• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.95-99
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• 2009

본 연구는 뇌의 T2고속스핀에코 3.0T 자기공명영상에서 지방조직의 억제능력을 유지하면서 동시에 지방조직의 불균일성을 최소화할 수 있는 SPAIR의 적정 반전시간(TI)을 찾아보고, 지방억제기법인 STIR기법과도 비교하고자 한다. SPAIR 프로토콜의 반전시간(TI)은 SPAIR TR(420 msec)의 1/2, 1/3, 1/6, 1/12, 즉 210 msec(8명), 140 msec(26명), 70 msec(26명), 35 msec(18명)로 설정하고, STIR의 TI는 250 msec(26명)로 설정하여 뇌의 축방향 영상(104개)을 획득하였다. 출력영상의 지방조직, 근육조직, 백그라운드의 ROI($50\;mm^2$)를 설정하여 신호강도(SI)를 측정하였고, 지방과 근육조직과의 CNR을 산출하고, 지방조직에서 불균일치는 측정된 지방 신호의 평균치(mean)에 대한 표준편차(SD)로서 그 산출은 SD/mean으로 계산하였다. 측정결과는 첫째, SPAIR TI가 70 ms일 때, 지방조직의 신호강도가 TI가 140 ms 보다 낮게 측정되어 지방억제능력이 우수하였다. 둘째, SPAIR TI가 140 ms일 때, 영상의 질 측면에서 지방조직의 불균일치는 70 ms 보다 낮아서 영상의 질은 우수하게 나타났다. 따라서 SPAIR TI의 선택은 TR(420 ms)의 1/3인 140 ms와 1/6인 70 ms에서 결정되어야 하는데 지방조직의 억제능력과 지방조직의 불균일치에서 각각 통계적으로 유의한 차이(p < .001)를 보여 화질 측면에서 TI : 140 ms를 선택하는 것이 바람직하다고 생각한다. 한편, SPAIR(TI : 140 ms)와 STIR의 비교는 지방억제는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없으나(p < .252), 화질 측면에서 SPAIR가 STIR보다 우수한 결과를 보였고, 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p < .01).

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.81-89
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Modified Constraint-Induced Therapy (MCIT) on the effected upper extremity of children with hemiparesis. Four children with hemiparetic upper extremity caused by brain injuries were trained by MCIT for ten weeks. During the same period, all of the subjects were also involved in thirty-minute regular physical therapy and occupational therapy. During the treatment period, the unaffected upper extremities of the subjects were restrained by a specially designed hand splint or a mitten for five hours a day, five days per week. For two hours out of the five-hour restraint period, the affected upper extremities were intensively trained by performing various functional tasks, which were individually structured to emphasize use of the affected arm. A single-subject design with A-B-A reversal was employed in this study. The affected limb motor ability was evaluated by Melbourne Assessment, measuring the time to grasp and release nine pegs, and measuring grasping power. As a consequence of this study, the affected limb motor test scores of all four subjects in the baseline period were improved during the treatment period. Furthermore, the treatment effect was maintained during a one-month follow-up period. The results of this study support the assumption that MCIT is an effective therapeutic method to improve the sensory and motor abilities of hemiparetic children. It also increases the frequency of functional use of the hemiparetic hands of brain-injured children. Based on the results of this study, it can also be assumed that the modified CIT method is especially beneficial to these children by reducing the negative emotional effects of forceful restraint of the unaffected upper extremity. To optimize the functional recovery of the paretic upper extremity by CIT, the restriction period per day should be decided individually, according to the characteristics of the individual.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.233-243
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• 2012

본 연구는 만성요통환자에서 PNF 기법을 이용한 요부안정화 운동이 요부 심부근의 두께 변화와 기능적 활동에 미치는 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구대상은 만성 요통환자 30명을 대상으로 하였으며, 실험군을 세군으로 10명씩 무작위 할당하였다; 실험군I은 일반물리치료군(n=10), 실험군II는 일반 요부안정화운동군(n=10), 실험군III은 PNF 기법을 이용한 요부안정화운동군(n=10)으로 나누었다. VAS를 사용하여 통증 변화를 측정하였고, 초음파 장비를 사용하여 4주간의 각 운동에 따른 요부 심부근들(복횡근, 외복사근, 다열근)의 근 두께 변화를 알아보았고, ODQ, RMDQ를 사용하여 기능적 활동 수준 변화를 알아보았다. 그 결과, 실험 전 후에 실험군II와 실험군III의 비교에서 VAS와 근 두께의 변화에 유의한 차이를 보였으며, 각 실험군 간의 유의성 검정 결과, 실험군III에서 다른 군들에 비해 유의한 차이를 나타냈다. ODQ, RMDQ 검사 결과에서는 실험 전 후에 실험군II와 실험군III의 비교에서 유의한 차이를 보였으며, 각 실험군 간의 유의성 검정 결과, 실험군III에서 다른 군들에 비해 유의한 차이를 나타냈다. 이상의 결과로 보아, PNF 기법을 이용한 요부 안정화운동은 일반 요부안정화운동에 비해 통증경감 및 요부에 위치한 심부근들의 두께 향상에 더 효과적임을 알 수 있었으며, 이러한 결과는 기능적 활동수준에도 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.540-545
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• 2012

