• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.197-204
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of high-heels (HH) modification on metatarsal stress in female workers. Method: Seven females who work in clothing stores ($heights=160.4{\pm}3.9cm$; $weights=47.4{\pm}4.1kg$; $age=31.3{\pm}11.1yrs$; $HH\;wear\;career=8{\pm}6.5yrs$) wore two types of HH (original and modified). The modified HH had been grooved with 1.5 cm radius and 0.2 cm depth around the first metatarsal area inside of the shoes using the modified shoe-last. Participants were asked to walk for 15 minutes on a treadmill and to stand for 10 minutes with original and modified HH, respectively. Kinetics data were collected by the F-scan in-shoe system. After each test, participants were asked to rate their perceived exertion using the Borg's 15-grade RPE scale and interviewed about their feeling of HH. Nonparametric Wilcoxon signed-rank test and effect size (Cohen's d) were used to determine the difference of the variables of interest between the original and modified HH. Results: In the present study, modified HH of the peak contact pressure of 1st metatarsal (PCP) left, PCP right, pressure time integral (PTI) left, peak pressure gradient (PPG) left during standing and PPG right during walking are greater than original HH. And even it didn't show statistically significant, the average in all pressure values of modified HH showed bigger than original HH. It surmised to be related to awkward with modified HH. Even though they said to feel the comfortable cause of big space inside of HH in the interview, they seemed to be not enough time to adapt with new HH. So their walking and standing postures were unstable. Conclusion: Modified the fore-medial part of HH can reduce the stress in the first metatarsal head and big toe area during standing and walking.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제34권6_2호
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• pp.1229-1238
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 위성영상 기반의 북극의 해빙 농도 시계열 데이터를 이용하여 베링해의 해빙 상태가 척치해 해빙 농도 변화의 전조로서 작용할 수 있는지를 실험하였다. 해빙 농도 자료는 1982년부터 2017년의 36년간의 월평균 시계열 데이터로 이뤄져 있으며, 베링해의 해빙 농도와 척치해 해빙 농도 사이의 관계성을 전송 엔트로피 측정을 통해 분석하였다. 전송 엔트로피는 두 개의 확률변수 또는 신호 간의 비선형적 연관성을 파악하게 해주는 동시에 변수 사이의 시간 간격 조절을 통해 인과관계를 추정할 수 있는 측정이다. 해빙 농도를 대상으로 한 측정 결과, 베링해의 과거 3, 5, 6개월 전의 해빙 농도값이 척치해 해빙의 변화에 관련되어 있음을 알 수 있었다. 특히, 베링해의 해빙 농도값이 극소를 나타냈을 때, 5개월 후의 척치해의 해빙 농도는 감소될 확률이 약 70%로 나타났다. 이는 태평양에서 베링해협을 통해 북극해로 유입되는 해류가 베링해의 해빙 농도를 감소시킨 후 해협을 통해 척치해로 이동하여 해빙을 녹이는 과정에 비롯한 것으로 사료된다. 향후 위성데이터에 정보 이론으로 접근하는 이 연구를 더 발전시켜 어떤 시점과 시간적 스케일로 특이 패턴이 발생하는지 조사하고 그 기간에 관련된 해양-대기의 패턴 또는 사건들을 분석하여, 떨어진 두 지역의 해빙 농도 상태에 내재된 연관성에 대한 심층적 이해가 가능할 것이다.

