• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.1269-1280
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• 2009

This study was performed to construct sound performance DB of royal palace buildings and to examine the special quality more scientifically. Research target of royal palace were Changdeokgung and Gyeongbokgung. Sound insulation performance between the adjacent room and facade, room acoustics of Pyeonjeon and Chimjeon which is representative building in royal palace were examined through field measurement. Measured values of RT($T_{mf}$) at Pyeonjeon were 0.78 sec. and 1.03 sec. in Seonjeongjoen and Sajeongjoen, respectively. The RTs of both Pyeonjeon buildings were estimated suitable for speech and lecture considering their volume. The RT($T_{mf}$)s at Chimjeon were measured in range of 0.29~0.55 sec. This meant that the acoustic energy in rooms was decreased by sound transmission through mulberry paper(Hanji) of traditional windows and doors. As a sound insulation performance, the single-number quantities($D_{ls,2m,nT,w}$) of the building facades in Pyeonjeon and Chimjeon were measured 4~20 dB. Also the single-number quantities($D_{p,w}$) between the adjacent rooms in Chimjeon were measured 3~18 dB. Sound insulation performance of traditional building elements such as window and door depended strongly on their layers and area.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.273-284
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• 2007

Oral health in youth is very important because this period influences life for adult remarkably. Therefore, more effective oral health education and recognition of early treatment for oral disease are required sincerely. For more effectual education for high-school students, it is necessary to consider their circumstance like obesity and smoking. This study will analyze the correlation oral health behavior with obesity and subjective oral health concerns. In addition to, the actual condition of smoking for high-school girls and oral health condition will be verified. A survey was progressed for high-school girls in Busan city and BMI(body mass index) was used for classification of weight. The statistical significance was analyzed using SPSS 13.3 for Windows. Results of this study is following. 1. The frequence of daily toothbrushing was significantly different with obesity although difference of oral health knowledge was not significant. The frequency of toothbrushing of overweight students were lesser than the others. This results may be caused by low-level for oral health concerns and by passive life style of fat person. This habit has possibility of causing serious periodontal disease like periodontitis and tooth caries. 2. The correlation of obesity and time of brush change, using for supplement, and recent dental institution was insignificant. However, concerns of oral health were showed significantly according to obesity. Under-weight and standard-weight students were more concerned about oral health than over-weight. This results can be related to frequence of toothbrushing for fat subject. This relevance of two factors was confirmed by logistic regression analysis. 3. Approximately 70% students have smoking experience responded to uncomfortableness of periodontal conditions. On the other hand, non-smoking students felt uncomfortable in 50%. This results indicated that smoking have an effect on oral health condition. Further study which identify periodontal conditions practically has to go on for verification of direct correlation smoking and oral health.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.117-124
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• 2012

Due to recent urban maintenance project for the aged towns, the reconstruction of apartments into super-high-rise and high-rise apartment structures has been approved for concentrated use of land, and accordingly the infringement on sunshine for nearby residential area is rising as a social issue. Especially the educational environment conditions according to infringement on sunshine in educational facilities are posing many problems. Accordingly in this study, for such sunshine analysis of educational environment, Auto $CAD^{(R)}$ software has been used to construct the 3D model for the educational facility structures. And with the simulation technique, the windows and the schoolyard of the education facility were set to be the lighting standard surface to take measurements for the sunshine environment of the educational facilities by the minute from 8:00AM until 4:00PM for the sunshine amount by true solar time according to the movement of the sun. Also, the sunshine environment of the education facility according to the damage before/after new construction of apartments was charted, and through comparison with the video produced by sun shadow projection method, the sunshine amount of the educational environment could be verified. In future, it is expected to be efficiently used in the sunshine analysis of education environment utilizing such simulation techniques.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.15-30
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• 2001

