• 한국재료학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.202-208
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• 2015

Alumina dispersion strengthening copper(ADSC) alloy has great potential for use in many industrial applications such as contact supports, frictional break parts, electrode materials for lead wires, and spot welding with relatively high strength and good conductivity. In this study, we investigated the oxidation behavior of ADSC alloys. These alloys were fabricated in forms of plate and round type samples by surface oxidation reaction using Cu-0.8Al, Cu-0.4Al-0.4Ti, and Cu-0.6Al-0.4Ti(wt%) alloys. The alloys were oxidized at $980^{\circ}C$ for 1 h, 2 h, and 4 h in ambient atmosphere. The microstructure was observed with an optical microscope(OM) and a scanning electron microscope(SEM) equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS). Characterization of alumina was carried out using a 200 kV field-emission transmission electron microscope(TEM). As a result, various oxides including Ti were formed in the oxidation layer, in addition to ${\gamma}$-alumina. The thickness of the oxidation layer increased with Ti addition to the Cu-Al alloy and with the oxidation time. The corrected diffusion equation for the plate and round type samples showed different oxidation layer thickness under the same conditions. Diffusion length of the round type specimen had a value higher than that of its plate counterpart because the oxygen concentration per unit area of the round type specimen was higher than that of the plate type specimen at the same diffusion depth.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.162-169
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• 2009

Pure titanium and its alloys are drastically used in implant materials due to their excellent mechanical properties, high corrosion resistance and good biocompatibility. However, the widely used Ti-6Al-4V is found to release toxic ions (Al and V) into the body, leading to undesirable long-term effects. Ti-6Al-4V has much higher elastic modulus than cortical bone. Therefore, titanium alloys with low elastic modulus have been developed as biomaterials to minimize stress shielding. For this reason, Ti-30Ta-xZr alloy systems have been studied in this study. The Ti-30Ta containing Zr(5, 10 and 15 wt%) were 10 times melted to improve chemical homogeneity by using a vacuum furnace and then homogenized for 24 hrs at $1000^{\circ}C$. The specimens were cut and polished for corrosion test and Ti coating and then coated with TiN, respectively, by using DC magnetron sputtering method. The analyses of coated surface were carried out by field emission scanning electron microscope(FE-SEM). The electrochemical characteristics were examined using potentiodynamic (- 1500 mV~+ 2000 mV) and AC impedance spectroscopy(100 kHz~10 mHz) in 0.9% NaCl solution at $36.5{\pm}1^{\circ}C$. The equiaxed structure was changed to needle-like structure with increasing Zr content. The surface defects and structures were covered with TiN/Ti coated layer. From the polarization behavior in 0.9% NaCl solution, The corrosion current density of Ti-30Ta-xZr alloys decreased as Zr content increased, whereas, the corrosion potential of Ti-30Ta-xZr alloys increased as Zr content increased. The corrosion resistance of TiN/Ti-coated Ti-30Ta-xZr alloys were higher than that of the TiN-coated Ti-30Ta-xZr alloys. From the AC impedance in 0.9% NaCl solution, polarization resistance($R_p$) value of TiN/Ti coated Ti-30Ta-xZr alloys showed higher than that of TiN-coated Ti-30Ta-xZr alloys.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.220-226
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• 2016

The mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V can be improved by microstructural control through the heat treatment in ${\alpha}+{\beta}$ region. The heat treatment was carried out with a variety of heat treatment temperatures and holding times to find the optimized heat treatment conditions and it was analyzed by linking the microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties. The part of ${\beta}$ phase with $10{\pm}2wt%$ vanadium was transformed into ${\alpha}^{{\prime}{\prime}}$ martensite phase after quenched, so the hardness and tensile properties were decreased below $900^{\circ}C$. The higher the heat treatment temperature is, the smaller is the vanadium-rich region, which leads to transformation into hcp ${\alpha}^{\prime}$ martensite above $900^{\circ}C$. The hardness and tensile properties were improved due to the hard ${\alpha}^{\prime}$ martensite. As the holding times were longer, the hardness and tensile properties decreased below $900^{\circ}C$ because of the softening effect by the grain growth. When varying the holding times above $900^{\circ}C$, the change of mechanical properties was slight because the softening effect of grain growth and the strengthening effect of ${\alpha}^{\prime}$ phase were counteractive. Therefore, the best conditions of heat treatment, which is in the range of $920{\sim}960^{\circ}C$, 40 min, WQ, can effectively improve the mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V.

