• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.106-111
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• 2015

Purpose: Impaired reaching movement is commonly observed in children with cerebral palsy. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the inclination of seat surface can influence the reaching movement in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy (CP). Methods: The subjects were 31 children, 16 children with spastic bilateral CP and 15 typically developing (TD) children. The children performed static sitting and forward reaching under three conditions: a horizontal seat surface (Horizontal $0^{\circ}$), a seat surface inclined anterior 15 degrees (Ant $15^{\circ}$), and a seat surface inclined posterior 15 degrees (Post $15^{\circ}$). A 3-axis accelerometer ('ZSTAR3') was used for analysis of the reaching movement. A 3-axis accelerometer was attached on the manubrium of the sternum, lateral epicondyle of the humerus, and styloid process of the ulna. We measured the reaction time, movement time, and data amount during reaching the 8 cm target with an index finger on the three inclined seat surfaces. Results: Reaction time and movement time for CPs showed significant delay; comparing the TD's and CP's amount was significantly greater than the TD's during reaching task (p<0.05). In particular, CP's reaction time and movement time on a seat surface inclined Ant $15^{\circ}$ was significantly more delayed compared with the other seat surfaces (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our results suggest that seat-inclination intervention may provide an ergonomic approach for children with spastic cerebral palsy.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.56-63
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• 2006

This study examined the effects of the abdominal drawing-in (ADI) maneuver using a pressure biofeedback on muscle recruitment pattern of erector spinae and hip extensors and anterior pelvic tilt during hip extension in the prone position. Fourteen able-bodied volunteers, who had no medical history of lower extremity or lumbar spine disease, were recruited for this study. The muscle onset time of erector spinae, gluteus maximus, and medial hamstring and angle of anterior pelvic tilt during hip extension in prone position were measured in two conditions: ADI maneuver condition and non-ADI maneuver condition. Muscle onset time was measured using a surface electromyography (EMG). Kinematic data for angle of anterior pelvic tilt were measured using a motion analysis system. The muscle onset time and angle of anterior pelvic tilt were compared using a paired t-test. The study showed that in ADI maneuver during hip extension in prone position, the muscle onset time for the erector spinae was delayed significantly by a mean of 43.20 ms (SD 43.12), and the onset time for the gluteus maximus preceded significantly by a mean of -4.83 ms (SD 14.10) compared to non-ADI maneuver condition (p<.05). The angle of anterior pelvic tilt was significantly lower in the ADI maneuver condition by a mean of 7.03 degrees (SD 2.59) compared to non-ADI maneuver condition (15.01 degrees) (p<.05). The findings of this study indicated that prone hip extension with the ADI maneuver was an effective method to recruit the gluteus maximus earlier than erector spinae and to decrease anterior pelvic tilting.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.14D no.7
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• pp.783-790
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• 2007

One of the particulars to be considered for providing wireless web service with PC web page is the hardware environment between PC and mobile device. It is because time cost is required in producing mobile contents to suit environment of the connected terminal. Therefore, server side should take account of response time and disk capacity of server. Response time is delayed by content conversion and disk capacity need to store various versions about one content. This paper suggests a pre-service and post-transcoding method to provide faster response time for a mobile terminal. The pre-service is to minimize response time by placing the top priority in servicing contents saved in cache as much as possible even if the quality of contents serviced to mobile terminal may be low. After pre-service is provided, the mobile content is transcoded for the terminal later. Performance level of method proposed was compared through experiment and the result of analysis was described.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.177-182
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• 2021

