• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.130-134
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• 2010

본 연구는 전북 고창의 수박 시설 농기에서 '우리꿀'을 대상으로 토양의 이화학성, 생육 및 과실품질에 대한 정식 전 심경로타리 처리의 효과를 알아보고자 수행하였다. 정식 전에 비해 재배 및 수확 후 토양 pH 변화는 거의 없었으나 토양 EC는 크게 떨어졌다. 유기물 및 유효인산 함량은 두 처리 모두에서 증가하였는데, 유효인산의 누적 함량이 심경로타리 처리구에서 적었다. 치환성 양이온도 Mg을 제외하고는 모두 감소한 경향이었는데 심경로타리 처리구에서 K의 감소가 뚜렷하였다. 수박의 정식 후 27일째 생육 특성 중 일반로타리 처리구에 비해 심경로타리 처리구에서 초장, 10절까지의 줄기 길이, 엽폭에서 유의하게 길었고, 1번 및 2번화의착과 절위가 낮았다. 그리고 육안 관찰 시 식물체 위조 증상 정도이 적었다. 수확기에는 일반로타리 처리구에 비해 심경로타리 처리구에서 30절까지의 줄기 길이가 유의하게 길었고, 육안 관찰 시 잎의 황변 현상이 적었다. 수확된 과실의 길이, 직경, 과피경도, 그리고 무게는 심경로타리 처리구에서 유의하게 높았다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.116-126
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• 2016

The objective of this study is to predict the fuel efficiency of an agricultural tractor. The fuel efficiency of the tractor during rotary tillage was predicted using numerical modeling. A numerical model was developed using Simulation X. Based on tractor power flow, numerical modeling consisted of an engine, transmission, PTO (power take off), and hydraulics. The specifications of major components utilized in the numerical model were the same as those of a 71 kW tractor (field test tractor). The load that was inputted for fuel efficiency prediction into the simulation model was obtained from a field test. Fuel efficiency predictions were conducted by comparing field test results and simulation results. In addition, it was performed by dividing the rotary tillage and steering section. Main results are as follows: first, t-values of engine torque were measured to be 0.31 in the rotary tillage and 0.92 in the steering section. Second, t-values of fuel consumption were measured to be 0.51 and 5.41 in the rotary tillage and the steering section, respectively. Finally, t-values of fuel efficiency were measured to be 1.72 and 40 in the rotary tillage and the steering section, respectively. The results show no significant differences with t-values of less than 5% in the rotary tillage. But, it shows significant differences in the steering section. Therefore, simulation for accurate fuel efficiency prediction requires a suitable algorithm or detailed design of the simulation model in the steering section.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제22권11호
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• pp.1509-1517
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• 2013

So far, most studies associated with soil carbon sequestration have been focused on long term aspect. However, information regarding soil carbon sequestration in short term aspect is limited. This study was conducted to determine changes of soil organic carbon content and stability of carbon in response to compost application rate and tillage management during rice growing season(150 days) in short term aspect. Under pot experiment condition, compost was mixed with an arable soil at rates corresponding to 0, 6, 12, and 24 Mg/ha. To determine effect of tillage on soil carbon sequestration, till and no-till treatments were set up in soils amended with application rate of 12 Mg/ha. Compost application and tillage management did not significantly affect soil organic carbon(SOC) content in soil at harvest time. Bulk density of soil was not changed significantly with compost application and tillage management. These might result from short duration of experiment. While hot water extractable organic carbon(HWEOC) content decreased with compost application, humic substances(HS) increased. Below ground biomass of rice increased with application of compost and till operation. From the above results, continuos application of compost and reduce tillage might improve increase in soil organic carbon content and stability of carbon in long term aspect.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.160-165
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• 1991