서브시퀀스 매칭은 질의 시퀀스와 유사한 서브시퀀스를 가지는 데이터 시퀀스와 해당 서브시퀀스의 위치를 찾는 문제이다. 본 논문에서는 윈도우를 구성하는 방법의 이원성을 이용한 새로운 서부시퀀스 매칭 방법인 Dual-Match는 윈도우를 구성하는 방법에 있어서 Faloutsos 등이 사용한 방법(간단히 FRM 이라한다)의 이원적 접근법이다. 즉, FRM에서는 데이터 시퀀스를 슬라이딩 윈도우로 나누고 질의 시퀀스를 디스조인트 윈도우로 나누는 방법을 사용한 반면, Dual-Match에서는 데이터 시퀀스를 디스조이트 윈도우로 나누고 질의 시퀀스를 슬라이딩 윈도우로 나누는 방법을 사용한다. FRM은 색인에 필요한 저장공간을 줄이기 위하여 개별 점 대신 최소 포함 사각형만을 저장함으로 인하여 많은 착오해답(유사하지 않은 후보 서브시퀀스)을 발생시켰다. Dual-Match는 FRM과 비슷한 크기의 저장공간에 개별 점을 직접 저장함으로써 이 문제를 해결한다. 실험결과, Dual-Match는 많은 경우에 있어서 FRM에 비하여 후보 개수를 크게 줄이고 성능을 향상시켰다. 특히, 선택률이 낮은 경우($10^{-4}$이하)에는 후보 개수를 최대 8800배 까지 줄이고, 페이지 액세스 횟수를 최대 26.9배까지 줄였으며, 성능을 최대 430배까지 향상시켰다. 또한, 동일한 크기의 색인을 생성하는데 있어서 Dual-Match는 FRM보다 4.10~25.6배 빠르게 색인을 구성하였다. 이는 색인 구성시에 CPU 오버헤드의 많은 부분을 차지하는 저차원 변환의 횟수를 FRM에 비해 크게 줄이기 때문이다. 이 같은 결과로 볼 때, Dual-Match는 대용량 데이터베이스에 대한 서부시퀀스 매칭의 성능을 크게 향상시킬 수 있는 획기적인 연구 결과라 믿는다.

• Archives of design research
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• v.20 no.2 s.70
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• pp.89-102
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• 2007

Seoul suffers from over congestion of outdoor signage. Signage is on everywhere including on windows, on entrance way, on every available space on the building wall. The excessiveness is up to the point that decorating surface of a building is almost meaningless and most signage is lost in each other's profuse presence. The competition to attract more attention is resulting in bigger, brighter, and more stimulating signage. As the result, outdoor signage of Seoul have lost its intended function to provide useful information and befallen to be viewed as visual pollution. As it is an important visual element of city view, the outdoor signage also serves important role of delivering needed information in proper way to enhance convenience of city life. At the same time, it is a very important marketing tool that is essential to economic activity. Outdoor signage also holds enormous potential to act as a visual and structural element to improve city view just as a beautiful architecture does. However, outdoor signage that does not consider the harmony with its surrounding environment can only be treated as visual pollution. The effort of Seoul to better the city view by improving the outdoor signage started at Jong-ro area. By reforming outdoor signage, the streets of Jong-ro achieved much more harmonious and aesthetically pleasing city view. The study went through analysis of current status and characteristics of outdoor signage of Cheonho-dong Rodeo Street, Gangdong district to suggest detailed design solution to reform the roadside view and to revitalize the street.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.63-70
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• 2017

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to improve the quality of life of people aged 65 and over by reducing musculoskeletal pain and increasing balance and muscular strength in their lower-extremities through aerobic exercises and the use of Thera-Bands and gym balls. Method : Fifteen out of 30 women who used a welfare center for the elderly in C City performed exercises using Thera-Bands and gym balls, and the remaining 15 elderly women did aerobic exercises. Both groups performed their respective exercises three times a week over a four-week period, for 50 minutes each time. Pain (VAS), balance (TUG), and lower extremity muscular strength were measured as evaluation tools. The data were analyzed using the statistical software SPSS 18.0 for Windows. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was performed to compare the differences within each group, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the two groups in terms of their differences both before and after the participants' respective exercise programs. Results : No differences were found between the two groups, although there were some differences within each group in terms of levels of pain, muscular strength, and balance. Conclusion : The aerobic and muscle strength exercise programs had positive effects on all variables, including pain, balance, and muscular strength in the lower extremities. Therefore, the combination of aerobic and muscle strength exercises may be effective in improving the quality of life of elderly people.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.155-162
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• 2010

To ensure accurate measurements of wireless network performance, it should be collected real-time data which are transmitted between a large number of nodes in the actual network environment. Therefore, it is necessary to develop simulation tool for finding optimal network system design method such as media access control, routing technique, ad-hoc algorithm of node deployment while overcoming spatial and temporal constraints. Our research attempts to provide an improved architecture and design method of simulation tool for wireless network is an application of multi-threading technique in these issues. We finally show that usability of the proposed simulator by comparing results derived from same test environment in the wireless LAN model of our simulator and widely used network simulation package, NS-2.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.153-170
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• 2013