Background Patients have anxiety and fear of complications due to general anesthesia. Through new instruments and local anesthetic drugs, a variety of anesthetic methods have been introduced. These methods keep hospital costs down and save time for patients. In particular, the target-controlled infusion (TCI) system maintains a relatively accurate level of plasma concentration, so the depth of anesthesia can be adjusted more easily. We conducted this study to examine whether intravenous anesthesia using the TCI system with propofol and remifentanil would be an effective method of anesthesia in breast augmentation. Methods This study recruited 100 patients who underwent breast augmentation surgery from February to August 2011. Intravenous anesthesia was performed with 10 mg/mL propofol and 50 ${\mu}g/mL$ remifentanil simultaneously administered using two separate modules of a continuous computer-assisted TCI system. The average target concentration was set at 2 ${\mu}g/mL$ and 2 ng/mL for propofol and remifentanil, respectively, and titrated against clinical effect and vital signs. Oxygen saturation, electrocardiography, and respiratory status were continuously measured during surgery. Blood pressure was measured at 5-minute intervals. Information collected includes total duration of surgery, dose of drugs administered during surgery, memory about surgery, and side effects. Results Intraoperatively, there was transient hypotension in two cases and hypoxia in three cases. However, there were no serious complications due to anesthesia such as respiratory difficulty, deep vein thrombosis, or malignant hypertension, for which an endotracheal intubation or reversal agent would have been needed. All the patients were discharged on the day of surgery and able to ambulate normally. Conclusions Our results indicate that anesthetic methods, where the TCI of propofol and remifentanil is used, might replace general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation in breast augmentation surgery.

• 신재생에너지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.33-43
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• 2012

Why solar companies preferred vertical integration of whole value chain? Major solar companies have built internally strong vertical integration of entire PV value chain. We raise a question whether such integration increases the corporate value and whether market situation affects the result. To test these questions, we conducted multi-variant analysis where characteristic factors mainly affect the corporate value measured in terms of Tobin'Q, based on the financial and non-financial data of PV companies listed in US stock market between 2005 and 2010. We hypothesize that since integration increases the overall efficiency but decreases the flexibility to adjust to various market situation, the combined effect of the efficiency gain and the flexibility loss ultimately determines the sign of integration effect on the corporate vale. We infer that the combined effect will be influenced heavily by business cycle, as in boom market (Seller's market) the efficiency gain may be larger than the flexibility loss and vice versa in bust market. We test whether the sign of combined effect changes after the year of 2009 and which factors influence most the sign. Year of 2009 is known as the year when market shifted from Seller's to Buyer's market. We show that 1) integration increases corporate value in general but after 2009 integration significantly decreases the value, 2) the ratios such as Production/Total Cost, Cash turnover period chosen for reversal of the flexibility measure are negatively affect Tobin's Q and especially stronger after 2009. This shows the flexibility improves corporate value and stronger in the recess period (Buyer's market). These results imply that solar company should set up integration strategy considering the tradeoff between efficiency and flexibility and the impact of the business cycle on both factors. Strategy only based on the price competitiveness determined in boom time can bring undesirable outcomes to the company. In addition, Strategic alliances in some value chains as a flexible bondage should be taken in account as complementary choice to the rigid integration.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제31권4C호
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• pp.331-340
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• 2006

