• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.209-215
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• 2005

Conventional ORDBMS vendors provide extension mechanisms for adding user-defined types and functions to their own DBMSs. Here, the extension mechanisms are implemented using a high-level interface. We call this technique loose-coupling. The advantage of loose-coupling is that it is easy to implement. However, it is not preferable for implementing new data types and operations in large databases when high Performance is required. In this paper, we propose to use the notion of tight-coupling to satisfy this requirement. In tight-coupling, new data types and operations are integrated into the core of the DBMS engine. Thus, they are supported in a consistent manner with high performance. This tight-coupling architecture is being used to incorporate information retrieval(IR) features and spatial database features into the Odysseus/IR ORDBMS that has been under development at KAIST/AITrc. In this paper, we introduce Odysseus/IR and explain its tightly-coupled IR features (U.S. patented). We then demonstrate a web search engine that is capable of managing 20 million web pages in a non-parallel configuration using Odysseus/IR.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.8-17
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• 2014

Petascale systems(so called supercomputers) have been mainly used for supporting communication-intensive and tightly-coupled parallel computations based on message passing interfaces such as MPI(HPC: High-Performance Computing). On the other hand, computing paradigms such as High-Throughput Computing(HTC) mainly target compute-intensive (relatively low I/O requirements) applications consisting of many loosely-coupled tasks(there is no communication needed between them). In Korea, recently emerging applications from various scientific fields such as pharmaceutical domain, high-energy physics, and nuclear physics require a very large amount of computing power that cannot be supported by a single type of computing resources. In this paper, we present our HTCaaS(High-Throughput Computing as a Service) which can leverage national distributed computing resources in Korea to support these challenging HTC applications and describe the details of our system architecture, job execution scenario and case studies of various scientific applications.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.176-181
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• 1980

Yeast invertase was immobilized on the 2 kinds of matrices : one is an indirectly coupled enzyme to the cyanogen bromide activated Sepharose by using ${\omega}-aminohexyl$ group as an extension arm, and the other is a tightly adsorbed enzyme on the modified hydrophobic cellulose derivative which has a phenoxyacetyl group as a linkage. The enzyme preparation coupled on Sepharose retained 26.0% of the original activity against sucrose as a substrate, while the preparation immobilized on phenoxyacetyl cellulose retained 72.9% . The immobilized invertase preparation on ${\omega}-aminohexyl$ Sepharose showed the optimal pH 4.5, optimal temperature $60^{\circ}C$, activation energy $5,941\;cal/mole{\cdot}deg$ and Km' 22.2 mM against sucrose, while the preparation adsorbed on phenoxyacetyl cellulose showed the optimal pH 4.0, optimal temperature $60^{\circ}C$, activation energy $7,769\;cal/mole{\cdot}deg$ and Km' 69.9 mM.

• Proceedings of the Korean Biophysical Society Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.29-29
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• 2003

Compartmentation of intracellular signaling pathways serves as an important mechanism conferring the specificity of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling. In the heart, stimulation of $\beta$$_2$-adrenoceptor ($\beta$$_2$-AR), a prototypical GPCR, activates a tightly localized protein kinase A (PKA) signaling, which regulates substrates at cell surface membranes, bypassing cytosolic target proteins (eg, phospholamban). Although a concurrent activation of $\beta$$_2$-AR-coupled $G_{i}$ proteins has been implicated in the functional compartmentation of PKA signaling, the exact mechanism underlying the restriction of the $\beta$$_2$-AR-PKA pathway remains unclear. In the present study, we demonstrate that phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) plays an essential role in confining the $\beta$$_2$-AR-PKA signaling. Inhibition of PI3K with LY294002 or wortmannin enables $\beta$$_2$-AR-PKA signaling to reach intracellular substrates, as manifested by a robust increase in phosphorylation of phospholamban, and markedly enhances the receptor-mediated positive contractile and relaxant responses in cardiac myocytes. These potentiating effects of PI3K inhibitors are not accompanied by an increase in $\beta$$_2$-AR-induced cAMP formation. Blocking $G_{i}$ or $G_{$\square$$\square$}$ signaling with pertussis toxin or $\beta$ARK-ct, a peptide inhibitor of $G_{$\square$$\square$}$, completely prevents the potentiating effects induced by PI3K inhibition, indicating that the pathway responsible for the functional compartmentation of $\beta$$_2$-AR-PKA siglaling sequentially involves $G_{i}$, $G_{$\square$$\square$}$, and PI3K. Thus, PI3K constitutes a key downstream event of $\beta$$_2$-AR- $G_{i}$ signaling, which confines and negates the concurrent $\beta$$_2$-AR/Gs-mediated PKA signaling.gnaling.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.7 no.7
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• pp.1498-1508
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• 2003

