• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.567-581
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• 2008

As the size of the web is growing explosively, search engines are becoming increasingly important as the primary means to retrieve information from the Internet. A search engine periodically downloads web pages and stores them in the database to provide readers with up-to-date search results. The web crawler is a program that downloads and stores web pages for this purpose. A large-scale search engines uses a parallel web crawler to retrieve the collection of web pages maximizing the download rate. However, the service architecture or experimental analysis of parallel web crawlers has not been fully discussed in the literature. In this paper, we propose an architecture of the parallel web crawler and discuss implementation issues in detail. The proposed parallel web crawler is based on the coordinator/agent model using multiple machines to download web pages in parallel. The coordinator/agent model consists of multiple agent machines to collect web pages and a single coordinator machine to manage them. The parallel web crawler consists of three components: a crawling module for collecting web pages, a converting module for transforming the web pages into a database-friendly format, a ranking module for rating web pages based on their relative importance. We explain each component of the parallel web crawler and implementation methods in detail. Finally, we conduct extensive experiments to analyze the effectiveness of the parallel web crawler. The experimental results clarify the merit of our architecture in that the proposed parallel web crawler is scalable to the number of web pages to crawl and the number of machines used.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.379-393
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• 1995

In spite of school science learning, the students' conceptions have not been changed easily. Therefore, to make students overcome their non scientific conceptions has been an important issue in science education. The purpose of this study was to identify the conceptions of students and teachers on the motion of the earth and the moon. The instrument was developed for estimating students' understandings of the concepts related to the motion of the earth and the moon. The validity of the instrument was examined by the specialists in Science Educator and Astronomer. At the same time, the two field trials had been executed, and the items were modified. Also, it consists of 12 items including 9 two-tier multiple choice items and 3 multiple choice items. The population of this study consists of 250 eighth-, 299 tenth-, 292 eleventh-grade students, 134 science teachers in secondary school. SPSS/PC+ was adopted for the statistical analysis. The type of misconceptions possessed students were as follows: 1) At 12:00 noon, the sun is directly overhead. 2) First quarter moon is a half of overall surface of the moon. 3) Air don't rotate with the earth surface because it keeps apart from the earth surface. 4) Summer is warmer than winter, because the earth is nearer from the sun in summer. 5) Whenever season is changed, the direction of rotation axis of the earth is changed. 6) The moon is the brightest at the position of new moon, because the distance between the moon and the sun is the shortest and the moon is received strongest sunlight. 7) The moon is not seen at the position of real full moon, because it is covered with shadow of the earth. 8) When the moon is not seen in the earth, sunlight is not reached at the moon. The major findings were as follows : 1) The middle school students had more misconceptions than those of high school students. And female students had more misconceptions than those of male ones. 2) The rate of correct answer and the type of conception in the tenth grade students were very similar with eleventh grade students. 3) The higher cognitive level, the better development of scientific conception and the less misconception. Also, the correlation coefficient between scientific conception score and GALT score was 0.57. 4) The students in scientific part had higher the rate of correct answer than those of students in human part and the former had less misconception than the latter. 5) The rate of correct answer about model and figure items was lower than descriptive ones, because they did not understand about figures itselves. These types of misconceptions will be used for science instruction and studies of other conceptions need.

• The Journal of Small Business Innovation
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.57-74
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• 2016

This paper analyzes the role of strategic fit, cooperation, and performance in small-sized subpart suppliers' interactions with large businesses. For this purpose, this paper analyzes survey data from 90 first-tier suppliers of Samsung Electronics and evaluates how strategic fit and cooperative relationships affect their performance. Empirical analysis suggests that strategic fit positively affects small companies' business and innovation performance. This finding aligns with theories arguing for strategies that accommodate specific business environments. In addition, strategic fit is crucial for innovativeness of SMEs (Small and Medium-sized Enterprises). With regard to forming relationships with large companies, findings also show that high quality technological and personnel cooperation boosts subpart suppliers' productivity and efficiency as notably reflected in SMEs' business performance. Moreover, such cooperation between small and large companies reinforces the benefits associated with strategic fit and innovation. This means that if the business environment of small-sized subpart suppliers is uncertain, harnessing differentiated strategies and pursuing collaborations with prime companies will produce innovative outcomes (e.g., increased patent publications). On the other hand, when degree of uncertainty is small, pursuing cost leadership strategies and collaborating with prime companies in areas, such as technology and personnel, will help small-sized subpart suppliers produce innovative outcomes. Based on these findings, this paper argues that choosing the right competitive strategy for a specific business context is intrinsically tied to (1) augmenting technological and human collaborations with prime companies, (2) improving the quality of these interactions, and (3) generating competitiveness among small subpart suppliers. Both competition and cooperation are necessary for strengthening the competitiveness of small companies.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.58
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• pp.107-135
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• 2019

