• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.33-44
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between time perception and information search behavior of consumers. Data were obtained from 380 married people living in Seoul: 141 men and 239 women. Time perception was identified in two ways: one with time pressure and the other with time inclination, Information search behavior divided into three parts: search time search activity and content search. The results of this research indicated that there were significant relationship between consumer's time perception and each of information search behavior. The results of this study can be attributed to develop the efficient information search be attributed to dvelop the efficient information search behavior of consumers and to understand time perception variables related the consumer search behavior.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.11b
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• pp.597-603
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• 2001

Control of pressure transients in a hydraulic system may be important and necessary to avoid failures and to improve the efficiency of operation. Flow restricting devices can result in a decrease in the peak pressure, but may change the response time. The response time has an important effect on both operator and operator perceived smoothness. The response time should correspond to how fast a system responds to a given disturbance at the system boundary. Occasionally the appropriate response time is not easily determined. This study is on the response time characteristics in the hydraulic system studied for the control of response time.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.49-60
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• 1994

Recently there has been new work schedule developed in some companies which means starting the work at 7 and finishing at 4 This article studied on the effects of new work schedule on the time allocation by married couples. It was compared with the time spent by married couples in group of old work schedule. And it studied whether the change of work schedule affects the time allocation and satisfaction of couples. This survey was conducted from November to December 1993 One hundred and twenty none couples were considered to be valid sample for this study. The findings of this study are as follows: 1. Couples with new work schedule did perceive changes in the time allocation. 2. The total time for transportation and market work of husbands was decreased and leisure time showed a increase when there is new work schedule. 3. Husbands with new work schedule perceived that they spent more time in the household work leisure sharing with their children and sharing with spouses than husbands with old work schedule. 4. Couples with new work schedule showed higher marital satisfaction and family life satisfaction than couples with old work schedule.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.213-220
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• 2003

In this study, I analyzed dual-career commuting couples time use. Concretely, this study compared the husband with the wife on the becoming a commuter family, the living apart on weekdays. And it examined time use on weekdays and weekends by the time amount of each activities and the ratio of actor on each hour. The survey participants included 131 married people who were dual-career commuting couple and who were maintained separate residence and work place. The major findings are as follows: First, weekday separation of the dual-career commuting couples is largely due to career. This kind separation is mostly due to sociostructural labor market factor and individual factor to increasing working women. Second, 94.6%(53) of male participants were resident living apart from their family on weekdays. Third, the most wives mentioned some kind of emotional liberation such as freedom on weekdays. Finally, there was gender difference in the time spent on each activities when dual-career commuting couples are living together and they are apart. Especially the most gender difference on weekdays is household work time and leisure time.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.130-139
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• 2023

With the increasing popularity of computer-generated virtual influencers, the trend is rising especially on social media. Famous virtual influencer characters Lil Miquela and Imma were all created by CGI graphics workflows. The process is typically a linear affair. Iteration is challenging and costly. Development efforts are frequently siloed off from one another. Moreover, it does not provide a real-time interactive experience. In the previous study, a real-time graphic workflow was proposed for the Digital Actor Hologram project while the output graphic quality is less than the results obtained from the CGI graphic workflow. Therefore, a real-time engine graphic workflow for Virtual Influencers is proposed in this paper to facilitate the creation of real-time interactive functions and realistic graphic quality. The real-time graphic workflow is obtained from four processes: Facial Modeling, Facial Texture, Material Shader, and Look-Development. The analysis of performance with real-time graphical workflow for Digital Actor Hologram demonstrates the usefulness of this research result. Our research will be efficient in producing virtual influencers.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.21-44
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• 1988

In Korea, fee-for service reimbursement has been adopted from the begining of medical insurance system in 1977, and the importance of the relative value unit is currently being investigated. The purpose of this study was to find out the level of propriety of the difference in the fees for different surgical services, and the appropriateness of the classification of the insurance fee schedule. For the purpose of this study, specific subjects and the procedural methodology is shown as follows: 1. The propriety of the Relative Price System(RPS). 1) Choice of sample operations. In this study, sample operations were selected and classified by specialists in general surgery, and the number of items they classified were 32. For the same group of operations the Insurance Fee Schedule(IFS) classified the operations into 24 separate items. In order to investigate the propriety of the RPS, one of the purpose of this study, was to examine the 24 items classified by the IFS. 2) Evaluation of the complexity of surgery. The data used in this study was collected The data used in this study was collected from 94 specialists in general surgery by mail survey from November I to 15, 1986. Several independent variables (age, location, number of bed, university hospital, whether the medical institution adopt residents or not) were also investigated for analysis of the characteristics of surgical complexity. 3) Complexity and time calculations. Time data was collected from the records of the Seoul National University' Hospital, and the cost per operation was calculated through cost finding methods. 4) Analysis of the propriety of the Relative Price System of the Insurance Fee Schedule. The Relative Price System of the sample operation was regressed on the cost, time, comlexity relative ,value system (RVS) separately. The coefficient of determination indicates the degree of variation in the RPS of the Insurance Fee Schedule explained by the cost, time, complexity RVS separately. 2. The appropriateness of the classification of the Insurance Fee Schedule. 1) Choice of sample operations. The items which differed between the classification of the specialist and the classification of medical, Insurance Fee Schedule were chosen. 2) Comparisons of cost, time and complexity between the items were done to evaluate which classification was more appropriate. The findings of the study can be summarized as follows: 1. The coefficient of determination of the regression of the RPS on-cost RVS was 0.58, on time RVS was 0.65, and on complexity RVS was 0.72. This means that the RPS of Insurance Fee Schedule is improper with respect to the cost, time, complexity separately. Thus this indicates that RPS must be re-shaped according to the standard element. In this study, the correlation coefficients of cost, time, complexity Relative Value System were very high, and this suggests that RPS could be reshaped I according to anyone standard element. Considering of measurement, time was thought to be the most I appropriate. 2. The classifications of specialist and of the Insurance Fee Schedule were compared with respect to cost, time, and complexity separately. For complexity, ANOVA was done and the others were compared to the different values of different classifications. The result was that the classification of specialist was more reasonable and that the classification of Insurance Fee Schedule grouped inappropriately several into one price unit.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.647-655
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• 2012

