• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방재학회 2008년도 정기총회 및 학술발표대회
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• pp.679-682
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• 2008

Probability precipitation is one of the most important factor for designing the hydrology structures. Probability precipitation is calculated based on the frequency analysis on each durations of annual maximum rainfall data. For frequency analysis we need a conversion factor between the rain data per random-time interval and fixed-time-interval. In this study, the minutely precipitation data on observatory of the Meteorological Administration are used for 37 stations. Therefore, we should conversion factors between the rain data per minute and fixed-time-interval.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2010

Objectives: To introduce to TKM scientific dose conversion methods of human to animal or animal to human for new drug investigations. Methods: We searched guidelines of the FDA and KFDA, and compared them with references for drug-dose conversion from various databases such as PubMed and Google. Then, we analyzed the potential issues and problems related to dose conversion in safety documentation of new herbal drugs based on our experiences during Investigational New Drug (IND) applications of TKM. Results: Dose conversion from human to animal or animal to human must be appropriately translated during new drug development. From time to time, investigators have some difficulty in determining the appropriate dose, because of misunderstandings of dose conversion, especially when they estimate starting dose in clinical or animal studies to investigate efficacy, toxicology and mechanisms. Therefore, education of appropriate dose calculation is crucial for investigators. The animal dose should not be extrapolated to humans by a simple conversion method based only on body weight, because many studies suggest the normalization method is based mainly on body surface area (BSA). In general, the body surface area seems to have good correlation among species with several parameters including oxygen utilization, caloric expenditure, basal metabolism, blood volume and circulating plasma protein. Likewise, a safety factor should be taken into consideration when deciding high dose in animal toxicology study. Conclusion: Herein, we explain the significance of dose conversion based on body surface area and starting dose estimation for clinical trials with safety factor.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2010년도 춘계 학술발표회
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• pp.717-721
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• 2010

Soil volume conversion factors are used for estimation of an excavated the soil volume which will be removed or added in levelling the ground surface of a construction site. An accurate evaluation method will help us reduce a construction cost and time consuming. In this study, we performed the laboratory tests, including grain size measurement, water content, specific gravity, porosity, density and XRD tests, to suggest reliable soil volume conversion factors and weathering indices in field using nondestructive methods. The weathering index and soil volume conversion factor L are obtained for different types of soils. At results, the CIW index is the best method measuring the weathering index and the factor L is relative to natural porosity, void ratio, density and dry density.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.201-209
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 최근 수가계약 과정에서 논란이 되고 있는 기준연도 변경과 관련된 이슈를 살펴보았다. 이와 관련하여 기준연도 변경이 유형별 환산지수에 미치는 영향과 관련해 민감도분석을 실시하였다. 그리고 기준연도변경이 특정유형에 미치는 유리하거나 불리한 상황을 분석하였다. 또한 단일 환산지수 체계라고 가정하는 경우 기준연도 변경에 따른 환산지수 변동도 고찰하였다. 본 연구의 주요한 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 기준연도를 현재시점에 가깝게 변경하는 경우 병원의 환산지수에는 유리한 효과가 발생한다. 둘째, 기준연도를 현재 시점에 가깝게 변경하는 경우 약국과 의원의 환산지수에는 불리한 효과가 발생하며 의원의 경우 불리한 효과가 크다. 셋째, 유형 전체에 단일 환산지수를 일괄적으로 적용한다고 가정하면 기준연도를 현재 시점에 가깝게 변경하는 경우 모든 유형에 유리한 효과가 발생한다. 기준연도 변동은 보험자와 의료공급자, 의료공급자 사이에 이해충돌을 가지고 올 수 있다. 따라서 자원 배분의 합리적인 근거를 바탕으로 상호 합의에 추진되어야 하며 손실이 초래되는 유형에 대해서는 한시적 보상을 위한 인센티브를 제시할 필요가 있다.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2018

The coordinate system conversion of weather radar data is a basic and important process because it can be a factor to measure the accuracy of radar precipitation rate by comparison with the ground rain gauge. We proposed a real-time coordinate system conversion method that combines the advantages of the interpolation masks of SPRINT and REORDER to use tables of predetermined radar samples for each interpolated object coordinate and also distance weights for each precomputed sample. Experimental results show that the proposed method improves the computation speed more than 20~30 times compared with the conventional method and shows that the deterioration of image quality is hardly ignored.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.302-312
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a resource-based relative value scale (RBRVS) and its conversion factor for advanced nursing practices carried out by critical care nurse practitioners (CCNP) in intensive care units. Methods: The methodology was developed by calculating CCNP's RBRVS for 32 advanced nursing services based on CCNP's workload and time spent in the context of national health insurance. A cost analysis was performed to estimate the conversion factor of CCNP's RBRVS. The share of CCNP's contribution to fee-for-service in intensive care units was also analyzed. Results: Calculation of the RBRVS of 32 advanced nursing practices showed a range of points from 100.0 to 1,181.4 and an average of 296.1 points. The relevant conversion factor for advanced nursing practices in CCNP were estimated at 37.3-48.4 won. The contribution rate of CCNP's advanced nursing practices in the relative value scale of the national health insurance was estimated at 0.1-31.3%. Conclusion: Measuring the economic value of advanced nursing services will be a basis for esta-blishing a reimbursement system for CCNP's practices and thus encourage a social demand for advanced nurse practitioners.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.263-270
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• 1982