It is important to integrate an enterprise application for automating of the business process, which is responded by a flow of market environment. There are two categories of method that integrate enterprise applications. One is Synchronous Integration, and the other is Asynchronous Integration. EAI(Enterprise Application Integration) and Web service which of the asynchronous integration is focused in the automating method of the business process. After we construct the application integration for automating of the business process, we have to concern about managing of the business transaction. Many Organizations have proposed the process method of business transaction based on 2-phase commit protocol. But this method can't supply the phase that classify the transaction by transaction weight. In this Paper, we Propose an efficient method of transaction process for business transactions, which is composed by ‘Classify Phase’ that classify transactions. We called this model “3-Phase Commit Method Applied by Classify Phase”, we design this model to manage an resource of enterprise efficiently. The proposed method is compared by the method based on 2-Phase commit that could be a problem of management the resource of enterprise, and the advantage of this method is certified to propose the solution of that problem.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.44 no.7 s.361
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• pp.105-111
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• 2007

In this paper, we designed and fabricated a 3-dB tandem coupler using air-bridge technology for millimeter-wane monolithic integrated circuits, operating at W-band($75{\sim}110\;GHz$) frequency. Tightly edge-coupled CPW line has low directivity due to different even-mode and odd-mode phase velocity. To overcome this disadvantage, a 3-dB tandem coupler which comprises the two-sectional weakly parallel-coupled lines with equal phase velocity was designed at W-band. The proposed coupler was fabricated using air-bridge technology to monolithically materialize the uniplanar coupler structure instead of conventional multilayer or wire bonded structure. From the measurements, the coupling coefficient of $2.9{\sim}3.6\;dB$ and the good phase difference of $91.2{\pm}2.9^{\circ}$ were obtained in broad frequency range of $75{\sim}100\;GHz$.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2004.07c
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• pp.1679-1681
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• 2004

Class-F and B resin-rich type insulating tapes are generally used for the ground wall insulations of respective air-cooled and water-cooled stator windings in larger turbine generators. In this paper, their electrical properties coupled with aging times in higher temperature than designed one in normal condition were experimentally investigated and the results of two comparative tests were presented on the existing class-F resin-rich type tape and a developed one after curing. The resin-rich tapes currently used arc composed of six and a half 3-layer sheets that arc structured with mica paper, the top and bottom supports of it respectively, and the epoxy resin to bind them tightly. The results for breakdown voltage and strength on the cured specimens were presented, which were composed of the unaged, the aged accelerated for one, two, and three thousand hours at 180 $^{\circ}C$. The surface and volume resistivities on them were measured and the results are also presented to make a comparative test for the initial electrical characteristics.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.142-165
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• 2009

Although providing universal coverage for health care through the National Health Insurance(NHI) is a remarkable achievement, the issue of limited benefit coverage of the NHI has been at the core of national debate over how to improve its coverage. This study aims to evaluate benefit extension strategies and implemented policies with regard to the NHI since 1989 using 'policy window theory' proposed by John W. Kingdon. Understanding problem stream, policy stream, political stream, and coupling streams regarding the NHI, in particular benefit extension, would contribute to broaden policy debates and to develop more effective strategies for the future. Historically, political stream had opened policy window in the past two decades and policy streams can be characterized by three waves. Three streams have been coupled since 2003 and the government had a strong will to fulfill better performance of NHI coverage. Study findings indicate that identification of problem structure regarding NHI benefit was not connected with policy stream tightly. In addition, there has been limited discussion on policy goal and principles for extension coverage of the NHI. Policy strategies to improve coverage of the NHI should be linked to characteristics of problem and sought solutions under the principle which is expected to be sustainable through consensus in the society.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.89-93
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• 2009

Bone remodeling is a continuous process of skeletal renewal during which bone formation is tightly coupled to bone resorption. Mechanical loading is an important regulator of bone formation and resorption. In recent studies, neurotransmitters such as vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) were found to be present inside bone tissue and have been suggested to potentially regulate bone remodeling. In this study, our objective was to use a pre-established in vitro oscillatory fluid flow-induced shear stress mechanical loading system to quantify the effect of VIP on bone resorptive activity and investigate its combined effect with mechanical loading. VIP decreased osteoclastogenesis significantly decreased RANKL/OPG mRNA ration by approximately 90%. Combined VIP and mechanical loading further decreased RANKL/OPG ratio to approximately 95%. These results suggest that VIP present in bone tissue may synergistically act with mechanical loading to regulate bone remodeling via suppression of bone resorptive activities.

• The Journal of Information Technology and Database
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.17-32
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• 2000

As XML emerging as the Internet electronic document language standard of the next generation, the number of XML documents which contain vast amount of Information is increasing substantially through the transformation of existing documents to XML documents or the appearance of new XML documents. Consequently, XML document retrieval system becomes extremely essential for searching through a large quantity of XML documents that are storied in and managed by DBMS. In this paper we describe the design and implementation of BADA-IV/XML query processor that supports content-based, structure-based and attribute-based retrieval. We design XML query language based upon XQL (XML Query Language) of W3C and tightly-coupled with OQL (a query language for object-oriented database). XML document is stored and maintained in BADA-IV, which is an object-oriented database management system developed by ETRI (Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute) The storage data model is based on DOM (Document Object Model), therefore the retrieval of XML documents is executed basically using DOM tree traversal. We improve the search performance using Node ID which represents node's hierarchy information in an XML document. Assuming that DOW tree is a complete k-ary tree, we show that Node ID technique is superior to DOM tree traversal from the viewpoint of node fetch counts.