경운과 무경운 조건에서 수도를 건답휴립직파 재배할 때 질소시비량이 수도의 생육과 수량성에 미치는 영향을 알기 위하여 직파재배용으로 육성중인 밀양 9005의 건조종자를 6kg/10a 수준으로 1990년 5월 17일에 산파하고, 맥류휴립광산파기로 복토하였다. 경운과 무경운에서 각각 질소를 10, 15, 20, 25kg/10a 수준으로 시용하였으며, 시험결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 입묘수와 최고분얼수는 경운에서 무경운보다 더 높은 경향이고, 출수기는 경운에서 2일 늦었으나 현미수량, 수량구성요소, 도복관련형질, 질소흡수량 등은 경운과 무경운간에 차이가 없었다. 질소시비량이 증가할수록 수수의 증가로 현미수량이 증가하였으나, 일수영화수와 등숙율은 차이가 없었으며, 천립중은 질소시비량이 증가할수록 약간 감소하였다. 질소시비량이 증가할수록 지상부길이와 bending moment는 커지고, 좌절중과 간기중이 감소하여 도복지수는 증가하였으나 포장에서 도복은 발생하지 않았다. 간기의 cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin함량은 질소시비량간에 차이가 없었다. 질소시비량이 증가할수록 질소함유율과 흡수량이 증가하였다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.290-295
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• 1993

수도 무경기 기계이앙 재배시 수도수량과 토양특성 변화를 구명하기 위하여 무경운을 포함한 논토양 특성에 맞는 최소경운 방법을 확립코자 미사 질식토, 사양토, 미사질양토의 3개 포장에서 경운방법을 달리하여 화성벼를 재배하면서 수도 수량과 토양특성을 조사, 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 무경기구의 수온과 지온은 제 일 낮았으나 처리간에 온도차이는 크지 않았다. 2. 토성별 평균감수심은 사양토에서 가장 많았고 미사질식토에서 가장 적었는데 무경윤구의 감수심이 다른 처리구보다 1.4～2.2mm/일 많았다. 3. 수확기때 수도체의 무기함량은 무경기시 다른 처리구에 비하여 미사질식토에서는 $Na_2$O 함량을 제외하고는 가장 높았다. 4. 무경운구의 수양감수는 경운기 경운+로타리구에 비하여 사양토에서 18%, 미사질식토에서 7%, 미사질양토에서 1%감수되었다.

• 드라이브 ㆍ 컨트롤
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the PTO severeness for an agricultural tractor during disk plow and rotary tillage. The PTO load measurement system was constructed with data acquisition and a PTO torquemeter. Field experiments were conducted at a combination of traveling speed (L3 Low, L3 High) and PTO speed (P1, P2). The load spectrum was generated using the rain-flow counting method, and the SWT method was used to consider the range and mean of the PTO load. The damage sum was calculated by applying a modified miner rule, which is a cumulative damage law. The relative severeness was expressed as the ratio of the lowest damage sum. Relative severeness was higher with the lower PTO gear stage, and higher driving gear stage and it was approximately 40-102 times higher for rotary tillage than disk plow tillage in the same gear stages. The relative severeness was 1010.12 in the rotary tillage under L3 High P1 based on the disk plow tillage under L3 Low P2.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.223-229
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• 2017

BACKGROUND: Tillage systems and fertilization play an important role in crop growth and soil improvement. This study was conducted to determine the effects of tillage and fertilization on the microbial biomass C and dehydrogenase activity of soils in a field under cultivation of soybean. METHODS AND RESULTS: An experimental plot, located in the temperate climate zone, was composed of two main sectors that were no-tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT), and they were subdivided into four plots, respectively, in accordance with types of fertilizers (non fertilizer, chemical fertilizer, hairy vetch, and liquid pig manure). Microbial biomass C and dehydrogenase activity were evaluated from May to July in 2016. The microbial biomass C and dehydrogenase activity of NT soils were significantly higher than those of CT in all fertilizer treatments, and they were further increased in hairy vetch treatment than the other fertilizer treatments in both NT and CT. The dehydrogenase activity was closely related to microbial biomass C. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that application of green manure combined with no-tillage can provide viable management practices for enhancing microbial properties of soil.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.163-170
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• 2011

