• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.25-32
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• 2017

Purpose: The use of computed tomography (CT) to evaluate acute abdominal complaints has increased over the past two decades. We investigated how the clinical practice of patients with intestinal perforation has changed with the increasing use of abdominal CT in the emergency department (ED). Methods: We compared ED arrival to CT time, ED arrival to surgical consultation time, and ED arrival to operation time according to the method of diagnosis from 2003-2004 and 2013-2014. Results: In patients with gastrointestinal perforation, time from ED arrival to CT was shorter ($111.4{\pm}66.2min$ vs. $199.0{\pm}97.5min$, p=0.001) but time to surgical consultation was longer ($135.1{\pm}78.8$ vs. $77.9{\pm}123.7$, p=0.006) in 2013-2014 than in 2003-2004. There was no statistically significant difference in time to operation for perforation confirmed either by plain film or CT between the two time periods. There was no statistically significant difference in length of hospital or ICU stay or mortality between the two groups. Conclusion: With the increasing use of abdominal CT in ED, ED arrival to CT time has decreased and ED arrival to surgical consultation time has increased in gastrointestinal perforation. These changes of clinical performance do not delay ED arrival to operation time or adversely influence patient outcome.

• Journal of Satellite, Information and Communications
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.146-150
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• 2015

The COSPAS-SARSAT committee decides MEOSAR (Medium-Earth Orbit for search and rescue) service development for installing 406MHz SAR instruments on their respective MEO navigation satellite system of the United States, EU, and Russia, since 2000. The transmitted beacon signal is separately arrived by satellites with different FOA (Frequency of Arrival) and TOA (Time of Arrival). It is directly transferred to MEOLUT. In MEOLUT, a LUT track at least 3 or 4 satellites simultaneously and estimate location of beacon using time difference of arrival (TDOA) and frequency difference arrival (FDOA). But the transmitted distress signals may be overlapped each other because the distress beacons transmit signal on mean interval of 50 seconds in arbitrary time. It's difficult that simultaneously estimate location of beacon by current scheme for several overlapped distress signal. So we use cross ambiguity function (CAF) Map algorithm and present Multi-CAF MAP scheme in order to satisfy performance requirement of system. The performance is analyzed for COSAPS-SARSAT MEOSAR.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.533-539
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• 2012

The performance analysis of wireless geolocation in a non-line-of-sight (NLOS) environment is a very important issue. Since Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) determines the physical impossibility of the variance of an unbiased estimator being less than the bound, many studies presented the performance analysis in terms of CRLB. Several CRLBs for time-of-arrival (TOA), pseudo-range TOA, angle-of-arrival (AOA), and signal strength (SS) based positioning methods have been derived for NLOS environment. However, the performance analysis of time difference of arrival (TDOA) and TDOA/SS based geolocation techniques in a NLOS environment is still an opening issue. This paper derives the CRLBs of TDOA and TDOA/SS based positioning methods for NLOS environment. In addition, theoretical analysis proves that the derived CRLB for TDOA is the same as that of pseudo-range TOA and the TDOA/SS scheme has a lower CRLB than the TDOA (or SS) scheme.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.571-576
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• 2022

Due to the epochal development of the unmanned technology, the importance of LDT(: Location Detection Technology), which accurately estimates the location of a user or object, is dramatically increased. TOA(: Time of Arrival), which calculates a location by measuring the arrival time of signals, and TDOA(: Time Difference of Arrival) which calculates it by measuring the difference between two arrival times, are representative LDT methods. Based on the signals received from three or more base stations, TOA calculates an intersection point by drawing circles and TDOA calculates it by drawing hyperbolas. In order to improve the radio shadow area problem, a huge number of repeaters have been installed in the urban area, but the signals received through these repeaters may cause the serious error for estimating a location. In this paper, we propose an efficient location estimation technique using the signal received through the repeater. The proposed approach estimates the location of MS(: Mobile Station) employing TOA and TDOA methods, based on signals received from one repeater and two BS(: Base Station)s.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.95-102
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• 2013

