• 산경연구논집
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• 제12권10호
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• pp.43-57
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• 2021

Purpose: This study focuses how motivations influence interactivity in the live streaming commerce context. Live streaming commerce involves the provision of e-commerce activities and transactions via a live streaming platform that offers real-time interaction, entertainment, social activities, and commerce. The purpose of study is to examine effects of motivations on perceived interactivity and the effects of perceived interactivity on attitude and intention to use the live streaming commerce. Research design, data and methodology: The study investigates key questions about consumers' motivation to use live streaming commerce and perceived interactivity by surveying 300 users of live commerce. Participants were asked whether they were live streaming commerce users who had experienced live streaming commerce before participating in the survey. The full survey required live streaming commerce users to respond to all the questions. Results: The study uncovered motivations for using live streaming commerce by finding information, entertainment, pass time, fashion/status and real time and perceived interactivity in the live streaming commerce. The results indicated motivation to use live streaming commerce positively influenced perceived interactivity. Perceived interactivity had positive effects on attitude toward brand. Attitude toward brand had positive effects on intention to use. Conclusions: Live streaming commerce is getting increasing attention from marketers because live streaming commerce has seamlessly integrated commerce, social activities, and hedonic factors. This study clarifies motivations and perceived interactivity in the live streaming commerce context. The study uncovers the relationships between motivations, perceived interactivity, attitude, and intention to use that contributes to the theoretical foundation and practical implications for marketing and management in the live streaming commerce context. Specifically, the study develops the theoretical contributions to perceived interactivity in the in the live streaming commerce context. The results also contribute to the practical implications for new marketing strategies that provides dynamic real-time interaction, exact information, and social and hedonic factors to attract consumers to indulge in the consumption processes. Marketing practitioners will obtain insights that can help them develop and manage brand strategies by understanding the influence of motivation and perceived interactivity in the live commerce context, which offers opportunities for contactless marketing and management.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.1505-1511
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• 2016

동영상 실시간 스트리밍 (Live Streaming)이란 텔레비전 생방송처럼 촬영한 정보를 실시간으로 사용자의 동영상 플레이어로 보내 재생하도록 하는 방식을 말한다. 비디오와 오디오를 실시간으로 인코딩하여 많은 사용자들이 동시에 시청하기 위해서는 RTMP (Real Time Messaging Protocol), HLS (HTTP Live Streaming) 등 실시간 스트리밍을 지원하는 프로토콜이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 실시간 스트리밍을 제공하는 국내 6개 OTT (Over the Top) 업체의 어플리케이션을 대상으로 패킷 캡처를 통해 어플리케이션들의 패킷을 분석하였다. 채널 목록을 암호화하지 않거나, 유료채널에 적합하지 않은 프로토콜을 사용함으로써 유료채널을 무료로 시청할 수 있다는 취약점을 밝히고자 한다.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.183-188
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• 2017

Background: Recommendations have been proposed for minimum aerobic fitness among firefighters but it is unclear if those criteria relate to performance on the fireground. Less fit individuals fatigue more quickly than fit individuals when working at comparable intensity and may have gait changes, increasing risk of falls. We evaluated the effect of fatigue during a live burn evolution on gait parameters and functional balance comparing them to aerobic fitness levels. Methods: A total of 24 firefighters had gait and balance tested before and after a live burn evolution. Data were stratified by aerobic fitness of greater/less than 14 metabolic equivalents (METs). Results: Analysis of gait cycles measurements before and after the live burn evolution revealed that single leg stance, cycle, and swing time decreased (p < 0.05) but there were no differences in the other measures. There were no differences in time to complete the functional balance test, or errors committed before or after a live burn evolution. When firefighters were sorted by fitness level of 14 METs, there were no differences for errors or time before or after the live burn evolution. Balance data were analyzed using a linear regression. Individuals with lower fitness levels required more time to complete the test. Conclusion: A 14-MET criterion failed to distinguish gait or balance characteristics in this group. However, less fit firefighters did require more time to complete the balance test (p = 0.003). Aerobic fitness alone does not predict gait changes among firefighters following a live burn evolution but does appear to influence functional balance.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제28권9호
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• pp.99-104
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• 2014

This paper presents a unified live-streaming method based on Hypertext Mark-up Language 5(HTML5) for an IP camera which is independent of browsers of clients and is implemented with open-source libraries. Currently, conventional security systems based on analog CCTV cameras are being modified to newer surveillance systems utilizing IP cameras. These cameras offer remote surveillance and monitoring regardless of the device being used at any time, from any location. However, this approach needs live-streaming protocols to be implemented in order to verify real-time video streams and surveillance is possible after installation of separate plug-ins or special software. Recently, live streaming is being conducted through HTML5 using two different standard protocols: HLS and DASH, that works with Apple and Android products respectively. This paper proposes a live-streaming approach that is linked on either of the two protocols which makes the system independent with the browser or OS. The client is possible to monitor real-time video streams without the need of any additional plug-ins. Moreover, by implementing open source libraries, development costs and time were economized. We verified usefulness of the proposed approach through mobile devices and extendability to other various applications of the system.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제41권7호
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• pp.676-683
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• 2018

