• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.89-97
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• 2005

Recently, for the problem solution of demand and supply imbalance of fine aggregate due to the shortage of natural fine aggregate resource and the environment regulation on sea sand extraction in the construction field, the studies for the application of recycled fine aggregate using waste concrete are being progressed versatilely. On the other hand, the treatment of fly-ashes that of industrial by-product originated in the steam power plant is discussed by the continuous increasing of origination quantities. In the ease of using fly-ash, advantages are the improvement of workability, viscosity and long-time strength, and the reduction of hydration heat under the early ages, as the admixtures for concrete, but the studies for the application of fly-ash as recycled concrete admixtures are inadequacy. There fore, in this study, through investigating the properties of fresh, hardened and durability according to the replacement of recycled fine aggregate and fly-ash, it is intended to propose the fundamental data for structural application of recycled concrete using recycled fine aggregate and fly-ash. As the result of this study, they arc shown that the engineering properties and durability, in the case of replacement ratio 100% of recycled fine aggregate, arc similar to those of concrete using natural fine aggregate, so it is considered that recycled fine aggregate could be used as the fine aggregate for concrete. Also, the performances of recycled concrete are improved by replacing fly-ash.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.92-96
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• 2004

pH, Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli of under-utilized broiler viscera silage added with table sugar during storage at 25$^{\circ}C$ were investigated. pH of silage with 0 and 1 %(w/w) table sugar increased continuously after day 2, but that of 3, 4 and 5% remained 4.0∼4.2 after decrease from 5.2 at day 0. The Campylobacter spp. count of 0% was 8.21 at day 4, however that of 3 and 5% showed 7.56 and 7.38 logCFU/mL, respectively. The Salmonella spp. of 0% maintained 5.8∼6.8 logCFU/mL during fermentation, but that of 3 and 5% was not detected after day 4. The initial E. coli count of silage without table sugar was 5.8 log CFU/mL, but reduced to 4.1 log CFU/mL at day 2, and maintained at the level between 4.0 and 5.0 log CFU/mL, thereafter. However, E. coli was not detected in the silage with 3 and 5% table sugar after day 2. The counts of Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli of under-utilized broiler viscera silage reduced markedly by adding table sugar. It was proved that the possibility of microbiologically safe broiler offal silage as a potential resource for animal feed materials was improved.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.89-123
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• 1996

The world has moved from the Cold War between the east and the west and moved toward the age without idealogy. It places emphasis on economic benefit and welfare of its own nation as its main point With this world trend, in order to sam the competitiveness and the reconciliation of the divided nation the north and the south Korea should be united. Once the north and the south are united, information society will be altered with the huge flow of the civilization. At the same time, the issue of how to operate library policies and system, in which effective acquisition, manipulation, accumulation, and dissemination of information un would be very important. From this point of view, the following conclusions are obtained in this study. Firstly, when building a national library preparing for the national unification. it is essential to introduce 1) the concept of policy and system for information society and 2) that of policy and system which has national-culture as its focus. Secondly, it is essential to prepare the cooperative-structure between libraries prior to the national unification. This kind of cooperation should gradually expand to an extent that allows actual benefits such as building union catalog, inter-library loan system, resource sharing, standardized cataloging rules, and exchange of dissertation... etc. Thirdly, developing the library policies and systems for the national unification must be based on the concept of the mutual cooperation as inter-dependent model rather than on the concept of the incorporation-absorption as a dominant model. The next point the principles of the followings in preparing the library policies should be considered: 1) free-competition, 2) revolution of consciousness through the social education, 3) independence and love for humanity, 4) scientific or reasonable thinking, 5) job responsibility, 6) democratic citizenship, 7) mind far collective life, 8) spirit of public interest 9) globalization In addition, the model of the library systems preparing for thenational unification should include the followings : 1) uniformity of library system and its authority, 2) establishment of research institutes for library policy and system, 3) exchange of library establishment and information resources, 4) building library networks, 5) establishment of education systems for the library and information science and enhancement of its quality, 6) modernizing and developing information technology and its transfer. Finally, the libraries in the north and the south has different concepts, goals, information resources, and the different ways of using them. Considering the practical aspects of the libraries and the reasons for their existence, they must structure the mutual cooperative system so as to minimize the shock when confronting the social changes, so-called the national unification.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.439-445
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• 2014