In this paper, we have studied the performance of the AOA (Angle of Arrival) in multi-antenna systems for LBS (Location Based Services) and we also analyzed the performance of the AOA in SISO (Single Input Single Output) in multipath environments and their differences. The adequacy of AOA positioning in new communication environments was determined. Currently used positioning methods in 3G communication environment has been developed based on SISO. However, the accuracy of SISO-based TOA (Time of Arrival), TDOA (Time Difference of Arrival), AOA positioning techniques degraded in multipath environments. The communication system will be changed and developed. According to enhanced positioning techniques are required. Using antenna characteristics and the phase difference between antennas of LTE-Advanced standard's key technique MIMO system AOA positioning, and SISO based AOA positioning performance were analyzed. We found that AOA technique potential for use based on Multiple antenna systems by computer simulations.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.5208-5213
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• 2011

In this paper, we proposed a new direction finding(DF) technology using TDOA(time-difference of arrival) and PDOA(phase difference of arriving signal) method. The proposed technology has a good DF accuracy without DF ambiguity. TDOA or PDOA technology is used to the most of intelligence systems in 21 century. The principle of TDOA is to receive a signal with two parallel antennas, measure the time difference of arrival signal, and converse the time difference to the direction of incident signal. Those technology make a DF system small size but the DF accuracy is low into short antenna installation distance. The principle of PDOA is similar to TDOA except measuring the phase difference of arrival signal, These technology get a good DF accuracy in short antenna installation distance but have a DF ambiguity. The proposed DF method is simulated into DF system operation environment with noise, and has a good DF accuracy.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.886-893
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• 2010

This paper considers the problem of time difference-of-arrival(TDOA) source localization when the TDOA and angle of arrival(AOA) measurements from an airborne emitter source are subject to ground-platform sensor position. The optimization of sensors' position is a challenging problem and a solution with good localization accuracy has yet to be found. This paper proposes an estimator that can achieve these purposes and provides optimized sensor position for good localization accuracy using the proposed estimator. The developed algorithm and sensor position are then examined under the special case of a single airborne source. The theoretical developments are supported by simulations.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.62 no.9
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• pp.1297-1301
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• 2013

This paper analyzes of PD occurrence position through an analysis of the arrival time difference between the GIS partial discharge signal. Because of GIS (Gas Insulated Switchgear) is a facility very important power equipment and as part of the equipment that make up the power system, the stabilization of the power industry, which accounted for 88.5% share of GIS substation in the form of a substation is an important equipment for power supply. In the situation where we are gradually expanding the need for preventive diagnosis in order to improve the efficiency of equipment management and failure prevention for Preventive diagnosis. In this paper as a method for extracting pre-defect of failure of GIS Apply the average value method of calculating the 5 times each using a pulse of the first time of the second pulse (${\Delta}t$) with an oscilloscope generation position PD(Partial Discharge). the results of GIS internal inspection, the partial discharge of the actual the position of the partial discharge was confirmed with an accuracy of about 82% of positions. Arrival time difference in the most effective manner if the partial discharge of GIS internal occurs by applying the averaging method and TOA(Time of arrival) method, the partial discharge occurs you through the measurement and analysis of PD signal occurs was confirmed in the experiment are presented and diagnostic methods location tracking.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.231-236
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• 2011

In recent years, LBS(Location Based Service) is applied in many different fields. Therefore, various location-aware schemes have been studied. In the location awareness system using time dependent algorithm, TOA(Time of Arrival) or TDOA(Time Difference of Arrival) algorithm, distortion of a signal by AWGN(Additive White Gaussian Noise) and multi-path effects cause the degradation of location awareness performance. In this paper, the unexpected noise is eliminated by averaging multiple pulses in order to overcome the degradation of performance. Also, we research the technique for improving the performance of the location awareness by detecting direct-path signal with adjusting threshold.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.251-257
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• 2021

An underwater platform operating a passive sonar needs to acquire the target position to perform its mission. In an environment where sea-floor reflections exist, the position of a target can be estimated using the difference in the arrival time between the signals received through multipaths. In this paper, a method of localization for passive sonar is introduced, based on the EKF (Extended Kalman Filter) using the multipath time difference of arrival in underwater environments. TMA (Target Motion Analysis) requires accumulated measurements for long periods and has limitations on own-ship movement, allowing it to be used only in certain situations. The proposed method uses an EKF, which takes measurements of the time differences of the signal arrival in multipath environments. The method allows for target localization without restrictions on own-ship movement or the need for an observation time. To analyze the performance of the proposed method, simulation according to the distance and depth of the target was performed repeatedly, and the localization error according to the distance and water depth were analyzed. In addition, the correlation with the estimated position error was assessed by analyzing the arrival time difference according to the water depth.