• 한국의료질향상학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.68-84
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• 1995

Background: Guideline for practice is useful because it can be the standard for assessment and way to improve quality. We need to take account of expert opinion and consensus as well as scientific evidences to develope practice guideline because it should be practical. Delphi method has been developed to gather opinions from experts fairly. This study was designed to develop practice guideline and apply it to practices as a method to improve quality in primary medical care. Methods: Hypertension(in adults over 18 years old) was selected as a target problem. Self questionnaires about management of hypertensive patients were developed by a researcher with advice of 11 experts. The questionnaires were designed to response as a 5 pont scale. The results of previous questionary were given to respondents in second and third questionnaires. If needed, the questionnaires were changed on the previous responses. The items with medium greater than or equal to 4 point in 1st and 2nd responses were accepted in guideline. The items with medium lesser than or equal to 3 point were questioned again about whether they can be excluded or not. The criteria for assessment was made with reference to guideline and applied to 85 hypertensive patients of 9 family practitioners. At 3 months after practice guideline had been given to family practitioners, performance of same practitioners was assessed with 36 new hypertensive patients. Results: 23 professors in family medicine, 22 family practitioners and 6 cardiologists, responded among 50, 50, 15 respectively. Practice guideline with 33 items was developed as a result of 3 times questionaires. The difference of responses between professors in family medicine, family practitioners and cardiologists was not significant. Performance of practice was improved in diagnosis, history taking about 6 fields, laboratory examination and decision making about time of pharmaceutical prescription. It was not improved in physical examination, life style modification, method of pharmaceutical prescription, choice of initial antihypertensives and history taking about duration of disease and diet habit. It was decreased in history taking about psychosocial factors. The assessment scores were low in history taking, physical examination and life style modification before and after use of practice guideline. Conclusion: Practice guideline for hypertension could be developed by Delphi method. Performance of practice improved partially after use of guideline.

• 인간행동과 음악연구
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2005

음악치료 연구에 있어 치료 세팅 내 적용 가능한 임상전략기법들을 개발한 연구는 다른 음악치료 관련 주제들에 비해 부족한 실정이다. 음악 감상을 이용한 부적 정서 조절은 계속 해서 연구되어 온 분야이기도 하나 실질적으로 임상 대상에게 적용되어 지지 않았다. 본 연구는 음악 감상을 이용한 음악치료기법인 동시에 부적 정서를 경감시키는 정서 조절 기제의 한 방안으로서 음악회상기법(Music Recall Technique)을 고안하고, 이것의 치료적 중재 과정과 효용성을 보는 데에 그 목적을 두었다. 더 나아가 음악치료사의 부재 시나 음악치료세션 외, 그리고 물리적 음악이 부재한 상황에서 대상자가 이 기법을 스스로 활용할 수 있는지를 보았다. 본 연구의 음악회상기법은 대상자의 강도 높은 부적 정서에 음악적 공감(musical empathy)을 부여하기 위하여 현대 음악(contemporary music) 중심의 높은 자극성 음악이 사용되었다. 또한 부적 정서의 경감 및 조절을 위하여 자극성-진정성 음악을 이용한 음악회상기법이 중점적으로 적용되었고, 자극성-진정성-격양성 음악을 이용한 음악회상기법은 부가적으로 적용되었다. 음악회상기법에는 이미 지각되어 있는 기존의 음악을 현재에 그대로 재현하여 회상하는 '음악회상(Music Recall, MR)'과 기존 음악을 변형 또는 조합하거나 기존 음악이 아닌 새로운 음악을 대상자가 스스로 생각하여 머리 속에서 현재화시키는 '창조적 음악회상(Creative Music Recall, CMR)'이 있다. 본 연구에서는 음악회상을 중심으로 하되 창조적 음악회상을 부가적으로 적용하였다. 연구는 단일 사례 연구로, 신경성 식욕부진증 환자의 불안, 분노, 우울의 부적 정서에 대한 부적 상황 목록을 작성하여 이에 대한 부적 정서를 회기 시간 내에 경감시켜나가고, 회기 시간 외 음악회상기법을 통해 실생활에 대한 실제 부적 정서를 경감시켜나갔다. 총 10회에 거쳐 음악회상기법이 적용되었고, 음악회상기록지를 제작하여 자극성-진정성, 또는 격양성 음악회상 내 부적 정서 변화 과정을 회기 시간 내와 회기 시간 외에 자기보고 하도록 하였다. 부적 상황에 관여된 부적 정서를 회기 시간 내와 전체회기에 대해 VAS 사전사후 검사를 통해 측정하고, 상태-특성 불안척도, 상태-특성 분노 표현 척도, 무망감 우울증 검사지를 통해 일반적인 부적 정서에 대한 사전사후 검사를 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 자극성-진정성 음악회상 과정 내 불안, 분노, 우울의 부적 정서가 모두 감소하였다. 불안, 분노, 우울 모두 자극성 음악회상에서 가장 많은 감소를 보였으며, 특히, 자극성 음악회상의 초-중반부에 가장 많은 감소를 보였다. 부적 상황에 대한 부적 정서의 VAS 측정에서도 회기 시간 내와 전체회기를 통한 사전사후 결과에서 모두 부적 정서가 감소하였다. 상태-특성 불안척도, 상태-특성 분노 표현 척도, 무망감 우울증 검사지의 검사 결과에서도 모두 부적 정서가 감소하였다. 본 연구는 강한 자극의 정도를 갖는 현대 음악 중심의 자극성 음악이 분노, 불안, 우울과 같은 부적 정서의 감소에 효과적으로 작용가능하며, 자극성 음악회상의 초-중반부가 부적 정서의 경감을 위해 중요한 자극 변수로 작용함을 시사한다. 결론적으로, 본 연구에서 고안된 음악회상기법은 부적 정서의 경감 및 정서 조절에 효과적인 하나의 대응 방안이 될 수 있다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SP
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.98-105
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• 2012