해중의 영양학적인 기초자료를 얻기 위하여 multi-enzyme system을 이용한 체외소화율과 아미노산분석을 기초로 한 단백질수를 측정하였다. 김 (P. tenera)의 체외소화율은 $78.5\sim82.2$로서 산지와 건조조건에 따라 약간의 차이를 보였으며, 잎파래(E. linza)나 다른 갈조류 (미역 U. pinnatifida, 톳 H. fusiforme, 모자반 S. fuuellum)에 비하여 높았고 효소활성 저해물질 (trypsin inhibitor)의 함량은 갈조류에서 높았다. 잎과래는 채외소화율이 김보다 낮음에도 불구하고 효소활성저해물질이 가장 낮은 특이한 결과론 보였다. 전체적으로 해조류의 체의소화을이 다른 연구자들의 생체실험에 의한 소화율 (in vivo digestility)보다 높은 결과를 보인 것은multi-enzyme system을 이용한 체외소화율 측정 방법을 해조류의 정확한 소화율 측정에 적용하기에는 문제성이 있는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 일륜 김에 대한 microwave cooking의 영향은 가열시간이 15분 경과하여도 현저한 소화율 증가는 볼 수 없었으며, 효소활성 저해물질함량은 서서히 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 또한 한국식으로 구운김의 체외소화율은 microwave로 15분 가열한 시료와 비슷하였다. 아미노산 분석 결과를 이용한 단백계수(Factor method)는 김의 경우 6.52로 계산되었고, 잎파래는 6.00, 미역 6.11, 모자반 5.85, 톳은 5.83이었으며, Kjeldahl전소분석결과를 이용한 단백계수(Kjeldahl Method)는 김 6.29, 잎파래 5.83, 미역 5.40, 모자반 5.45, 톳 5.49로 나타나, 종래의 조단백계수(6.25)보다 낮은 결과를 보였다. 해조추의 비단백태질소의 정확한 규명이 없는 상태에서, 해조의 단백질함량 측정에는 아미노산 분석결과를 이용한 새로운 단백계수(Factor Method)를 사용함이 바람직한 것으로 생각되었다.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.127-140
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was performed to verify reliability and validity of Korean Patient Classification System for nurses(KPCS-1), to estimate nursing time conversion index, and to classify patients into groups according to KPCS-1 scores. Methods: KPCS-1 was revised from KPCS by a professional review team. Interrater reliability and construct validity of KPCS-1 were verified by data from 433 patients. Direct and indirect nursing time of 204 patients were measured by stopwatch observation and self reports for 24 hours. Nursing time conversion index was calculated. Results: KPCS-1 consisted of 12 area, 50 nursing activities, and 73 items. The interrater reliability was tested between two nurse group (r=.88, p<.001) and construct validity was verified according to medical department (F=10.97, p<.001) and patient pattern (F=5.54, p=.001). The correlation of nursing time and classification score was also statistically significant (r=.56, p<.001). The nursing time conversion index was 9.03 minutes per 1 classification score. The patients were classified into 4 groups by the classification scores. Conclusion: KPCS-1 can be a useful factor type patient classification system for general ward. Further study is needed to evaluate validity and reliability for refining KPCS-1 and to develop ways connecting the scores with nursing outcomes.

• 천문학논총
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.25-35
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• 2003

In this paper, we have re-examined the relative sunspot numbers from June 1987 to December 2002 observed at Korea Astronomy Observatory. For this we determined conversion factors (K) for each year data to derive the relative sunspot numbers. The estimated conversion factor ranges from 0.57 to 1.09 and has a trend to decrease with time, which seem to depend on the several effects such as observational system, observation methods, and experience of an observer. Our analysis shows that the newly-determined relative sunspot numbers are in much better agreements with the international sunspot numbers than the previously-determined ones in which the conversion factors were determined only four times. This result implies that we should determine the conversion factor for each year data. From these investigations, we also identified one and half solar cycles form our relative sunspot number.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.247-254
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• 2019

최근 군수장비를 설계함에 있어 개발 초기부터 장비의 신뢰도, 정비도, 정비시간 등 운용 유지에 대한 많은 관심을 보이고 있다. 그렇기 때문에 사용자 및 개발자 모두 정비시간을 고려한 설계에 대한 중요성을 강조한다. 본 논문에서는 설계 초기에 기존 방식인 MIL-HDBK-470A에서 제공하는 표준 정비 시간이 아닌, 장비의 접근 복잡도등 현실적인 정비시간을 예측하는 것에 대한 구체적인 방법론을 연구하였으며, 정비 복잡도라는 척도를 사용하여 시간변환계수를 적용하였다. 또한, 해당 결과물을 이용하여 기 개발된 장비의 실측 정비시간과 시간변환계수가 적용된 지연시간을 반영한 현실적인 정비시간을 비교/검증하여, 해당 데이터의 신뢰성을 검증해 보았다. 향후 장비 설계 시 정비도 목표값 설정 및 정비도 산출을 위한 연구에서, 초기 실 장비에 대한 정비 시간을 측정하지 못하는 장비의 정비시간을 보다 현실적인 정비시간으로 반영하고, 연구 및 설계반영 활동 등을 통하여 정비시간을 단축하여, 운용 유지 비용 등을 줄일 수 있는 활동 등을 수행할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.