• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2006

To improve maritime safety, it is very important not only to make safer design and operation but also to do proper response in case of maritime casualty. The large-scaled casualties will be caused by loss of structural strength and stability due to the progressive flooding and enlargement of damage by the effect of waves and wind. To prevent foundering and structural failure, the prediction of ship motion behavior of damaged ship in wave is necessary. This paper describes the motion behavior of damaged ship in waves through theoretical and experimental studies. A time domain theoretical model of damaged ship motions and accidental flooding, which can be applied to any type of ship or arrangement and considers the effects of flooding of compartments, has been developed. The model tests have been carried out in regular and irregular waves with different wave heights and directions in ship motion basin. Those were performed for three different damaged conditions such as engine room bottom damage, side shell damage and bow visor damage of a Ro-Ro ship. Comparison of theoretical and experimental results was performed.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.70-78
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• 2021

Naval surface ships and submarines could be exposed to non-contact underwater explosion(UNDEX) environment. Equipment installed on the ships and submarines could be damaged by shock load generated by UNDEX environment. Therefore, shock survivability of equipment generally evaluated by shock tests. Ground based shock test machine such as Light weight shock test machine(LVSM) is developed to simulate shock load caused by UNDEX environment. In this study, linear dynamic model of LVSM is proposed and evaluated to improve shock test design procedure. Parameters of the model are decided by optimizing time domain response compared to zero payload experiment. Proposed model is verified by comparing simulation results and test results of maximum payload experiment. Finally, shock test design using the model is described for various test equipment weight.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.390-402
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• 2022

Offshore wind energy has become a major energy source, and various studies are underway to increase the economic feasibility of floating offshore wind turbines (FOWT). In this study, the characteristics of wave-induced motion of a combined wind-wave energy platform were analyzed to reduce the variability of energy extraction. A user subroutine was developed, and numerical analysis was performed in connection with the ANSYS-AQWA hydrodynamic program in the time domain. A platform combining the TLP-type FOWT and the Wavestar-type wave energy converter (WEC) was proposed. Each motion response of the platform on the second-order wave load, the effect of WEC attachment and Power take-off (PTO) force were analyzed. The mooring line tension according to the installation location was also analyzed. The vertical motion of a single FOWT was increased approximately three times due to the second-order sum-frequency wave load. The PTO force of the WEC played as a vertical motion damper for the combined platform. The tension of the mooring lines in front of the incident wave direction was dominantly affected by the pitch of the platform, and the mooring lines located at the side of the platform were mainly affected by the heave of the platform.

• Composites Research
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.31-36
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• 2007

본 연구는 압전 변환기를 이용하여 탄소/에폭시 복합재료 보의 초기 균열 길이에 대한 정량적인 예측방법을 제시하였다. 구조물의 손상에 대한 비파괴평가기술에 대한 관심은 증가하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 시간-주파수 영역에서 웨이블렛 변환에 기초한 신호처리기술로 손상 유무와 손상평가를 위한 방법을 제시하였다. 한 쌍의 피에조 재료를 이용하여 탄소/에폭시 복합재료 보의 동적응답을 제안한 신호처리 기술로 협대역 가진하에서 연구하였다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.131-143
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• 2023

The CFRP bar was used to achieve more ductile and durable headed-stud shear connectors in composite components. Three series of push-out tests were firstly conducted, including specimens reinforced with pure steel fibers, steel and CFRP bars. The distributed stress was measured by the commercial PPP-BOTDA (Pre-Pump-Pulse Brillouin optical time domain analysis) optical fiber sensor with high spatial resolution. A series of numerical analyses using non-linear FE models were also made to study the shear force transfer mechanism and crack response based on the test results. Test results show that the CFRP bar increases the shear strength and stiffness of the large diameter headed-stud shear connection, and it has equivalent reinforcing effects on the stud shear capacity as the commonly used steel bar. The embedded CFRP bar can also largely improve the shear force transfer mechanism and decrease the tensile stress in the transverse direction. The parametric study shows that low content steel fibers could delay the crack initiation of slab around the large diameter stud, and the CFRP bar with normal elastic modulus and the standard reinforcement ratio has good resistance to splitting crack growth in headed stud shear connectors.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.208-212
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• 2009

지면파는 해저면 음속이 깊이에 따라 일정할 경우 해저면 음속으로 진행하는 음파로 일반적으로 모드분산으로부터 설명된다. 모드분산은 도파관의 기하학적 구조에 의한 음파의 반사 및 굴절에 의해 발생되므로 본 논문에서는 지면파를 음선이론에 기초하여 모의하였다. 지면파는 일련의 선두파들의 조합으로써 해석될 수 있으므로 [Choi와 Dahl, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 119, 3660-3668 (2006)], 음선 접근법을 이용하여 시간영역에서 여러 경로로 전파되는 선두파들의 채널 임펄스 응답과 선두파 신호의 컨볼루션을 취하여 지면파를 모의한다. 모의된 지면파는 광대역 시간영역 포물선 방정식 기법을 이용하여 모의된 지면파와 비교, 검증된다.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.161-170
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• 2024