본 논문은 고품질을 갖는 음성재생 속도제어를 위한 새로운 방법을 다루었다. 제안 방법은 재생 속도에 따른 음성 신호의 활성화 영역을 검출하는 가변적 임계필터링 솔루션을 제공하였다. 임계필터링을 위한 임계값은 주어진 배속에 따라 재생되는 음성 신호 내의 각 프레임의 통계(평균과 표준편차)에 의해 가변적으로 결정되며 프레임 내의 활성화 블록구간 만을 축출하는데 사용된다. 또한 높은 재생 속도에 따른 피치 손상과 같은 품질 저하를 최소화하기 위하여, 임계필터링은 유, 무성음 구분 없이 상대적은 낮은 활성도를 갖는 블록들을 우선적으로 제거한다. 실험 결과, 제안 방식은 기존의 피치 축출을 사용하는 SOLA(Synchonized OverLap Add) 방식보다 높은 품질 갖는 재생속도 제어 솔루션을 제공함을 알 수가 있었다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.36-42
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• 2010

A cross-sectional survey was used to investigate the rates of overweight and obesity (BMI$\geq$25), and eating attitudes among college students. Data were collected at a large southeastern university. Adolescents (ages 18-25) self-reported weight and height (to calculate BMI), and, in addition to demographic information, completed the eating attitudes (EAT 26) scale to assess dieting tendencies. Significance of the mean BMI differences between gender and ethnic background were assessed by one-way analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA). Chi-square was used to determine whether the rate of those with BMI$\geq$25 between gender and ethnic background was statistically significant. While 52.7% of the students' BMI were within the normal weight category, 15.2% were underweight, 21.3% were overweight, and 10.8% were obese. The rate of BMI$\geq$25 differed by gender and ethnicity, with males and African Americans having higher rates. About 12 % of the participants reported disturbed eating behavior, which is lower than previously reported. Even so, results support the generally held belief that disturbed eating attitudes and unhealthy dieting are common among college students, especially among females. At the same time, disturbed eating attitudes are not just the domain of young female students; about 10% of college males reported disturbed eating attitudes. Findings of this study call for obesity prevention/intervention and lifestyle modification outreach programs among college students. Weight status and unhealthy eating behaviors of college. students should be a concern to health care professionals. While obese young adults will likely remain obese throughout their adult life, excessive dieting among students, which is linked to eating disorders and other health hazards, does not provide healthy and adequate alternatives for maintaining a normal BMI. Implications for obesity prevention programs are discussed.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.172-177
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• 2014