Analysis of load on major parts of the tractor power drive line is critical for efficient and optimum design of a tractor. The purpose of this study was to evaluate severeness of the tractor PTO driving axle during rotary tillage operation. First, S-N (stress vs. number of cycle) curve of a PTO driving gear was obtained through the fatigue life test using a PTO dynamometer. Second, PTO severeness was evaluated during rotary tillage operation. Torque measurement system was constructed with strain-gauge sensors to measure torque of a PTO axle, an I/O interface to acquire the sensor signals, and an embedded system to calculate severeness. The severeness of PTO was analyzed using measured torque data during rotary tillage. In the PTO gear life fatigue test, breakage time and bending stress of the gear were measured by tooth widths and torque change during the fatigue life test. The S-N curve showed a good linear relationship between bending stress and number of cycle (life) with a coefficient of determination of 0.97. For PTO severenss evaluation, rotary tillage operations were conducted at two PTO rotational speeds (level-1, level-2) under different paddy and upland field sites with different soil conditions. Results of averaged relative severeness for PTO level-1 and PTO level-2 were 1.96 and 3.34, respectively, at paddy field sites, and they were 1.36 and 2.51, respectively, at upland field sites. The results showed that the PTO driving axle experienced more severe load during rotary tillage at paddy fields than at upland sites, and relative severeness was greater at the higher PTO rotational speed under all of the soil conditions.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.225-234
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• 2014

This study was carried out to investigate the sustainable agriculture of no-tillage technique including recycling of the ridge and the furrow of a field for following crops in Korea. No-tillage systems affect soil physical properties such as three phase (solid, liquid, and air phase) and distribution of soil granular. Solid ratio of subsoil in 3-year of no-tillage (NT) treatment was remarkably lower than that in conventional (CT, 2-year of no-tillage + 1-year of tillage) treatment, while air ratio of subsoil in NT remarkably increased. Bulk density of subsoil in NT remarkably decreased. Porosity of subsoil in NT remarkably increased. Deviation of air phase, bulk density, and porosity of top soil and subsoil in NT remarkably decreased in NT compared with CT. Solid phase ratio and liquid phase ratio in NT and CT had positive (+) correlation. Solid phase ratio and air phase ratio in NT and CT had negative (-) correlation, also liquid phase ratio and air ratio had negative (-) correlation. Bulk density and liquid ratio in soil had positive (+) correlation at top soil and subsoil in NT. Bulk density and air ratio in soil had negative (-) correlation in NT and CT. Porosity and liquid phase ratio had negative (-) correlation, r =1), the significant value was lower in NT than in CT. Porosity and air phase ratio had positive (+) correlation (r =1).

• 드라이브 ㆍ 컨트롤
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2023

The aim of this study was to measure and analyze engine load factor (LF) according to working conditions (operation type and gear stage) of small agricultural multi-purpose cultivator to estimate the emission of air pollutants. To calculate LF, a torque sensor capable of collecting torque and rotational speed was installed on the engine output shaft and DAQ was used to collect data. A field test was conducted with major operation of a cultivator and tillage operations (plow tillage and rotary tillage). Engine power was calculated using engine torque and rotational speed and LF was calculated using real-time power and rated power. In addition, unified LF was calculated using the weight for each operation and the average LF for each operation. As a result, average LF values at 1.87 and 3.10 km/h by plow tillage were 0.50 and 0.69, respectively. Average LF values at 1.87 and 3.10 km/h by rotary tillage were 0.70 and 0.78, respectively. Furthermore, unified LF calculated in consideration of the weight factor showed a value of 0.65, which was 135% higher than the conventional LF (0.48). Results of this study could be used as basic information for realizing LF values in the field of agricultural machinery.