이 논문에서는 다중경로 채널 환경에서 비동기식(Noncoherent) 초광대역(Ultra Wide Band) 무선통신 시스템의 고속 고신뢰 신호 동기획득을 위해, 저자들이 동기식(Coherent) 초광대역 시스템을 위해 제안하였던 TSS-LS (Two-Step Search scheme with Linear search based Second step). 기법을 비동기식 초광대역 시스템에 확장 적용하는 방안을 제안한다. 간단한 에너지 윈도우 뱅크를 사용하는 제안된 비동기식 TSS-LS 기법은 고속의 동기획득을 위해 두 단계의 서로 다른 문턱값과 탐색창을 적용하게 된다. 더욱이 다중경로 채널의 실효 지연 확산 범위에서의 시작 지점을 정확히 찾고 비동기식 초광대역 변복조와 연동했을 때 신뢰성 있는 비트오율(Bit Error Rate) 성능을 얻기 위해 두 번째 단계에서 선형 알고리즘을 적용한다. IEEE 802.15.3a의 다중경로 채널 모형을 이용한 모의실험 결과, 일반적인 탐색 기법보다 제안된 기법의 평균 동기획득 소요 시간이 큰 폭으로 단축됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, 신호 동기획득 과정과 연동된 비트오율 성능 평가에서 신호대잡음비가 높을 때 이상적인 동기획득의 경우에 필적하는 매우 우수한 성능을 보임을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.64-86
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• 1994

The authors have transplanted periodontally involved roots which had been root planed into healthy and periodontally involved extraction sockets, and studied the root resorption patterns as well as its effect on new bone formation and wound healing. Alveolar bone around mandibular premolars of 6 adult dogs has been surgically removed, followed by ligation of orthodontic elastic wires for 8 weeks inducing chronic periodontal disease. After removing the crown portions, roots were extracted, and notches were made on the root surfaces discriminating healthy and periodontally involved areas using burs. Controls and experimental groups were divided as follows. Control I : Transplantation of periodontally involved root into healthy extraction sockets. Control II : Transplantation of periodontally involved root into diseased extraction sockets. Experimental group I : Transplantation of root planed roots into healthy extraction sockets. Experimental group II : Transplantation of root planed roots into diseased extraction sockets. Extraction sockets were sutured after transplantations, completely submerging the roots. Healing progress was histologically observed at 2nd, 8th, 12th, and 20th weeks, and the results were as follows ; 1. No inflammation or infection within the extraction sockets had been observed in all groups throughout the experimental period. 2. Reversal lines were observed at week 2 in all groups, clearly discriminating socket walls and new bone, and numerous blood vessels were observed in the new bone trabeculae. 3. Experimental groups showed markedly less root resorption compared to the controls at week 2, but as time progressed, severe resorptions were present in all groups. 4. Localized areas of new bone ankylosis were observed, and the rest of the areas showed collagen fiber insertion with new bone formation at its periphery. 5. No clear differences were found in healing and alveolar bone regeneration between healthy and diseased extraction sockets. 6. The amount of root resorption and ankylosis had increased up to week 8 and 12, showing ankylosis of new bone and the roots. However, no further increase in ankylosis was observed at week 20. 7. Most of the cementum on healthy roots was directly ankylosed to new bone at week, 2, and were gradually resorbed and replaced by new bone thereafter. These results appear to indicate that root planing may inhibit early root resorption of transplanted roots, but gradual replacement by alveolar bone and collagen fibers eventually occur. Condition of the roots or presence of disease in extraction sockets do not appear to make marked differences in alveolar bone regeneration process.

• 한국인구학
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.159-178
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• 2011

한국은 합계출산율이 대체수준 이하로 떨어진 1980년대 중반부터 1990년대 중반에 이르기까지 출생성비가 급격하게 상승하는 현상을 경험하였다. 출생성비의 상승은 대구, 부산과 경상북도 및 경상남도를 포함하는 영남 지역에서 두드러졌다. 한국의 출생성비는 1993년과 1994년 정점에 도달한 이후 지속적으로 저하하였으며, 2007년에 이르면 정상수준으로 낮아진 것으로 판단된다. 국제사회에서 한국은 짧은 기간에 출생성비의 저하를 성공적으로 달성한 국가로 널리 인정된다. 그러나 출산순위 및 부모의 사회경제적 지위에 따른 출생성비를 살펴보면 아직도 비정상적으로 높은 출생성비가 관찰된다. 이러한 현상은 영남 지역에서 가장 두드러지게 나타난다. 아직도 일부 지역과 집단에서는 성선별 출산행위가 광범하게 이루어지고 있는 것으로 판단된다. 이 연구의 주된 목적은 2009년 출생신고 원자료를 활용하여 어머니의 연령, 출산순위, 부모의 교육수준과 직업 등에 따른 출생성비의 편차를 영남 지역을 대상으로 파악하는 것이다. 이 연구에서는 출생성비의 불균형을 초래하는 성선별 출산행위의 설명틀을 적용하여 영남 지역에서 나타나는 출생성비의 집단간 편차를 설명하고자 시도한다. 마지막으로, 이 연구에서는 인공유산에 대하여 가용한 자료가 없다는 점을 감안하여, 1994년, 2005년, 2009년의 세 시점에서 성선별 출산행위에 관한 시뮬레이션 작업이 이루어졌다. 이 시뮬레이션 작업의 결과들은 성감별과 성선별 출산행위가 세 시점에서 얼마나 광범하게 이루어졌고, 아울러 출생성비에 미친 파급효과가 어떠하였는가를 확인해준다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.89-112
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• 2002