This study aimed to determine the quality characteristics of ginseng seed oil as well as evaluate the efficacy of ginseng seed oil as a food resource. Ginseng seed oil was obtained by different extraction methods; from solvent extraction oil, supercritical fluid extraction oil, and screw pressed extraction oil. Total unsaturated fatty acids were present at 97.72~97.92%. Oleic acid (80.13~81.16%) was the highest, followed by linoleic acid (14.98~15.69%). The total phenol content (mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g oil) was higher in screw pressed extraction oil ($56.32{\pm}1.47$) compared to others. ${\gamma}$-Tocopherol was only present in ginseng seed oil and screw pressed extraction oil showed the highest levels of ${\gamma}$-tocopherol ($5.95{\pm}0.25$ mg/100g oil) among the tested samples. Screw pressed extraction oil showed the greatest oxidative stability with an induction time of 16.58 hours. Acid values and peroxide values of ginseng seed oil increased with increasing storage period. The total phenol and ${\gamma}$-tocopherol contents were higher in screw pressed extraction oil than in other ginseng seed oils, which suggests that screw pressed extraction oil has the greatest oxidative stability.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.50-57
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of soybean meal (SM) and soluble starch (SS) on biogenic amine production and microbial diversity using in vitro ruminal fermentation. Treatments comprised of incubation of 2 g of mixture (expressed as 10 parts) containing different ratios of SM to SS as: 0:0, 10:0, 7:3, 5:5, 3:7, or 0:10. In vitro ruminal fermentation parameters were determined at 0, 12, 24, and 48 h of incubation while the biogenic amine and microbial diversity were determined at 48 h of incubation. Treatment with highest proportion of SM had higher (p<0.05) gas production than those with higher proportions of SS. Samples with higher proportion of SS resulted in lower pH than those with higher proportion of SM after 48 h of incubation. The largest change in $NH_3$-N concentration from 0 to 48 h was observed on all SM while the smallest was observed on exclusive SS. Similarly, exclusive SS had the lowest $NH_3$-N concentration among all groups after 24 h of incubation. Increasing methane ($CH_4$) concentrations were observed with time, and $CH_4$ concentrations were higher (p<0.05) with greater proportions of SM than SS. Balanced proportion of SM and SS had the highest (p<0.05) total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) while propionate was found highest in higher proportion of SS. Moreover, biogenic amine (BA) was higher (p<0.05) in samples containing greater proportions of SM. Histamines, amine index and total amines were highest in exclusive SM followed in sequence mixtures with increasing proportion of SS (and lowered proportion of SM) at 48 h of incubation. Nine dominant bands were identified by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and their identity ranged from 87% to 100% which were mostly isolated from rumen and feces. Bands R2 (uncultured bacterium clone RB-5E1) and R4 (uncultured rumen bacterium clone L7A_C10) bands were found in samples with higher proportions of SM while R3 (uncultured Firmicutes bacterium clone NI_52), R7 (Selenomonas sp. MCB2), R8 (Selenomonas ruminantium gene) and R9 (Selenomonas ruminantium strain LongY6) were found in samples with higher proportions of SS. Different feed ratios affect rumen fermentation in terms of pH, $NH_3$-N, $CH_4$, BA, volatile fatty acid and other metabolite concentrations and microbial diversity. Balanced protein and carbohydrate ratios are needed for rumen fermentation.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.663-672
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• 2014

