 측정 케이블의 물리적 성질들을 고려하여 주파수 밴드를 결정하며, 도선의 결함감지와 추정은 시간-주파수 상호상관관계 함수에 의해 이루어진다. TFDR 시스템을 이용하여 여러 결함 상태를 가진 실제 coaxial cable (RG-142, RG-400)에 대해 실험하였고 정확성을 입증하기 위해 TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry) 장비와 성능을 비교하였다. 본 논문에서는 TFDR이 TDR보다 작은 오차로 결함을 찾아냄을 나타내고 있으며, 측정된 정확도는 TFDR의 오차율이 0.5% 이하로 TDR (54750A/54754A) 장비보다 성능이 월등히 우수하다는 것을 알 수 있다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.1610-1629
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• 2021

Failures frequently occurred in manufacturing machines due to complex and changeable manufacturing environments, increasing the downtime and maintenance costs. This manuscript develops a novel deep learning-based method named Multi-Domain Convolutional Neural Network (MDCNN) to deal with this challenging task with vibration signals. The proposed MDCNN consists of time-domain, frequency-domain, and statistical-domain feature channels. The Time-domain channel is to model the hidden patterns of signals in the time domain. The frequency-domain channel uses Discrete Wavelet Transformation (DWT) to obtain the rich feature representations of signals in the frequency domain. The statistic-domain channel contains six statistical variables, which is to reflect the signals' macro statistical-domain features, respectively. Firstly, in the proposed MDCNN, time-domain and frequency-domain channels are processed by CNN individually with various filters. Secondly, the CNN extracted features from time, and frequency domains are merged as time-frequency features. Lastly, time-frequency domain features are fused with six statistical variables as the comprehensive features for identifying the fault. Thereby, the proposed method could make full use of those three domain-features for fault diagnosis while keeping high distinguishability due to CNN's utilization. The authors designed massive experiments with 10-folder cross-validation technology to validate the proposed method's effectiveness on the CWRU bearing data set. The experimental results are calculated by ten-time averaged accuracy. They have confirmed that the proposed MDCNN could intelligently, accurately, and timely detect the fault under the complex manufacturing environments, whose accuracy is nearly 100%.

• 대한전자공학회논문지
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• 제27권9호
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• pp.1456-1467
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• 1990

The time domain adaptive noise canceller (time domain ANC) with the adaptive compensator and its algorithm, so called compensated least mean squares(CLMS) algorithm, had been introduced to improve the performance of ANC[1]. In this paper the time domain ANC with the adaptive compensator is transformed into the frequency domain ANC with the adaptive ocmpensator. An compensated frequency-domain least mean squares(CFLMS) algorithm that can adapt the proposed frequency domain ANC is presented.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.352-358
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• 2005

콘크리트 비파괴 검사를 위하여 배면공동모형과 교량공동모형에 대하여 시간영역 탐사와 주파수영역 탐사를 실시하였다. 시간영역 탐사는 초동주시 역산법을 이용하여 토모그래피를 작성하여 공동의 여부를 해석하였다. 주파수영역 탐사는 시간영역 기록을 푸리에 변환에 의한 주파수영역에서의 최대 주파수를 분석하여 해석하였다.

• 대한조선학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.9-18
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• 1987

The hydrodynamic radiation forces acting on a ship travelling in waves have been conventionally treated by strip theories or by direct three dimensional approaches, most of which have been formulated in frequency domain. If the forward speed of a ship varies with time, or if its path is not a straight line, conventional frequency domain analysis can no more be used, and for these cases time domain analysis may be used. In this paper, formulations are made in time domain with applications to some problems the results of which are known in frequency domain. And the results of both domains are compared to show the characteristics and validity of time domain solutions. The radiation forces acting on a three dimensional body within the framework of a linear theory. If the linearity of entire system is assumed, radiation forces due to arbitrary ship motions can be expressed by the convolution integral of the arbitrary motion velocity and the so called impulse response function. Numerical calculations are done for some bodies of simple shapes and Series-60[$C_B=0.7$] ship model. For all cases, integral equation techniques with transient Green's function are used, and velocity or acceleration potentials are obtained as the solution of the integral equations. In liner systems, time domain solutions are related with frequency domain solutions by Fourier transform. Therefore time domain solutions are Fourier transformed by suitable relations and the results are compared with various frequency domain solutions, which show good agreements.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.717-733
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• 2003

A time domain method is presented for soil-structure interaction analysis under seismic excitations. It is based on the finite element formulation incorporating infinite elements for the far field soil region. Equivalent earthquake input forces are calculated based on the free field responses along the interface between the near and far field soil regions utilizing the fixed exterior boundary method in the frequency domain. Then, the input forces are transformed into the time domain by using inverse Fourier transform. The dynamic stiffness matrices of the far field soil region formulated using the analytical frequency-dependent infinite elements in the frequency domain can be easily transformed into the corresponding matrices in the time domain. Hence, the response can be analytically computed in the time domain. A recursive procedure is proposed to compute the interaction forces along the interface and the responses of the soil-structure system in the time domain. Earthquake response analyses have been carried out on a multi-layered half-space and a tunnel embedded in a layered half-space with the assumption of the linearity of the near and far field soil region, and results are compared with those obtained by the conventional method in the frequency domain.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.458-466
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• 1998

In this work, a frequency domain method is tested numerically and experimentally to improve nonlinear model parameters using the frequency response function at the nonlinear element connected point of structure. This method extends the force-state mapping technique, which fits the nonlinear element forces with time domain response data, into frequency domain manipulations. The force-state mapping method in the time domain has limitations when applying to complex real structures because it needd a time domain lumped parameter model. On the other hand, the frequency domain method is relatively easily applicable to a complex real structure having nonlinear elements since it uses the frequency response function of each substurcture. Since this mehtod is performed in frequency domain, the number of equations required to identify the unknown parameters can be easily increased as many as it needed, just by not only varying excitation amplitude bot also selecting excitation frequency domain method has some advantages over the classical force-state mapping technique in the number of data points needed in curve fit and the sensitivity to response noise.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2004년도 하계학술대회 논문집 D
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• pp.2149-2151
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• 2004

The time-frequency domain reflectometry(TFDR) is well known to detect and locate a fault in a coaxial cable[3]. Traditional reflectometry methods have been achieved in either the time domain or frequency domain only. However, the time-frequency domain reflectometry utilizes time and frequency information of a reflected signal passed through a cable to detect and locate the fault. The purpose of this paper is to find appropriate time-frequency distribution function suitable for a TFDR system. Choosing the appropriate time-frequency distribution function implies one can detect the fault and estimate the location accurately. We consider and compare adequate time-frequency distribution function on the basis of experimental results.