This study examined awareness and information acquisition behavior regarding food hygiene and safety of university students to improve safe dietary practices and to get basic information to develop educational materials for food safety. It was conducted among 276 university students of Qingdao University and Liaocheng University in Shandong province, China through a self-administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS Windows V.19.0. To describe characteristics of the respondents, frequency distributions were used. In addition, t test, one-way analysis of variance and Duncan's multiple range tests were conducted. The results were as follows: The respondents were generally interested in food hygiene and safety. However, the level of awareness regarding the food hygiene and safety system in China was not high. Almost forty-five percent of the respondents did not think that foods produced and distributed in China were safe. For the reasons for their distrust, most of the students replied that they did not trust the safety 'because of distrust for hygiene of the food process', followed by 'because of distrust for food distribution' and 'because of excess or illegal use of food additives on food process'. The respondents answered for the concern level toward food hygiene and safety foodborne disease threatened food safety the most, followed by heavy metal contamination and endocrine disruptors. The respondents acquired most information from electronic media including TV and radio. Most of the students wanted to participate in food hygiene and safety education. Finally, when they found hazardous or foreign materials in food the most frequent reaction was 'paying attention in the next purchase', followed by 'notifying others', and 'letting it go this time but never buying that product in the future'.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.02a
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• pp.396-396
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• 2013

The resistive random access memory (ReRAM) has several advantages to apply next generation non-volatile memory device, because of fast switching time, long retentions, and large memory windows. The high mobility of monolayered graphene showed several possibilities for scale down and electrical property enhancement of memory device. In this study, the monolayered graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition was transferred to $SiO_2$ (100 nm)/Si substrate and glass by using PMMA coating method. For formation of metal-oxide nanoparticles, we used a chemical reaction between metal films and polyamic acid layer. The 50-nm thick BPDA-PDA polyamic acid layer was coated on the graphene layer. Through soft baking at $125^{\circ}C$ or 30 min, solvent in polyimide layer was removed. Then, 5-nm-thick indium layer was deposited by using thermal evaporator at room temperature. And then, the second polyimide layer was coated on the indium thin film. After remove solvent and open bottom graphene layer, the samples were annealed at $400^{\circ}C$ or 1 hr by using furnace in $N_2$ ambient. The average diameter and density of nanoparticle were depending on annealing temperature and times. During annealing process, the metal and oxygen ions combined to create $In_2O_3$ nanoparticle in the polyimide layer. The electrical properties of $In_2O_3$ nanoparticle ReRAM such as current-voltage curve, operation speed and retention discussed for applictions of transparent and flexible hybrid ReRAM device.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.1001-1013
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• 2008

The purpose of this study were to make clear the actual state of indoor air quality by cooling in private institute classrooms and to analyze influencing factors on indoor air quality. The measurements of physical elements and observations of architectural characteristics and living conditions were carried out in each 1 classroom of 5 private institutes. Measuring elements were indoor temperature, relative humidity, $PM_{10}$, HCHO, CO, and $CO_2$ concentration. As results, the averages of indoor temperature each classroom were $21.7\sim28.1^{\circ}C$. 3 classrooms were lower than the Maintenance standard($26\sim28^{\circ}C$) of School Health Law. The means of relative humidity were 48$\sim$63%, all classrooms were ranged within the standard(30$\sim$80%). The means of $PM_{10}$ concentration were 2.1 $\sim$ 17 $\mu g/m^3$, all classrooms were kept within the standard(100 $\mu g/m^3$). The means of HCHO concentration were 0.02$\sim$0.16 ppm, 2 classrooms were exceed the standard(0.1 ppm). The means of CO concentration were 1.4$\sim$3.6 ppm, all classrooms were kept within the standard(10ppm). The means of $CO_2$ concentration were 1,593$\sim$3,819 ppm, all classrooms were exceed the standard(1,000ppm). The results of analysis on influencing factors of the physical elements are as follow; the air conditioner set of temperature, personal necessities like hair spray, teacher's smoking in corridor, windows and doors opening time, the number of students, and volume of classroom.