The earliest reports of the use of electrical energy to directly stimulate bone healing seem to be in 1853 from England, the techniques involved the introduction of direct current into the non-united fracture site percutaneously via metallic needles, with subsequent healing of the defect. One endpoint of the periodontal therapy is to generate structure lost by periodontal diseases. Several procedural advances may support regeneration of attachment, however, regeneration of alveolar bone does not occur consistently. Therefore, factors which stimulate bone repair are areas for research in periodontal reconstructive therapy. Effects of cytokines or growth factors on bone repair are examples of such areas. Another one is electrical current which occurs in bone naturally, so that such bone may be particularly susceptible to electrical therapy. The purposes of this study were to observe the effects of electrical stimulation on the normal periodontium, to determine whether the electricity is the useful means for periodontal regeneration or not. Forty rats weighted about 100 gram were used and divided into 4 groups, the first group, there was no electrical stimulation with the connection of electrodes only. In the second group, there was stimulated by the 10 mA during 10 minutes per a day, in the third group was stimulated by the 25 mA , and the fourth by the 50 mA. At 3, 5, 10 and 15 days post-appliance , two rats in each group were serially sacrificed. and the maxillae and the mandible processed to paraffin, and the specimens were prepared with Hematoxylin-Eosin stain for the light microscopic evaluation. The results of this study were as follows : 1. There was the distinct reversal line on the lingual alveolar crest, whereas a little changes in the labial alveolarcrest to the duration and amount of currents. 2. In 50 mA group, the cells were highly concentrated at the apex of anterior teeth, and was observed the necrotic tissue. In posterior root apex, the hypercementosis was appeared, and newly formed cementum layer has been increased continuously with the time. 3. The periodontal ligament fiber and Sharpey's fiber were arranged in order, and the bone trabeculae were increased as the experiment proceeded by, relatively the bone marrows were decreased. 4. In the pulp tissue, the blood vessels were increased with blood congestion in the experimetal specimens remarkably, and the dentinal tubules were obstructed . 5. The osteoblasts in alveolar bone proper had been showed highly activity, and also observed the formation of bone trabeculea. In the conclusion, it was suggested that the electrical stimulation has influence on the periodontium and the pulp tissue. However, there might be the injurious effects.

• 재활치료과학
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.39-52
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• 2021

목적 : 본 연구의 목적은 기억력 장애를 가진 성인 환자를 대상으로 기억력 향상을 위한 작업치료 중재를 수행한 단일대상연구의 특성을 확인하고 질적 수준을 알아보는 것이다. 연구방법 : 본 연구는 2011년부터 2020년까지 기억력 향상 작업치료 중재 연구 중 단일대상연구 설계를 적용한 총 6편의 논문을 분석한 문헌연구로, 연구내용에 대한 일반적 특성 및 연구방법의 질적 수준을 분석하였다. 결과 : 분석대상의 질적 수준은 66.7%(4편)가 중간 수준이었고 33.3%(2편)는 높은 수준이었으며, 낮은 수준의 연구는 없었다. 단일대상연구 설계 유형은 모두 반전설계로 ABA가 가장 많았다. 대상자는 뇌졸중, 치매, 경도인지장애 환자였으며, 대상자 수는 1~3명이었다. 독립변수는 오차배제훈련, 어플리케이션 활용 중재, 전산화인지훈련, 시간차회상훈련이었다. 종속변수는 공통변수인 기억력과 함께 집중력, 뇌파변화, 수단적 일상생활활동 및 우울이었다. 중재시간은 30~40분, 중재회기는 6~15회기였으며, 총 연구기간은 3~8주로 다양하였다. 중재 결과 모든 연구에서 중재 후 종속변수가 향상된 것으로 보고되었다. 결론 : 기억력훈련에 대한 단일대상연구 적용 작업치료 중재 연구들은 모두 중간 이상의 질적 수준을 보여 임상에서 적용 시 근거기반자료로 의의가 있으며, 기억력 향상에 효과적인 연구들이라는 것을 확인하였다.