Background: Although prompt surgery after an orbital fracture is preferable, the actual timing of surgery in real-world settings varies. Therefore, this study investigated the outcomes of implant surgery for inferior orbital wall fractures by comparing three groups according to the time interval between the injury and surgery. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted of patients' medical charts and initial computed tomography images from 2009 to 2020. The time to treatment was chosen by patients or their guardians based on the patients' comorbidities and the physician's explanation. The patients were divided into three groups according to the time of surgery (group 1: 3-7 days, group 2: 8-14 days, group 3: 15 or more days). Data were collected on age, the time interval until surgery, the dimensions of the defect, the operation time, the follow-up period, and the postoperative paresthesia score (ranging from 0 to 10). The outcomes were evaluated using a 4-point scale: 4=good (no complications), 3=fair (no subjective symptoms), 2=poor (remaining paresthesia), and 1=very poor (strabismus and/or enophthalmos). Results: The study included 85 patients with unilateral fractures who underwent surgery from 3 to 93 days after injury. The overall score distribution of the surgical outcomes was as follows: good=63, fair=7, poor=6, and very poor=9. The three groups showed no significant differences in the transverse dimension of the injury (p=0.110) or the anteroposterior dimension (p=0.144). In groups 1, 2, and 3, the postoperative outcome scores were 3.84±0.37, 3.63±0.87, and 2.93±1.33 (p=0.083), and the percentage of patients with good outcomes was 84%, 81.25%, and 57.14%, respectively. Conclusion: Performing surgery using an artificial implant within 2 weeks of the injury showed better outcomes and fewer postoperative complications than when treatment was delayed.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.149-167
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• 2022

A Modified fuzzy mechanical control of large-scale multiple time delayed dynamic systems in states is considered in this paper. To do this, at the first level, a two-step strategy is proposed to divide a large system into several interconnected subsystems. And we focus on the damage propagation for aircraft structural analysis of composite materials. As a modified fuzzy control command, the next was received as feedback theory based on the energetic function and the LMI optimal stability criteria which allow researchers to solve this problem and have the whole system in asymptotically stability. And we focus on the results which shows the high effective by the proposed theory utilized for damage propagation for aircraft structural analysis of composite materials.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.63 no.5
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• pp.598-606
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• 2020

Objective : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of time interval between index event and stenting on the periprocedural risk of stenting for symptomatic carotid stenosis and to determine the optimal timing of stenting. Methods : This retrospective study included 491 (322 symptomatic [65.6%] and 169 asymptomatic [34.4%]) patients undergoing carotid stenting. The symptomatic patients were categorized into Day 0-3, 4-7, 8-10, 11-14, 15-21, and >21 groups according to the time interval between index event and stenting. Periprocedural (≤30 days) risk for clinical (any neurological deterioration) and radiological (new infarction on postprocedural diffusion-weighted imaging) events of stenting in each time interval versus asymptomatic stenosis was calculated with logistic regression analysis adjusted for confounders, and provided as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results : Overall clinical event rate (4.3%) of stenting for symptomatic carotid stenosis was higher than that for asymptomatic stenosis (1.2%; OR, 3.979 [95% CI, 1.093-14.489]; p=0.036). Stenting in Day 0-3 (13.2%; OR, 10.997 [95% CI, 2.333-51.826]; p=0.002) and Day 4-7 (8.3%; OR, 6.775 [95% CI, 1.382-33.227]; p=0.018) was associated with high risk for clinical events. However, the clinical event rates in stenting after 7 days from index event (Day 8-10, 1.8%; Day 11-14, 2.5%; Day 15-21, 0%; Day >21, 2.9%) were not different from that in stenting for asymptomatic stenosis. Overall radiological event rate (55.6%) in symptomatic stenosis was also higher than that in asymptomatic stenosis (35.5%; OR, 2.274 [95% CI, 1.553-3.352]; p<0.001). The high risk for radiological events was maintained in all time intervals (Day 0-3 : 55.3%; OR, 2.224 [95% CI, 1.103-4.627]; p=0.026; Day 4-7 : 58.3%; OR, 2.543 [95% CI, 1.329-4.949]; p=0.005; Day 8-10 : 53.6%; OR, 2.096 [95% CI, 1.138-3.889]; p=0.018; Day 11-14 : 57.5%; OR, 2.458 [95% CI, 1.225-5.021]; p=0.012; Day 15-21 : 55.6%; OR, 2.271 [95% CI, 1.099-4.764]; p=0.028; Day >21 : 54.8%; OR, 2.203 [95% CI, 1.342-3.641]; p=0.002). Conclusion : This study showed that as stenting was delayed, the periprocedural risk for clinical events decreased. The clinical event risk was high only in stenting within 7 days and comparable with that for asymptomatic stenosis in stenting after 7 days from index event, although the radiological event risk was not affected by stenting timing. Therefore, our results suggest that delayed stenting after 7 days from symptom onset is a safe strategy for symptomatic stenosis.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.587-598
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to test the microcurrent electrical neuromuscular stimulation on muscle soreness, serum creatine kinase levels and force deficits evident following a high-intensity eccentric exercise bout. 10 volunteer male subjects were randomly assigned to a treatment group or to a control group. Exercise consisted of high-intensity eccentric contractions of the elbow flexors. Resistance was reduced as subjects fatigued, until they reached exhaustion. Muscle soreness rating was determined using a visual analog scale. Serum creatine kinase levels were analyzed using a blood sample. Force deficits were determined by measures of maximal voluntary isometric contraction at $90^{\circ}$ of elbow flexion on a Orthotron II dynamometer. Muscle soreness rating, serum creatine kinase levels and maximal voluntary isometric contraction were determined at the before exercise and again at 24 and 48 hours postexericse. Treatments were applied immediately following exercise. The control group subjects rested following their exercise bout. Statistical analysis showed significant increases in muscle soreness rating and significant decreases in maximal voluntary isometric contraction when the before exercise was compared with 24 and 48 hour measures(p<0.01). No significant effects were observed between groups in muscle soreness rating and maximal voluntary isometric contraction(p>0.05). Highly significants differences in serum creatine kinase levels were found using on Analysis of variance(ANOVA) repeated measures between groups for each time cycles(p<0.001). This modality may have benefits when used early stage in the muscle damage.