A glycosyltransferase, YjiC, from Bacillus licheniformis has been used for the modification of the commercially available isoflavonoids genistein, daidzein, biochanin A and formononetin. The in vitro glycosylation reaction, using UDP-${\alpha}$-D-glucose as a donor for the glucose moiety and aforementioned four acceptor molecules, showed the prominent glycosylation at 4' and 7 hydroxyl groups, but not at the $5^{th}$ hydroxyl group of the A-ring, resulting in the production of genistein 4'-O-${\beta}$-D-glucoside, genistein 7-O-${\beta}$-D-glucoside (genistin), genistein 4',7-O-${\beta}$-D-diglucoside, biochanin A-7-O-${\beta}$-D-glucoside (sissotrin), daidzein 4'-O-${\beta}$-D-glucoside, daidzein 7-O-${\beta}$-D-glucoside (daidzin), daidzein 4', 7-O-${\beta}$-D-diglucoside, and formononetin 7-O-${\beta}$-D-glucoside (ononin). The structures of all the products were elucidated using high performance liquid chromatography-photo diode array and high resolution quadrupole time-of-flight electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR QTOF-ESI/MS) analysis, and were compared with commercially available standard compounds. Significantly higher bioconversion rates of all four isoflavonoids was observed in both in vitro as well as in vivo bioconversion reactions. The in vivo fermentation of the isoflavonoids by applying engineered E. coli $BL21(DE3)/{\Delta}pgi{\Delta}zwf{\Delta}ushA$ overexpressing phosphoglucomutase (pgm) and glucose 1-phosphate uridyltransferase (galU), along with YjiC, found more than 60% average conversion of $200{\mu}M$ of supplemented isoflavonoids, without any additional UDP-${\alpha}$-D-glucose added in fermentation medium, which could be very beneficial to large scale industrial production of isoflavonoid glucosides.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.367-374
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• 2014

In this study, skin permeation enhancement was confirmed by designing it to have a structure and composition similarity to the intercellular lipids that improve miscibility with skin by cross-linked lipids poloxamer. The cross-linked lipids poloxamer was synthesized and analyzed by 1H NMR that structure dose had conjugated pluronic with ceramide3. Active component is released by modification of liquid crystal structure because PPO part, large-scale molecule block of pluronic, has hydrophobic nature at skin temperature of $35^{\circ}C$. Conjugated pluronic with ceramide3 was synthesized using Pluronic F127 and p-NPC (4-nitrophenyl chloroformate) at room temperature yielded 89%. Pluronic(Ceramide 3-conjugated Pluronic) was synthesized by reaction of p-NP-Pluronic with Ceramide3 and DMAP. The yield was 51%. This cross-linked lipids poloxamer was blended and dissolved at isotropic state with skin surface lipids, phospholipid, ceramide, cholesterol and anhydrous additive solvent. Next step was preceded by ${\alpha}$-Transition at low temperature for making the structure of Meso-Phase Lamella, and non-hydrous skin analogue liquid crystal using thermo-sensitivity smart sensor, lamellar liquid crystal structure through aging time. For confirmation of conjugation thermo-sensitivity smart sensor and non-hydrous skin analogue liquid crystal, structural observation and stability test were performed using XRD(Xray Diffraction), DSC(Differential Scanning Calorimetry), PM (Polarized Microscope) And C-SEM (Cryo-Scanning Electron Microscope). Thermo-sensitivity observation by Franz cell revealed that synthesized smart sensor shown skin permeation effect over 75% than normal liquid crystal. Furthermore, normal non-hydrous skin analogue liquid crystal that not applied smart sensor shown similar results below $35^{\circ}C$ of skin temperature, but its effects has increased more than 30% above $35^{\circ}C$.

