• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제32권12호
• /
• pp.553-559
• /
• 2022

In this work, the ablation behavior of monolith ZrB₂-30 vol%SiC (Z30S) composites were studied under various oxy-acetylene flame angles. Typical oxidized microstructures (SiO₂/SiC-depleted/ZrB₂-SiC) were observed when the flame to Z30S was arranged vertically. However, formation of the outmost glassy SiO₂ layer was hindered when the Z30S was tilted. The SiC-depleted region was fully exposed to air with reduced thickness when highly tilted. Traces of the ablated and island type SiO₂ were observed at intermediate flame angles, which clearly verified the effect of flame angle on the ablation of the SiO₂ layer. Furthermore, the observed maximum surface temperature of the Z30S gradually increased up to 2,200 ℃ proving that surface amorphous silica was continuously removed while monoclinic ZrO₂ phase began to be exposed. A proposed ablation mechanism with respect to flame angles is discussed. This observation is expected to contribute to the design of complex-shaped UHTC applications for hypersonic vehicles and re-entry projectiles.

• 천문학회보
• /
• 제40권1호
• /
• pp.59.1-59.1
• /
• 2015

We present hydrodynamic simulations of gas clouds that inflowing from the disk to a few hundred parsec region of the Milky Way. Realistic Galactic structures are included in our simulations by thousands of multipole expansions that describe 6.4 million stellar particles of a self-consistent Galaxy simulation (Baba, Saitoh & Wada, in prep.). We find that a hybrid multipole expansion model with two different basis sets and a thick disk correction well reproduces the overall structures of the Milky Way. We find that the nuclear ring evolves into 240 pc at T~1500 Myr, regardless of the initial size. For most of simulation runs, gas inflow rate to the nuclear region is equilibrated as ~0.02 Msun/yr, and thus accumulated gas mass and star formation activity is stabilized as $6{\times}10^7Msun$ and ~0.02M/yr, respectively. These stabilized values are in a good agreement with estimations for the CMZ. The nuclear ring is off-centered to the Galactic center by the lopsided central mass distribution of the Galaxy model, and thus an asymmetric mass distribution is arose accordingly. The lopsidedness also leads the nuclear ring to be tilted to the Galactic plane and to precess along the Galaxy rotation. In early evolutionary stage when gas clouds start to inflow and form the nuclear ring, the z-directional oscillations of the gas clouds results in the twisted, infinity-shaped nuclear ring. Since the infinity-shaped feature is transient only for first 100 Myr, the current infinity-shape observed in the CMZ may indicate that the CMZ forms quite recently.

• 공학논문집
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.113-123
• /
• 1997

이 논문은 위성 지구국용 수정곡면 카세그레인 안테나를 설계하는 것이다. 수정곡면 카세그레인 안테나 설계는 다음과 같은 절차로 수행된다. 1) 원하는 안테나 사양을 만족하도록 개구면 전계분포 설계, 2) 적절한 구조 퍼래미터 결정, 3) 반사판 곡면 좌표 추출 등이다. 이를 위해서 개구면 전계 분포는 Hansen 단일변수 분포를 선택하고, 개구면에 의한 원거리 복사패턴은 각스펙트럼법을 이용하여 예측한다. 설계 주파수에서 정해진 사양을 만족하도록 개구면을 설계한 후, 이 분포가 다른 주파수에서도 사양에 만족되는지 확인한다. 주어진 급전 패턴이 설계된 개구면 분포로 변환되도록 주 및 부반사판 곡면을 합성한다. 곡면추출에 필요한 급전 패턴으로 빔웨이브 가이드의 복사패턴을 이용한다. 설계된 시스팀은 원형 개구면을 갖고, 좌우 대칭이며, 축들이 기울어지지 않는 구조를 갖는다. 종합보간법을 이산적 반사판 설계 데이터들에 적용하여, 연속적인 반사판 곡면 함수를 얻는다. 기저 함수로 JPS함수를 사용한다. 설계는 주파수 17.7-20.2GHz의 수신밴드와 27.5-30GHz의 송신밴드를 갖는 Ka밴드에서 동작하는 카세그레인안테나를 설계한다.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.105-115
• /
• 2010

최근 초고층 건축물은 비정형적 외관을 갖는 랜드 마크적인 역할과 택지의 효율적인 사용을 위한 수직 도시 기능을 수행한다. 건축물의 외관은 비정형적인 요소로서 3T형태(Twisted, Tilted, Tapered)의 설계안들이 대부분 제안되고 있으며, 세장한 형태의 형상비를 만족하기 위한 새로운 구조시스템의 연구 개발이 활발히 진행 중이다. 다이아그리드 시스템의 하중 전달 메커니즘은 대각 가새(Diagrid)의 삼각형 형상에 기인하여 중력하중 뿐만 아니라 횡하중을 전달하기 때문에 대부분의 기둥이 제거되게 된다. 또한 대각 가새의 축방향 거동(인장/압축)에 의해 전단력을 전달하여 전단 변형이 최소화되기 때문에 기둥이 전단력을 전달하던 기존 방식에 비해 비정형적인 외관에 쉽게 대응할 수 있는 구조시스템이다. 본 연구에서는 싸이클론 타워의 건축 계획안을 바탕으로 접합부 디테일 선정 과정과 접합부의 구조안전성을 유한요소해석을 통해 검증하였다. 이를 통해 응력집중 완화 방안을 제시하여 적절한 캡 플레이트 두께와 캡플레이트 확장 길이를 제시하여 응력집중 현상을 완화하였다.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
• /
• 제32권5호
• /
• pp.41-51
• /
• 2012