In recent years, there have been an increasing number of experimental studies showing the need to include robustness criteria in the design process to develop complex active control designs for practical implementation. The paper investigates the crosswind aerodynamic parameters after the blocking phase of a two-dimensional square cross-section structure by measuring the response in wind tunnel tests under light wind flow conditions. To improve the accuracy of the results, the interpolation of the experimental curves in the time domain and the analytical responses were numerically optimized to finalize the results. Due to this combined effect, the three aerodynamic parameters decrease with increasing wind speed and asymptotically affect the upper branch constants. This means that the aerodynamic parameters along the density distribution are minimal. Taylor series are utilized to describe the fuzzy nonlinear plant and derive the stability analysis using polynomial function for analyzing the aerodynamic parameters and numerical simulations. Due to it will yield intricate terms to ensure stability criterion, therefore we aim to avoid kinds issues by proposing a polynomial homogeneous framework and utilizing Euler's functions for homogeneous systems. Finally, we solve the problem of stabilization under the consideration by SOS (sum of squares) and assign its fuzzy controller based on the feasibility of demonstration of a nonlinear system as an example.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2013

The statistics of recent accidents in warehouses show that a heavy toll of lives were produced by various accidents, e.g. collision, overturn, fall, slip, exposure to harmful substances or environments, etc. Of significant concern amongst them is the collision, especially the collision between forklift and storage rack structure. Accordingly, this study focuses on behavioral characteristics of rack structure subjected to dynamic impact loading of a forklift. For this purpose, time-domain response analysis has been performed on a standard 2-bay six-story rack structure consisting of columns, beams and bracing members with perforated open section. In order to investigate the most critical scenario, the impact loads are applied in both down-aisle and cross-aisle directions, and the impact locations are also varied along the shelves of the palettes. In order to deal with storage distributions, three types of rack structures are further taken into account: original empty rack structure with no storage, half-loaded rack structure and fully-loaded rack structure. The numerical simulation results demonstrate that the dynamic characteristics of the rack structure are significantly dependent on the distribution of the storage goods and its natural period varies from 0.24sec to 1.06sec, approximately 4.4 times. Further, the parametric studies show that the forklift impact is most critical to the safety of the rack structure when it collides either at the base or at the top of the rack structure.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.558-565
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 고해상도 광대역 영상레이더의 성능을 분석하기 위하여 시간, 주파수 및 Numeric 영역에서 아날로그, RF 및 디지털 신호처리 해석을 통합할 수 있는 시스템 시뮬레이션 툴인 Agilent사의 ADS Ptolemy DF(TSDF: Timed Synchronous DataFlow)를 이용하여 모델링 및 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. 영상레이더용 하드웨어 시스템은 안테나, 통제장치 및 송수신 장치로 크게 구성되며, 송수신 장치는 고주파 변환 장치, 고출력 송신 장치, 그리고 송수신 전단 장치로 구성된다. 본 논문에서는 시스템의 하드웨어 성능에 영향을 미치는 오차 변수를 정의하고, 이들 오차 변수의 오차 원인이 되는 부품에 대한 특성을 모델링하였다. 영상레이더는 TSDF 모델링 기법을 이용하여 순방향 전송 임펄스 특성($S_{21}$), 고주파 소자의 비선형 특성(이득 비선형, 3차 intercept 및 믹서 교차변조), 채널간 전파 특성, 주파수 합성기 위상 잡음, TWTA의 진폭/위상 특성, 파형 발생기의 샘플링 주파수 및 I/Q 밸런스 등에 대한 모델링을 수행하여 SAR 성능을 분석하였으며, 최종 임펄스 응답 특성 분석을 통한 시스템의 하드웨어 규격을 도출하였다.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.77-82
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• 2008

Innate immune response is initiated by the recognition of unique microbial molecular patterns through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). The purpose of this study is to dissect the expression of various PRRs in gingival epithelial cells of differentiated versus undifferentiated states. Differentiation of immortalized human gingival epithelial HOK-16B cells was induced by culture in the presence of high $Ca^{2+}$ at increased cell density. The expression levels of various PRRs in HOK-16B cells were examined by realtime reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) and flow cytometry. In addition, the expression of human beta defensins (HBDs) was examined by real time RT-PCR and the amounts of secreted cytokines were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. In undifferentiated HOK-16B cells, NACHT-LRR-PYDcontaining protein (NALP) 2 was expressed most abundantly, and toll like receptor (TLR) 2, TLR4, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) 1, and NOD2 were expressed in substantial levels. However, TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, TLR9, ICE protease-activating factor (IPAF), and NALP6 were hardly expressed. In differentiated cells, the levels of NOD2, NALP2, and TLR4 were different from those in undifferentiated cells at RNA but not at protein levels. Interestingly, differentiated cells expressed the increased levels of HBD-1 and -3 but secreted reduced amount of IL-8. In conclusion, the repertoire of PRRs expressed by gingival epithelial cells is limited, and undifferentiated and differentiated cells express similar levels of PRRs.