• 전자공학회논문지 IE
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.33-45
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• 2009

In this paper, the implementation of the backward movement control of a truck-trailer type mobile robot using fuzzy model based control scheme considering the practical constraints, computing time-delay and quantization is presented. We propose the fuzzy feedback controller whose output is delayed with unit sampling period and predicted. The analysis and the design problem considering the computing time-delay become very easy because the proposed controller is syncronized with the sampling time. Also, the stability analysis is made when the quantization exists in the implementation of the fuzzy control architectures and it is shown that if the trivial solution of the fuzzy control system without quantization is asymptotically stable, then the solutions of the fuzzy control system with quantization are uniformly ultimately bounded. The experimental results are shown to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.346-354
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• 2001

Physicochemical properties of dough and bread supplemented with onion (Allium cepa L.) powder were investigated. Farinographic characteristics of dough showed that addition of onion by 2% and 4% increased water absorption, however, as the onion added more the water absorption decreased. Addition of 2% onion delayed time for development of dough a little, while more than 4% onion shortened the development time significant1y. A reduction in stability and an Increase in weakness of dough were observed by addition of onion. Addition of onion powder resulted in a reduction of extendibility and an increase in resistance to extension of dough as measured by extensograph. Amylographic analysis showed that addition of onion increased gelatinization temperature and decreased maximum viscosity. Moisture content, baking loss, height and volume of bread tended to decrease with the addition of onion powder. Lightness of bread crust and crumb decreased as the onion powder added more, while redness and yellowness increased. Bread tilth onion powder had mode free amino acid. especially, Arginine. aspartic acid, glutamic acid and alanine, than control. The addition of onion hardness of bread increased, but springiness decreased as the onion added more. Sensory evaluation of bread indicated that addition of 2% and 4% onion powder enhanced springiness, mouth feeling, appearance, hardness, moistness and overall acceptability.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.281-289
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• 1992

The physicochemical, rheological and sensory characteristics of Backsulgies added with dietary fibers-cellulose, pectin and wheat bran-were investigated. The maximum acceptable ratio of fibers was 10% for wheat bran or cellulose, 3% for pectin. As me results of physicochemical analysis, cellulose and pectin had larger water-binding capacity man wheat bran. Swelling power was increased with temperature increment. But the type of added dietary fiber did not make significant differences. The degree of gelatinization was measured by maltose content. The retrogradation of backsulgies was significantly delayed by the addition of dietary fibers. The retardation effect of dietary fibers for retrogradation of backsulgies was also proved by textural analysis and time constant determination of Avrami equation. Pectin had especially excellent delaying effect while me storage time extended. There were no significant differences in sensory characteristics between me backsulgi with no dietary fibers and backsulgies added with cellulose 3%, pectin 1% and wheat bran 3%. Therefore, we concluded mat cellulose 3%, pectin 1% and wheat bran 3% were me optimum addition ratios, which have the delaying effect of retrogradation, and which could be accepted as same as conventional backsulgies organoreptically.