• 재활복지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.207-220
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• 2014

본 연구는 지체 및 뇌병변 장애를 가진 아동(1~13세)에게 제공된 자세보조기구의 효과를 아동을 보살피는 보호자 관점에서 효과를 평가하고자 실시하였다. 장애아동의 보호자 42명을 대상으로 FIATS-AS(Family Impact Assistive Technology Scale for Adaptive Seating)를 이용하여 자세보조기구의 효과성을 보호자 관점에서 평가하였다. 기구 지원전 2번의 조사, 기구 지원 이후 2번의 조사 총 4번의 조사를 실시하여 반복측정을 통한 FIATS-AS 점수를 비교하였다. 또한 영유아(1~3세), 미취학(4~7세), 취학(8~13세)으로 3가지 연령대로 분류하여 연령대 간의 점수 차이를 비교하였다. 검증결과 자세보조기구의 제공은 장애아동의 보호자에게 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 연령대에 따른 변화차이를 본 결과 1~7세의 취학 전 어린 연령대의 장애아동 보호자에서 의미있는 변화가 있었다. 결론적으로 자세보조기구는 아동에게 환경으로의 접근성을 향상시키고, 아동에 대한 보호자의 지원수준을 경감시킬 수 있는 의미있는 도구라고 할 수 있을 것이다. 따라서 자세보조기구와 같은 환경조정은 장애인과 보호자의 삶에 중요한 역할을 수행한다고 할 수 있다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.39-48
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• 1983

This study was performed to obtain the basic data which could be used for the modification of the manual center-burner-type rice-husk furnace into a small scale automatic type for the multi-purpose use in the farm. For this purpose, first, the utilization feasibility of the rice-husk furnace in the farm was analyzed briefly in aspects of available amount of rice-husk for the fuel, annual operation time and replaceble amount of residential heating energy with rice-husk in the farm. For the experiment a prototype furnace geared with an automatic feeding device was fabricated, and feed rate, mold size and chimney height were changed to investigate the combustion efficiency of rice-husk and thermal efficiency of the furnace. Also, optimum and limiting operational factors were observed in each treatments. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. If the rice-husk is intensively used for residential heating in the farm for winter season, on an average 51 percent of the total heating energy can be replaced with the rice-husk. Therefore, development of a small scale automatic rice-husk furnace was recognized to be feasible. 2. The operational condition depending on husk-feed rates was very important factor for successive steady burning operation of the given furnace. When the feed-rate was 1.5 kg/hr, the top of the burning zone should be kept at the position about 55 cm from the bottom of the combustion chamber with the periodic removal of ash (termed as steady state position), which was 18 cm above the mold waist. When the feed rates were 2.4 kg/hr and 3.0 kg/hr, the steady state position was at about 4 cm above the mold waist. 3. The mold size affected inflow rate of air into the furnace and consequently CO content in the exhaust gas. The relatively bigger mold gave positive effect on the air-inflow rate. 4. When the husk-feed rates were 1.5 kg/hr, 2.4 kg/hr, 3.0 kg/hr, the combustion efficiencies of the rice-husk were 98.5%, 97.4% and 95.0%, the thermal efficiencies of the furnace were 93.4%, 93.2% and 87.6%, and CO content in the exhaust gas were 1.21%, 1.03%, and 2.43%, respectively. The air-inflow rates were decreased with the increase of feed rates. When the amount of excess air was 30-40%, the CO content in the exhaust gas was at the minimum level. 5. When the chimney height was lowered from 260 cm to 96 cm, the air-inflow rate was slightly decreased, but the average temperature in the combustion chamber, CO content in the exhaust gas and combustion and thermal efficiencies were not changed significantly. 6. The incidental problems associated with the protytype furnace were accumulation of the ash inside the mold, accumulation of the cinder between the outer-drum of the furnace and the combustion chamber wall, and accumulation of the cinder in the chimney.