Cilia are highly specialized antennae-like organelles that extend from the cell surface and act as cell signaling hubs. Intraflagellar transport (IFT) is a specialized form of intracellular protein trafficking that is required for the assembly and maintenance of cilia. Because cilia are so important, mutations in several IFT components lead to human disease. Thus, clarifying the molecular functions of the IFT proteins is a high priority in cilia biology. Live imaging in various species and cellular preparations has proven to be an important technique in both the discovery of IFT and the mechanisms by which it functions. Live imaging of Drosophila cilia, however, has not yet been reported. Here, we have visualized the movement of IFT in Drosophila cilia using time-lapse live imaging for the first time. We found that NOMPB-GFP (IFT88) moves according to distinct parameters depending on the ciliary segment. NOMPB-GFP moves at a similar speed in proximal and distal cilia toward the tip (${\sim}0.45{\mu}m/s$). As it returns to the ciliary base, however, NOMPB-GFP moves at ${\sim}0.12{\mu}m/s$ in distal cilia, accelerating to ${\sim}0.70{\mu}m/s$ in proximal cilia. Furthermore, while live imaging NOMPB-GFP, we observed one of the IFT proteins required for retrograde movement, Oseg4 (WDR35), is also required for anterograde movement in distal cilia. We anticipate our time-lapse live imaging analysis technique in Drosophila cilia will be a good starting point for a more sophisticated analysis of IFT and its molecular mechanisms.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.311-313
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• 2002

Proteolytic activity of live Uronema manum was analyzed by fluorescence polarization (FP) technique. Protease activity was measured by a decrease in FP value using fluorescein isothiocynate (FITC)-casein as a protein substrate. The results demonstrated an inverse linear relationship between fluorescence polarization (FP) values and live ciliate concentration over the range $1\times10^4\;to\;2\times10^5$ cells/well. However, the FP values of $10-10^3$ live parasites were not different significantly from that of control. Time-dependent decrease in FP value was shown in the wells containing live U. marinum. In the present study, FP assay had the benefit to provide measurements of substrate hydrolysis by live parasites in real-time, and did not require separations, precipitations, or transfers of reaction mixture.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.251-257
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• 2021

뉴 미디어의 발전으로 인해 사람들의 정보 습득 방식에 커다란 변화가 생기고 있다. 글이나 사진보다 콘텐츠 내용을 더 입체적인 전달할 수 있는 영상콘텐츠 활용이 그 변화다. 2016년 이후 실시간 라이브 방송 콘텐츠는 제공자와 사용자 모두 증가하는 추세이다. 본 논문은 Youtube Live 또는 DouyuTV를 플렛폼으로 하는 개인의 실시간 라이브 방송 콘텐츠를 연구 대상으로 하였다. 개인의 실시간 라이브 방송 사례에 수록된 디지털화된 정보 내용의 특징 또는 필요성을 분석하였다. 2020년에 코로나19로 인한 온라인 생활의 변화는 실시간 라이브 방송을 더 다양한 분야로 확대될 수 있음을 보여주었다. 디지털 첨단기술을 용합한 실시간 라이브 방송은 내용적인 측면 뿐만 아니라 영상콘텐츠를 소비하는 대중들의 영상 소비 문화에도 다양성을 제공하여 더 많은 사회적 가치를 만들 것으로 예측된다. 그러므로 향후 실시간 라이브 방송콘텐츠의 사회적 책임에 관한 심도 있는 연구가 필요하다고 생각한다.

• 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.1-20
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• 2021

Purpose Live streaming commerce refers to the fact that people receive live audio and live video directly over the net. While some e-retailers use Live Streaming as a marketing strategy, the impact of live streaming commerce on customers' reuse intentions is unknown. The purpose of this study is to discuss the impact of live streaming commerce by external environmental factors based on S-O-R theory. Design/methodology/approach In this study, we developed a research model based on the S-O-R theory. Using the questionnaire survey method, consumers who used live streaming commerce on Taobao.com were taken as research subjects. Our research model aims to find out how content attributes, real-time interactions, media characteristics, and situational characteristics as stimulus factors influence consumers' perceptions and thus reuse intentions. Findings The results of the analysis show that external environmental factors have a significant impact on consumer perceptions and that perceived risks and flows can influence consumers' reuse intentions. In addition, we also examined the impact of reuse intentions on consumers' active participation. These results show that live streaming commerce can influence consumer perceptions and behavior in several ways.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2012년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.146-148
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• 2012

오늘날 P2P 라이브 스트리밍 서비스에 대한 연구가 활발히 이뤄지고 있다. 라이브 스트리밍 서비스는 실시간성에 따라 시간적절성을 보장할 수 있어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 P2P 라이브 스트리밍 서비스에 참여하는 노드의 ISP정보와 지역정보를 활용하여, 부모노드탐색의 비용을 줄이면서 부모노드와의 지연시간을 측정할 수 있는 기법을 제안한다.

• 지식경영연구
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.269-286
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• 2021

최근 코로나19 여파로 언택트 및 온택트 소비 문화가 확산되면서, 커머스 및 유통 산업에서는 실시간 스트리밍 방송 형태로 고객들과 소통하며 쇼핑이 이뤄지는 '라이브 커머스'가 부상하고 있다. 라이브 커머스는 온라인 쇼핑의 편의성을 누리는 동시에 마치 오프라인 매장에서 직접 구매하듯이 방송진행자와 실시간 소통하며 언택트 쇼핑을 보다 현실감 있게 즐길 수 있는 환경을 제공하여 앞으로 그 이용이 더욱 확대될 것으로 예상된다. 본 연구에서는 라이브 커머스의 특징을 기반으로 라이브 커머스를 통한 구매의도 증가에 영향을 미치는 주요 요인을 도출하고 그 영향력을 검증하였다. 특히 본 연구에서는 라이브 커머스의 특징으로 강력한 상호작용성, 리얼한 현장감, 상품에 대한 신뢰도 높은 상세한 리뷰 제공에 초점을 두고 이들 요인들을 다차원적으로 고찰하였다. 본 연구는 라이브 커머스 실 사용자를 대상으로 데이터를 수집하여 라이브 커머스의 이용 활성화 요인을 실증적으로 분석함으로써, 언택트 시대 새롭게 변화된 커머스 환경에서의 지식경영을 위한 시사점을 제공할 수 있을 것이다.