• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.84-90
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• 2000

The importance of Virtual Manufacturing System is increasing in the area of developing new manufacturing processes, implementing automated workcells, designing plant facility layouts and workplace ergonomics. Virtual manufacturing system is a computer system that can generate the same information about manufacturing system structure, states, and behaviors as is observed in a real manufacturing. In this research, a virtual manufacturing system for flexible manufacturing cells (VFMC), (which is a useful tool for building Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM), has been developed using object-oriented paradigm, and implemented with software QUEST/IGRIP. Three object models used in the system are the product model, the facility model, and the process model. The concrete behaviors of a flexible manufacturing cell are re[presented by the task-oriented description diagram, TIC. An example simulation is executed to evaluate applicability of the developed models, and to prove the potential value of virtual manufacturing paradigm.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.229-236
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• 2016

We present proton-induced single event effects (SEEs) and γ-ray-induced total ionizing dose (TID) data for 1 Gbit lowpower double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (LPDDR SDRAM) fabricated on a 5 μm epitaxial layer (54 nm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology). We compare our radiation tolerance data for LPDDR SDRAM with those of general DDR SDRAM. The data confirms that our devices under test (DUTs) are potential candidates for space flight applications.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.77-84
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• 2009

Objective : Patients with spinal cord injury are increasing in numbers. However, there is no reliable treatment guide in both conventional & complementary medicine. Also, there are not much clinical case of patients with spina cord injury in oriental medical field. We investigated effect of sweet BV on subacute stage patient with spinal cord injury. Method : 31-year old female patient with spinal cord injury was treated with herb medicine(TID), electro arcupunture (BID), sweet BV injection(QOD), Physical treatment(QD), and conventional-medicine. Result : We had a satisfactory result with using sweet BV injection. The patient's ASIA grade improved from 34 to 52. And Frankle classification of the patient shifted from A to B. Conclusion : We reach a conclusion Using Sweet BV improve the sensation of patient with spinal cord injury. And more study about this disease is needed.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.419-421
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• 2007

15년령의 중성화한 퍼그견이 거위울음소리 같은 기침 때문에 내원 하였다. 본 환축은 임상증상과 방사선 검사를 이용하여 기관지허탈로 진단하였다. 환축의 치료를 위하여 폐수(BL13), 중부(LU01), 척택(LU05), 공최(LU06), 열결(LU07), 태연(LU09) 및 천돌(CV22)에 10일간 butorphanol 약침을 실시하였으며, BL13, LU01 및 CV22에 9일간 butorphanol 약침을 추가로 실시하였다. 본 환축은 소청용탕(小靑龍湯)을 7일간 투여 받았으며, 소자강기탕(蘇子降氣湯)을 12일간 추가로 투여 받았다. 치료 후 환축은 기침을 하지 않았으며, 기관치의 직경이 방사선 사진에서 치료전보다 증가해 있었다. 3개월 후 정기 진단 시 기침은 전혀 관찰되지 않았으며, 기관지의 직경은 치료 후보다 더욱 증가해있었다. 결론적으로 본 환축은 butorphanol의 약침과 한약제의 병행으로 양호한 치료반응을 나타낸 개 기관지허탈 증례이었다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1997년도 하계학술대회 논문집 C
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• pp.1326-1329
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• 1997

In this paper, PNN-PZN-PZT ceramics were fabricated with various mole ratio of the PZT[$Pb(Zr_{1/2}Tid_{1/2})O_3$]. PNN [$Pb(Ni_{1/3}Nb_{2/3})O_3$] and PZN[$Pb(Ni_{1/3}Nb_{2/3})O_3$ powders prepared by double calcination and PZT powders prepared by molten-salt synthesis method. The formation rate of perovskite phase in PNN-PZN-PZT ceramics could be obtained about 92% at PZT 0.3 mole ratio. The relative permittivity of specimen with PZT 0.3 mole ratio was shown 5,320 and appeared the relaxor ferroelectric feature. The maximum piezoelectric coefficient $d_{31}$ to be used for evaluation the displacement of piezoceramics in PNN-PZN-PZT ceramics was $324{\times}10^{-12}$(C/V) at the vicinity of morphotropic phase boundary and was larger than that of solid PZT ceramics($120{\times}10^{-12}C/V$).

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1997년도 하계학술대회 논문집 C
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• pp.1330-1332
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• 1997

In this paper, PNN-PZN-PZT ceramics were fabricated with various mole ratio of the PZT[$Pb(Zr_{1/2}Tid_{1/2})O_3$]. PNN [$Pb(Ni_{1/3}Nb_{2/3})O_3$] and PZN[$Pb(Ni_{1/3}Nb_{2/3})O_3$ powders prepared by double calcination and PZT powders prepared by molten-salt synthesis method. The formation rate of perovskite phase in PNN-PZN-PZT ceramics could be obtained about 92% at PZT 0.3 mole ratio. The relative permittivity of specimen with PZT 0.3 mole ratio was shown 5,320 and appeared the relaxor ferroelectric feature. The maximum piezoelectric coefficient $d_{31}$ to be used for evaluation the displacement of piezoceramics in PNN-PZN-PZT ceramics was $324{\times}10^{-12}$(C/V) at the vicinity of morphotropic phase boundary and was larger than that of solid PZT ceramics($120{\times}10^{-12}C/V$).