Objective: The purpose of this study was to confirm difference between angular foot movement time and existing foot Fitts' law predicting times, and to develop the angular foot Fitts' law in the foot tapping task. Background: Existing studies of foot Fitts' law focused on horizontal movement to predict the movement time. However, when driving a car, humans move their foot from the accelerator to the brake with a fixed heel. Therefore, we examined the experiment to measure angular foot movement time in reciprocal foot tapping task and compared to conventional foot Fitts' law predicting time. And, we developed the angular foot Fitts' law. Method: In this study, we compared the angular foot movement time in foot tapping task and the predicted time of four conventional linear foot Fitts' law models - Drury's foot Fitts' law, Drury's ballistic, Hoffmann's ballistic, Hoffmann's visually-controlled. 11 subjects participated in this experiment to get a movement time and three target degrees of 20, 40, and 60 were used. And, conventional models were calculated for the prediction time. To analyze the movement time, linear and arc distance between targets were used for variables of model. Finally, the angular foot Fitts' law was developed from experimental data. Results: The average movement times for each experiment were 412.2ms, 474.9ms, and 526.6ms for the 89mm, 172mm, and 253mm linear distance conditions. The results also showed significant differences in performance time between different angle level. However, all of conventional linear foot Fitts' laws ranged 135.6ms to 401.2ms. On the other hand, the angular foot Fitts' law predicted the angular movement time well. Conclusion: Conventional linear foot Fitts' laws were underestimated and have a limitation to predict the foot movement time in the real task related angular foot movement. Application: This study is useful when considering the human behavior of angular foot movement such as driving or foot input device.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.1087-1095
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• 2016

The concepts of residence time and flushing time can be used to explain the exchange and transport of water or materials in a coastal sea. The application of these transport time scales are widespread in biological, hydrological, and geochemical studies. The water quality of the system crucially depends on the residence time and flushing time of a particle in the system. In this study, the residence and flushing time in Gamak Bay were calculated using the numerical model, EFDC, which includes a particle tracking module. The average residence time was 55 days in the inner bay, and the flushing time for Gamak Bay was about 44.8 days, according to the simulation. This means that it takes about 2 months for land and aquaculture generated particles to be transported out of Gamak Bay, which can lead to substances accumulating in the bay. These results show the relationships between the transport time scale and physical the properties of the embayment. The findings of this study will improves understanding of the water and material transport processes in Gamak Bay and will be important when assessing the potential impact of coastal development on water quality conditions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.103-112
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• 1996

Optimal pricing research in general has been focused on profit maximizing strategy under the given product life-time T. Here we have tried to study the effect of uncertain product life-time on dynamic optimal pricing strategy. In reality, the life-time of product is more likely to be uncertain and not known as well. In terms of approximating the model to the concerned reality, so-called model validity, it seems to be more desirable to consider the uncertainty of product life-time into the optimal pricing strategy model, For this purpose, we tried two different approaches. One is to consider diverse product life-time probability functions under fixed life-time T. In this case, we might have the same product life-time as the previous study, but the process could be different in the expectation of product's discontinuity. The other is that life-time itself is not determined and thus it is the situation in which we can only decide optimal price on incremental basis. The former is the situation in which although we got some strong guess on life-time of a certain product, the pattern of expected life-time probability could be different. The question is what could be optimal pricing strategies on such different product life-time situations. But since in the latter, we don't assume any idea on the life-time of product. proper optimal pricing could be derived only from the past prices and diffusion information. While the latter seems to be safer in the aspect of model assumption, the former could be more realistic because we might have more or less a prior knowledge on the product life-time itself.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.695-706
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• 2006

This study was to investigate the relationship between time spent on lunch and degree of obesity, eating habits in culinary college male students. This survey was conducted using questionnaires for 106 male students in a Hongseung-located culinary college. Over 16 minutes of time spent on lunch group had significantly lower body weights, obesity degrees and body mass index (BMI) and tended to have lower body fat % than the other groups. It suggests that shorter time spent on lunch is related with lower body weight, obesity degree and BMI. Those who ate the meal prepared by mother had longer time spent on lunch. The shorter times spent on lunch group recognized their body shape was lean, the longer time spent on lunch group recognized the overweight or obesity significantly. The shorter time spent on lunch group tended to eat the cooked rice in the gug and recognized that they were not healthy. Those who had diseases in the past tended to have shorter time spent on lunch. The more they chewed cooked rice and then longer time spent on lunch they had, they recognized their eating speed was not significantly speedy. The shorter time spent on lunch they had, the fewer fruits and salty foods they ate significantly. This study suggests that more chewing time. slower eating speed and longer time spent on eatmg lunch is very related with lowering weight, BMI, body fat % and obesity degrees, so male college students should be educated to have correct eating habits.