The purpose of this paper is to compare and analyze the similarities and differences between the security environment, information organization and information activities of Korea and the United States. The comparison will provide insight into Korea and other national intelligence agencies, as well as methodological advances in information research, by providing insight into the overall information and a broad understanding As the history, culture and national power of Korea and the U.S. are different, the organization and activities of intelligence agencies are also different. First of all, in terms of environment, the U.S. carries out intelligence activities for national interest and security in a wide range of areas ranging from North American continental countries to South America, the Middle East, Asia and Asia, while South Korea's intelligence activities are mainly aimed at North Korea and neighboring countries around the Korean Peninsula. In terms of information organization, U.S. intelligence agencies are separate, whereas domestic and foreign intelligence agencies are separate, whereas Korean intelligence agencies are a type of integrated intelligence agency that combines information and investigation, unlike the U.S. In the U.S., the U.S. also operates as an intelligence community, and there are many flexible organizations such as non-tier organizations and centers. Intelligence activities by U.S. intelligence agencies are mainly focused on analysis and overseas processing activities, while Korean intelligence agencies still account for a large portion of domestic information activities. Despite these differences, Korea's intelligence agency was created by imitating U.S. intelligence agencies, and thus has similar aspects in terms of evaluation of security, organization and activities. However, this similarity is shared by all intelligence agencies, so the article will focus on analyzing differences. Finally, for the development of Korean intelligence agencies, the establishment of an intelligence community and efficient control of the National Assembly will be proposed.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.58 no.6
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• pp.397-404
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• 2014

The Ministry of Health and Welfare proposed the "undergraduate program specializing in pharmaceutical industry" in 2013, as part of its roadmap to assist domestic pharmaceutical companies to become the top-tier pharma companies in near future and provide skilled personnel tailored for pharmaceutical industry. However, it is not clear whether this "undergraduate program" meets the needs of pharmaceutical industry, especially when the number of pharmacy students increased from 1,200 to 1,700 per year since 2009. The purpose of this paper is to identify which educational background is preferred by pharmaceutical companies, by surveying the CEOs of domestic pharmaceutical companies and referring to recruitment advertisements shown in medical newspapers, specified by the fields within the companies. Two independent reviewers referred to recruitment session in Yakup newspaper and Dailypharm from May 2012 until January 2014, focusing on recruitments from pharmaceutical companies targeting bachelors' degree holders with no prior experience. 749 recruitments were observed during the study period, more than 90% of which were provided by domestic pharmaceutical companies, and regardless of the companies being domestic or multinational, pharmaceutical companies' preference for pharmacists was remarkable (44.3% for domestic and 65.8% for multinational), and the preference was especially high in the fields such as Medical, R&D, Market Access (regulatory affair/pricing and reimbursement), Business Development, and Marketing. Survey results showed that the need of establishing the undergraduate program specializing in pharmaceutical industry is mixed, suggesting that although there is need for the educating personnel targeting pharmaceutical industry, the undergraduate program would not be an answer due to current PEET system. Our study concludes that in the example of pharmaceutical companies' recruitments shown in medical newspapers, pharmaceutical companies prefer pharmacy major in almost all fields of the pharmaceutical companies, yet the pharmaceutical companies still perceive the gap between current bachelor's degree holders(including pharmacy majors) and the ideal personnel required for advancing to the "top-class" pharmaceutical companies.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.207-225
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• 2001

This study develops a GIS-based system which examines the adequacy of the Groundwater development project before the actual designing of the project. A system environment is constructed in order to efficiently and scientifically manage and analyze data related to Groundwater through a Server/Client environment. For this programs such as GIS S/W ArcVies3.2, RDBMS ORACLE, ArcSDE (Spatial Database Engine) are used. WHPA and AQTESOLV are employed as a underground water simulation program and Scripts, a language for ArcView, is used to develop graphic user interface (GUI). Using the system developed here, we can transfer simulation results obtained by WHPA regarding Groundwater levels in new development projects into GIS. We can also judge whether a Groundwater development project should be permitted through examining overlaps of th effects of the development and comparing with o pollutants. At the same time, the system has a feature of supporting Groundwater development and based designing through judging the proper amount of Groundwater in a new project. It is also possible to easily and quickly prepare charts and reports using the outputs of the system. Since a two-tiered system which shares DB using inter-and intranets is developed, all the departments in the ministry of agriculture and forest and the agriculture base corporation can share accurate, reliable and latest information related to Groundwater.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.57-72
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• 2009

The purpose of this paper is to show the empirical measurement way of operation risk evaluation in domestic seaports for overcoming the limitations which the traditional DEA method has by using 13 Korean ports in 2003 for 4 inputs(birthing capacity, cargo handling capacity, number of coastal guard vessel, number o f coastal special guard vessel ) and 5 outputs(Export and Import Quantity, Number of Ship Calls, number of coastal accident, number of coastal crime, number of coastal pollution). Because traditional DEA method has produced the limited set of information, negative DEA mixed with tier, stratification and layering methods should be adopted. The goal of negative DEA is to set up DEA models that will place the poor operating ports on or close to the empirical frontier. The core empirical results of this paper are as follows. First, Donghae ports should benchmark the operation way of Yeasu, Busan, Woolsan ports in terms of the middle and longterm base. Second, 5 ports(ports of Taean, Yeasu, Tongyoung, Busan, Sokcho) which were revealed as the poor operating ports in Negative DEA analysis should benchmark Incheon, Woolsan, Pohan, and Donhae ports. The policy implication to the Korean seaports and planners is that Korean seaports should introduce the new methods like Negative DEA of this paper for predicting the poor operating in the ports.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.71-84
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• 2003