Heliostat field is the most important subsystem in the tower type solar thermal power plant since its optical performance affects the total system efficiency most significantly while the construction cost of it is the major part of total construction cost in such a power plant. Thus a well designed heliostat field to maximize the optical efficiency as well as to minimize the land usage is very important. This work presents methodology, procedures and result of heliostat filed design for 200kW solar thermal power plant built recently in Daegu, Korea. A $2{\times}2(m)$ rectangular shaped receiver located at 43(m) high and tilted $28^{\circ}$ toward heliostat field, 450 of heliostats of which the reflective surface is formed by 4 of $1{\times}1(m)$ flat plate mirror facet, and the land area having about $140{\times}120(m)$ size are used to form the heliostat field. A procedure to deploy 450 heliostats in radial staggered nonblocking formation is developed. Also the procedures to compute the cosine effect, intercept ratio, blocking and shading ratio in the field are developed. Finally the heliostat filed is designed by finding the optimal radial distance and azimuthal spacing in radial staggered nonblocking formation such that the designed heliostat field optical efficiency could be maximized. The designed heliostat field has 77% of annual average optical efficiency, which is obtained by annually averaging the optical efficiencies computed between the time of where sun elevation angle becomes $10^{\circ}$ after sunrise and the time of where sun elevation angle becomes $10^{\circ}$ before sunset in each day.

• 한국표면공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국표면공학회 2012년도 추계총회 및 학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.171-171
• /
• 2012

In this study, we fabricated the high-brightness AlGaInP-based red light emitting diodes (LED)s using by direct printing technique and inductive coupled plasma (ICP) reactive ion etching (RIE). In general, surface roughening was fabricated by wet etching process to improve the light extraction efficiency of AlGaInP-based red LED. However, a structure of the surface roughening, which was fabricated by wet etching, was tiled cone-shape after wet etching process due to crystal structure of AlGaInP materials, which was used as top-layer of red LED. This tilted cone-shape of surface roughening can improve the light extraction of LED, but it caused a loss of the light extraction efficiency of LED. So, in this study, we fabricated perfectly cone shaped pattern using direct printing and dry etching process to maximize the light extraction efficiency of LED. Both submicron pattern and micron pattern was formed on the surface of red LED to compare the enhancement effect of light extraction efficiency of LEDs according to the diameter of sapphire patterns.After patterning process using direct printing and ICP-RIE proceeded on the red LED, light output was enhanced up to 10 % than that of red LED with wet etched structure. This enhancement of light extraction of red LED was maintained after packaging process. And as a result of analyze of current-voltage characteristic, there is no electrical degradation of LED.

• 자원환경지질
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.65-80
• /
• 1994

The Tertiary $Ch{\check{o}}ngja$ basin is located in the southeastern coastal area of the Korean Peninsula. It is a lozenge shaped fault-bounded basin with circa $5{\times}5km$ areal extent, isolated from other Tertiary basins by the Cretaceous Ulsan Formation in-between. The northwestern boundary of the basin is a domino/listric type normal fault trending $N30^{\circ}E$, whereas its southwestern boundary is a dextral strike-slip fault (trending $N20^{\circ}W$) with a lateral offset of more than 1 km. The basin is bounded by the East Sea on the eastern margin. Basin-fills consist of extrusive volcanic rock (Tangsa Andesites) of Early Miocene (16~22 Ma in radiometric age), unconsolidated fluviatile conglomerate (Kangdong Formation) and shallow brackish-water sandstone ($Sinhy{\check{o}}n$ Formation). The latter yields abundant Vicarya-Anadara molluscan fossils of early Middle Miocene age. The Tertiary strata become younger toward the northwestern boundary-fault of the basin, showing a zonal distribution pattern parallel to the fault: the younger sedimentary formations occupy a narrow zone of 2 km width along the northwestern boundary-fault, whereas the older Tangsa Andesites underlie them unconformably in the eastern and southeastern portions of the basin. The strata in the basin, including the Tangsa Andesites, are tilted (about $20^{\circ}$) toward the northwestern boundary-fault Sedimentary strata thicken toward the boundary-fault, forming a wedge shaped half-graben structure. A number of small-scale syndepositional normal growth faults and graben structures are observed in the sedimentary strata. These extensional structures have the same trend as the normal northwestern boundary-fault which we interpret as a pull-apart detachment fault. These characteristics imply persistent extension during the basin evolution, caused by a NW-SE directed tensional force. The $Ch{\check{o}}ngja$ basin is, thus, a kind of syndepositional tectonic basin evolved in a strike-slip (pull-apart) regime. The latter was caused by a dextral simple shear associated with the NNW-SSE opening of the East Sea. In view of the fact that the normal growth faults do not cut through the uppermost portion of the youngest $Sinhy{\check{o}}n$ Formation, it is inferred that the tensional force came to be inactive in the early Middle Miocene. This is coincident in timing with the termination of the East Sea opening (15 Ma).