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2004

Two approximate methods for a cosmic radiation shielding calculation in low earth orbits were developed and assessed. Those are a sectoring method and a chord-length distribution method. In order to simulate a change in cosmic radiation environments along the satellite mission trajectory, IGRF model and AP(E)-8 model were used. When the approximate methods were applied, the geometrical model of satellite structure was approximated as one-dimensional slabs, and a pre-calculated dose-depth conversion function was introduced to simplify the dose calculation process. Verification was performed with mission data of KITSAT-1 and the calculated results were also compared with detailed 3-dimensional calculation results using Monte Carlo calculation. Dose results from the approximate methods were conservatively higher than Monte Carlo results, but were lower than experimental data in total dose rate. Differences between calculation and experimental data seem to come from the AP-8 model, for which it is reported that fluxes of proton are underestimated. We confirmed that the developed approximate method can be applied to commercial satellite shielding calculations. It is also found that commercial products of semi-conductors can be damaged due to total ionizing dose under LEO radiation environment. An intensive shielding analysis should be taken into account when commercial devices are used.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.330-335
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• 2006

The present investigation was carried out to determine the efficacy and safety of Abutilon indicum (A. indicum) (Eng: Country Mallow, Fam: Malvaceae) in patients of bronchial asthma. Dried aerial parts of A. indicum were finely powdered and given in the dose of 1 gm tid to 30 patients of either sex in the range of 15 - 80 years with mild to moderate bronchial asthma with or without any concurrent medication. The respiratory functions (FVC, $FEV_{1}$, $FEF_{25-75%}$and MVV) were assessed using a spirometer prior to and after 4 weeks of treatment. Efficacy of the drug in improving clinical symptoms and severity of asthmatic attacks was evaluated by interviewing the patient and by physical and hematological examination at the end of the treatment. 4 weeks treatment with the drug showed statistically significant improvement in various parameters of pulmonary functions in asthmatic subjects. Also significant improvement was observed in clinical symptoms and severity of asthmatic attacks. None of the patient showed any adverse effect with A. indicum. The results of the present study suggest the usefulness of A. indicum in patients with mild to moderate bronchial asthma.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2009년도 제40회 하계학술대회
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• pp.1788_1789
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 핵폭발과 같은 고준위방사선환경에서의 전자부품소자의 피해평가분석을 통하여 군용전자장비의 내방사선화를 하기 위한 기반기술의 확립을 위한 연구의 일환으로 74AC04(Inverter) IC에 대한 고준위감마선조사시험을 통하여 Co-60 Gamma-ray 선원을 사용하여 총 400Krad[si] 누적 선량에 대한 74AC04 소자의 동작특성 및 전기적 파라메터의 변화분석을 진행하였다. 시험평가 방법 및 절차는 MIL-STD-883G 1019.7[1] 및 ESA/SCC Basic Specification No.22900[2] 절차를 기준으로 하여 동일 lot에 대한 5개의 샘플을 이용하여 동작특성에 영향을 미치는 주요한 전기 적파라메터인 정지소비전류, 입력누설전류, VIL(Maximum Low Level Input Voltage)에 대한 변화추이를 분석하였다. 이번 조사시험을 통하여 입력게이트에서의 누적선량에 따른 TID(Total Ionizing Dose) 효과로 인한 VIL의 감소 추이를 확인 할 수 있었으며 총 누적선량 160Krad 이상에서의 VIL은 허용기준치이하로 감소하였고 정지소비전류의 경우 누적선량에 따른 점진적 증가 현상과 200Krad부근에서의 설계스펙허용치를 초과하는 결과를 확인하였다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.39-44
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• 2006

Type I diabetes (T1D) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease caused by the T cell-mediated destruction of the insulin-producing ${\beta}$ cells in the pancreatic islets. The onset of T1D is the consequence of a progressive destruction of islet ${\beta}$ cells mediated by an imbalance between effector $CD4^+$ T helper (Th)1 and regulatory $CD4^+$ Th2 cell function. Since interferon-alpha (IFN-${\alpha}$) has been known to modulate immune function and autoimmunity, we investigated whether administration of adenoviralmediated IFN-${\alpha}$ gene would inhibit the diabetic process in NOD mice. The development of diabetes was significantly inhibited by a single injection of adenoviral-mediated IFN-${\alpha}$ gene before 8 weeks of age. Next, we examined the hypothesis that Th2-type cytokines are associated with host protection against autoimmune diabetes, whereas Th1-type cytokines are associated with pathogenesis of T1D. The expression of IFN-${\alpha}$ induced increase of serum IL-4 and IL-6 (Th2 cytokines) levels and decrease of serum IL-12 and IFN-${\gamma}$ (Th1 cytokines) levels. Therefore, overexpression of IFN-${\alpha}$ by adenoviralmediated delivery provides modulation of pathogenic progression and protection of NOD mice from T1D.