The metallic shell of soil-steel structures are so weak in bending moment that it should sustain the applied load by the interaction of the backfill soil around the structures. The shell can be subjected to excessive bending moment during side backfilling or under live-load when the soil cover is less than the minimum value. The current design code specifies the allowable deformation and Duncan(1979) and McGrath et al.(2001) suggested the strength analysis methods to limit the moments by the plastic capacity of the shell. However, the allowable deformation is an empirically determined value and the strength analysis methods are based on the results of FE analysis, hence the experimental verification is necessary. In this study, the full-scale tests were conducted on the high-profile arch to investigate its behaviors during backfilling and under static live-loads. Based on the measurements, the allowable deformation of the tested structure could be estimated to be 1.45% of rise, which is smaller than the specified allowable deformation. The comparison between the measurements and the results of two strength analyses indicate that Duncan underestimates the earth-load moment and overestimates the live-load moment, while McGrath et al. predicts both values close to the actual values. However, as the predicted factors of safeties using two methods coincide with the actual factor of safety, it can be concluded that both methods can predict the structural stability under live-loads adequately when the cover is less than the minimum.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.39-73
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• 2023

The field of Management of Technology(MOT) emerged in response to the need for research management within U.S. public research institutions during the 1960s. Since its inception, it has proliferated significantly, being practiced in more than 809 institutions globally and over 19 institutions in Korea, encompassing both research and educational endeavors. Particularly noteworthy is the substantial investment of government resources, primarily channeled through the Ministry of Industry since 2007, which has expeditiously established a comprehensive framework for cultivating graduate-level MOT expertise, marked by both quantitative and qualitative advancements. The educational curriculum in the realm of Korean MOT deviates from foreign counterparts through distinctive pathways, exemplified by its emphasis on industry practice-oriented educational programs, standardization and isomorphism across different schools, as well as its interconnectedness with proximate academic disciplines. This research systematically undertakes an analysis of the curriculum in Korean MOT graduate schools, thereby ascertaining its intrinsic identity and distinct attributes. In this endeavor, a comprehensive examination of eleven principal MOT textbooks(three in Korean and eight in English) is conducted to delineate the primary content of the curriculum across seven thematic domains. Moreover, the study deliberates on its differentiation from neighboring academic disciplines and the definitional attributes of MOT. Subsequently, this analysis also encompasses nine Korean MOT graduate programs, projecting the seven thematic domains onto their respective curricula. The findings illuminate that within the context of Korean graduate programs, a substantial proportion of the curriculum, amounting to 62.5%, is dedicated to facets encompassing the operational aspects of technology management within corporate contexts, technology management specific to varying industries and technologies, and collaborative endeavors between academia and industry in the form of projects and seminars. Evidently, the Korean approach to technology management education is notably geared towards the cultivation of adept practitioners capable of executing technology management functions at a mid-tier managerial level, aligned with the exigencies of regional industries. Grounded in the analysis of technology management curricula, this study extrapolates implications for the future trajectory of MOT education in Korea, encompassing a consideration of the stages of industrial development. It underscores the necessity to augment the educational curricula pertaining conceptual foundation of technology and innovation, strategic perspectives of technology and innovation, and the socio-economic context of technology management.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.257-290
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• 2005

Korean energy use in industrial sector has increased more rapidly than other sectors during 1980~2000 periods. Relatively higher increases in industrial sector energy consumption raise questions whether government policy of rationalization of industrial energy use has been effective. In this study, we use 80-85-90 and 90-95-00 constant price input-output table to analyze increases in industrial energy use. Using an adjusted version of structural decomposition model introduced by Chen and Rose (1990), we decompose Changes of energy use into 17 elements. We classify entire industry sector into 32 sectors including four energy sectors (coal and coal products, refined petroleum, electricity and town gas). We then analyze changes of energy use by industrial level to check differences among industrial energy demand structures. Finally, we compare three industries, electronic product manufacturing, metal manufacturing and construction, that represent technology and capital intensive, energy and material intensive and labor and capital intensive industry. As results, we find that high energy using industries make the most effort to reduce energy use. Primary metal, petrochemical and mon-metal industries show improvements in elements such as energy and material productivity, energy and material imports, energy substitution and material substitutions towards energy saving. These results imply that although those industries are heavy users of energy, they put the best effort to reduce energy use relative to other industries. We find various patterns of change in industrial energy use at industrial level. To reduce energy use, electronic product manufacturing industry needs more effort to improve technological change element while construction industry needs more effort to improve material input structure element.