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국진공학회 2010년도 제39회 하계학술대회 초록집
• /
• pp.153-153
• /
• 2010

Recently, to develop GaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with better performances, various approaches have been suggested by many research groups. In particular, using the patterned sapphire substrate technique has shown the improvement in both internal quantum efficiency and light extraction properties of GaN-based LEDs. In this paper, we discuss the influences of the direction of the hexagonal-structure arrays of lens-shaped patterns (HSAPs) formed on sapphire substrates on the crystal, optical, and electrical properties of InGaN/GaN multi-quantum-well (MQW) LEDs. The basic direction of the HSAPs is normal (HSAPN) with respect to the primary flat zone of a c-plane sapphire substrate. Another HSAP tilted by 30o (HSAP30) from the HSAPN structure was used to investigate the effects of the pattern direction. The full width at half maximums (FWHMs) of the double-crystal x-ray diffraction (DCXRD) spectrum for the (0002) and (1-102) planes of the HSAPN are 320.4 and 381.6 arcsecs., respectively, which are relatively narrower compared to those of the HSP30. The photoluminescence intensity for the HSAPN structure was ~1.2 times stronger than that for the HSAP30. From the electroluminescence (EL) measurements, the intensity for both structures are almost similar. In addition, the effects of the area of the individual lens pattern consisting of the hexagonal-structure arrays are discussed using the concept of the planar area fraction (PAF) defined as the following equation; PAF = [1-(patterns area/total unit areas)] For the relatively small PAF region up to 0.494, the influences of the HSAP direction on the LED characteristics were significant. However, the direction effects of the HSAP became small with increasing the PAF.

• Applied Microscopy
• /
• 제34권1호
• /
• pp.71-81
• /
• 2004

본 연구에서는 등황란인 U. unicinctus 수정란의 난할과정과 형식에 대하여 관찰된 바를 보고하였다. U unicinctus성숙란을 인공수정했을 때 난할은 핵 개방(germinal vesicle breakdown)과 제1, 2감수분열 후에 수행되었으며, 유생기 까지 난할은 등할(equal cleavage), 전할(holoblastic cleavage)이었고 난할형식은 나선형 난할(spiral cleavage)인 것으로 관찰되었다. 최초 3회의 난할이 경할$\rightarrow$경할$\rightarrow$수평할이었고, 이후 경할-수평할이 반복되는 것으로 보였다. 4세포기에 할구의 배열에서 일부 할구들이 동물극으로 융기한 것과 8세포기에서 식물극 할구 배열이 동물극 할구 배열에 대하여 사선 배열한 것 등은 나선형 난할에서만 볼 수 있는 특징이었으나 제 3차 난할인 수평할에서 등할, 전할인 것이 관찰되므로서 나선형 난할을 수행하는 Spiralian의 전형에 속하지는 않는 것으로 보였다. 4세포기 이후의 할구 배열이 사선배열, 즉 나선형인 근거를 항-$\alpha$-,-$\beta$-튜블린 처리에 의해 관찰된 유사분열 기구의 행위로서 볼 수 있었다. 4$\rightarrow$8세포기의 유사분열 기구는 동물극-식물극 축에 수직으로 발생하고 사선방향으로 선회한 후 난할하므로서 결과에서 수평할 및 할구의 사선배열이 가능한 것을 볼 수 있었다.

• 대한지역사회작업치료학회지
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.31-40
• /
• 2014

목적 : 뇌졸중 환자가 요구하는 주거공간의 욕실 환경 특성을 알아보고 욕실 환경을 개선할 때 필요한 욕실 디자인 특성 선호도를 알아보았다. 연구방법 : 본 연구는 2014년 2월 24일부터 3월 13일까지 부산지역의 병원에서 재활치료를 받고 있는 뇌졸중 환자를 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였으며 총 97부를 분석하였다. 결과 : 욕실 환경에 대한 개선 요구 조사 결과 미끄러움 방지 타일 설치($3.63{\pm}1.29$)와 욕조의 안전바 설치($3.46{\pm}1.39$)가 높게 나타났고 남자에 비해 여자의 요구도가 전반적으로 높았다. 욕실디자인 특성 선호도 조사에서 뇌졸중 환자들은 미닫이문, 미닫이형 손잡이, 편의시설형 샤워부스, 미끄러움 방지 타일, 붙박이 수납장, L자형 안전바, 자연환기(창문), 바닥 난방, 들어가기 쉬운 욕조, 안전바가 설치된 욕조, 기울어지거나 물 온도가 표시되는 세면대, 안전바형 변기, 목욕 의자를 가장 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 결론 : 뇌졸중 환자의 욕실 환경에 대한 개선요구와 욕실디자인 특성선호도를 확인할 수 있었다. 이는 향후 뇌졸중 환자들이 요구하는 욕실디자인을 제안하는데 기초자료를 제공할 것으로 기대된다.