In Korea and the Philippines, as well as all over the world, with the recognition of the importance of marine ecological resources, the marine protected areas(MPA) have been established and managed to protect and preserve these resources. While the number of marine protected areas for marine ecological resources protection has been increased, there is main problem that the most of MPAs do not achieve their intended management objectives. the effective management. Because of the positive and negative impacts on local communities and fishermen as direct stockholders, there has been ongoing debate on the pros and cons of implementing MPAs. Accordingly, this research conducted a case study of establishing Marine Protected Areas in Guimaras, Philippines because Philippines fisheries code of 1998 (Republic Act 8550), which is enacted to manage, conserve and protect fishery resources, obliged local governments to designate no less than 15% of jurisdictional municipal water as fisheries resource protection areas for a long time. To do this, a dichotomous-choice contingent-valuation survey was conducted in the two municipalities of Guimaras, Philippines to investigate public opinion in debates over MPAs and to estimate willingness to pay (WTP) for MPAs to protect and conserve marine habitats for fishery resources. Because of the expected economic costs by prohibiting fishing activities within the establishing newMPA, 58.7% of respondents thought the costs should be compensated, but 91.4% respondents voted in favor of increasing MPAs for fisheries resources as a protective measure. Finally, with Contingent Valuation Method(CVM), the aggregate mean WTP (375.5ha) of San Lorenzo and Sibunag residents in Guimaras Province, Philippines for establishing the additional MPA in their municipality waters was estimated to $1,046,791. Therefore, these findings could be used as a valuable data for establishing effective management plan of MPAs in Korea.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.251-258
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• 2020

This study investigated the effect of Zardaverine supplementation in freezing extender, on kinetic characteristics of post-thawed boar sperm. Cryopreservation of boar sperm is an important technique of assisted reproductive technology and genetic resource banking. Although this technique is particularly useful, freeze-thaw cycles associated with sperm cryopreservation significantly reduce sperm quality. Semen from mature Duroc boars were collected and cryopreserved in freezing extenders (LEY) treated with varying concentrations of Zardaverine (0, 20, 50, 75, 100 𝜇M). The time-dependent kinetic characteristics of post-thawed spermatozoa were determined after thawing by applying computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA). We observed that the motility immediately after thawing was significantly higher in 20 𝜇M stocks than in control (0 𝜇M) and the other treatments (p<0.05). Curvilinear velocity (VCL) in 0 𝜇M and 20 𝜇M stocks were significantly higher than the other treatment groups, except 75 𝜇M (p<0.05). Higher average path velocity (VAP) was obtained at 20 𝜇M as compared to 100 𝜇M, whereas amplitude of head lateral displacement (ALH) was significantly higher at 20 𝜇M than 50 𝜇M and 100 𝜇M (p<0.05). No differences were obtained for Straight-line velocity (VSL) and Linearity (LIN). In conclusion, our results indicate that Zardaverine improves the motility, VCL, VAP, and ALH of post-thawed boar sperm.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.37
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• pp.325-354
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• 2013

The concept of national security and the fundamental system for crisis management have departed from traditional methods and the importance of a national critical infrastructure crisis management has been emphasized. A national critical infrastructure crisis means a situation where human resource, material and functional system that may have a material effect on the critical functions of the government, the vitality and integrity of society, national economy and the safety of the public becomes disabled due to causes such as terrorism or major disasters. Although North Korea had been subject to numerous rounds of negotiations and sanctions as it continually developed nuclear weapons since the 1960s, it has also showed off its nuclear armaments through successful nuclear testings and missile launches. As the development and threat of North Korea's weapons of mass destruction becomes more noticeable and the range of its risk expands, this study focuses on the potential for an absence of leadership for national crisis management where the country's leadership, which should serve the critical role and function of handling national crises, becomes completely destroyed by the unexpected initial attacks by North Korea. As a result, the purpose of this study is to propose safety measures for the country's leadership in preparation for North Korea's threat of nuclear weapons by examining the concept and degree of risk of weapons of mass destruction with a focus on nuclear weapons, analyzing the substance of the threat of North Korean nuclear weapons and evaluating such threat. In conclusion, first, to ensure the normal functioning of a national crisis management system in the event of a national crisis, we must seek safety measures that conform to the scope and succession order of the leadership of the national crisis management for an Enduring Constitutional Government (ECG) and the Continuity Of Operations (COOP). Second, in the event of a national ceremony, the gathering of the country's leadership all together in an open place should be avoided. In unavoidable circumstances, the next in rank that will act on behalf of the current leader should be designated and relevant safety measures should be taken. Third, during time of peace, in preparation for national crises, the scope of protection for the country's leadership should be prescribed and specific security and safety measures should be implemented. Fourth, the succession order for acting president in the case of the death of the president pursuant to Articles 71 and 26(1) of the National Government Organization Act should reconsidered to see whether it is a reasonable provision that takes into consideration a national crisis management that corresponds to the threat of North Korean nuclear weapons and weapons of mass destruction. Pursuant to the Basic Guidelines for National Crisis Management set out under Presidential Directive No. 229, the Korean government is currently operating a case-by-case "crisis management standard manual" and its sub-manuals and has also prepared the Presidential Security Service's security and safety measure regulations regarding the acting president. Therefore, the Korean government should actualize the above points in the case-by-case crisis management standard manual and security and safety measure regulations regarding the acting president to implement and legislate them.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.67-72
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• 2000

Background :The authors have developed a Digital image chart(DIC) and digital Radiotherapy Record System (DRRS). We have evaluated the DIC and DRRS for reliability, usefulness, ease of use, and efficiency. Materials and Methods :The basic design of the DIC and DRRS was to build an digital image database of radiation therapy Patient records for a more efficient and timely flow of critical image information throughout the department. This system is a submit of comprehensive radiation oncology management system (C-ROMS) and composed of a picture archiving and communication system (PACS), a radiotherapy information database, and a radiotherapy imaging database. The DIC and DRRS were programmed using Delphi under a Windows 95 environment and is capable of displaying the digital images of patients identification photos, simulation films, radiotherapy setup, diagnostic radiology images, gross lesion Photos, and radiotherapy Planning isodose charts with beam arrangements. Twenty-three clients in the department are connected by Ethernet (10 Mbps) to the central image server (Sun Ultra-sparc 1 workstation). Results :From the introduction of this system in February 1998 through December 1999, we have accumulated a total of 15,732 individual images for 2,556 patients. We can organize radiation therapy in a 'paperless' environment in 120 patients with breast cancer. Using this system, we have succeeded in the prompt, accurate, and simultaneous access to patient care information from multiple locations throughout the department. This coordination has resulted in improved operational efficiency within the department. Conclusion :The authors believe that the DIC and DRRS has contributed to the improvement of radiation oncology department efficacy as well as to time and resource savings by providing necessary visual information throughout the department conveniently and simultaneously. As a result, we can also achieve the 'paperless' and 'filmless' practice of radiation oncology with this system.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.212-218
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• 2015

In South Korea, various nature-like fishways recently been installed for use by a wide variety of fish species. However, limited attempts have been made to monitor the fish utilization. The present study was conducted to ascertain the frequencies and patterns of utilization of the fishway installed at Beakjae Weir. We collected fish species that use the fishway by installing a fyke net at the exit of the fishway at least once a month from April 2013 to October 2013. Additionally, in order to identify all fish species that can potentially use the fishway, we investigated the fish fauna downstream to Beakjae Weir (mainstream of the Geum River). We found that 10 species belonging to 2 families used the fishway; this accounted for 64% of the total species inhabiting the mainstream. The species that used the fishway most frequently were Microphysogobio jeoni, followed by Squaliobarbus curriculus and Opsariichthys uncirostris amurensis. The highest number of fish using the fishway was observed in August, which was positively correlated with the water temperature (Spearman rank correlation, $r_s$=0.743, P=0.035). The sizes of the fish using the fishway varied widely, with the total body length ranging from 39 mm to 550 mm. Analysis of the time-dependent utilization frequency revealed that most fish used the fishway during the night (20:00~08:00). Compared to other fishways installed along the Geum River, the fishway installed at Beakjae Weir was used by fewer species and fish. This may be attributed to the structural inadequacy of the fishway, thereby resulting in a low attraction efficiency. Therefore, measures should be adopted to enhance the fishway attraction and passage efficiency. The results of this study can be used to ensure efficient operation and management of the Beakjae Weir fishway as well as serve as basic data for developing and building nature-like fishways tailored to Korean situations.