• 한국표면공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국표면공학회 2017년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.152-152
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• 2017

Titanium and its alloys have been widely used for biomedical applications. However, the use of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy in biomaterial is then a subject of controversy because aluminum ions and vanadium oxide have potential detrimental influence on the human body due to vanadium and aluminum. Hence, recent works showed that the synthesis of new Ti-based alloys for implant application involves more biocompatible metallic alloying element,such as, Nb, Hf, Zr and Mo. In particular, Nb and Hf are one of the most effective Ti ${\beta}$-stabilizer and reducing the elastic modulus. Plasma electrolyte oxidation (PEO) is known as excellent method in the biocompatibility of biomaterial due to quickly coating time and controlled coating condition. The anodized oxide layer and diameter modulation of Ti alloys can be obtained function of improvement of cell adhesion. Silicon (Si) and magnesium (Mg) has a beneficial effect on bone. Si in particular has been found to be essential for normal bone and cartilage growth and development. In vitro studies have shown that Mg plays very important roles in essential for normal growth and metabolism of skeletal tissue in vertebrates and can be detected as minor constituents in teeth and bone. Therefore, in this study, Si and Mg coatings on the hydroxyapatite film formed Ti-29Nb-xHf alloys by plasma electrolyte oxidation has been investigated using several experimental techniques. Ti-29Nb-xHf (x= 0, 3, 7 and 15wt%, mass fraction) alloys were prepared Ti-29Nb-xHf alloys of containing Hf up from 0 wt% to 15 wt% were melted by using a vacuum furnace. Ti-29Nb-xHf alloys were homogenized for 2 hr at $1050^{\circ}C$. The electrolyte was Si and Mg ions containing calcium acetate monohydrate + calcium glycerophosphate at room temperature. The microstructure, phase and composition of Si and Mg coated oxide surface of Ti-29Nb-xHf alloys were examined by FE-SEM, EDS, and XRD.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.181-185
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• 1997

The electrochemical properties of the $AB_2$-type (Zr-Ti-V-Ni-Cr-Co-Mn) metal hydride electrodes prepared by ball milling with $AB_5-type\{(LM)Ni_{3.6}Al_{0.4}Co_{0.7}Mn_{0.3}\}$(LM : Lanthanum-rich mischmetal) alloy powder as a surface activator were investigated. By ball milling with $AB_5$ type alloy powder, the activation of $AB_2$ type metal hydride electrode was accelerated resulting in an increase of discharge capacity from 35% to 85% of the maximum capacity at the first cycle. As the amount of surface activator increased the activation rate increased, whereas the discharge capacity increased with 10wt% and decreased with 20wt% addition of the surface activator. When the amount of the surface activator was kept constant as 10wt%, the discharge capacity and the activation rate increased with ball milling time up to 20 hours. However beyond 20 hours of ball milling time, they decreased drastically due to the nano-crystallization or amorphorzation of the alloy powder.

• 한국표면공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국표면공학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.61-62
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• 2007

HVOF thermal spray coating of micron size Co-alloy powder has been studied for the durability improvement of high velocity spindle (HVS). Optimal coating process of this system for the best surface properties is hydrogen flow rate 75 FMR, oxygen flow rate 38-42 FMR, feed rate 30 g/min at spray distance 5 inch. Friction coefficient (FC) and wear trace (WT) decrease increasing coating surface temperature from 25$^{\circ}$C to 538$^{\circ}$C due to the higher lubricant effects of the oxides at the higher temperature. At the study of adhesion of T800 coating on a light metal alloy Ti-6Al-4V (Ti64) tensile bond strength (TBS) and tensile fracture location (TFL) of Ti64/T800 are 8,740 psi and near middle of T800 coating respectively. This shows that adhesion of Ti64/T800 is higher than the cohesion strength (8,740 psi) of T800 coating. Therefore T800 coating is strongly advisable for the surface coating on HVS such as high speed air-bearing spindle.

• 한국표면공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국표면공학회 2017년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.83-83
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• 2017

생체재료의 표면은 이식과 동시에 생체계면의 역할을 하게 되어, 일련의 생물학적 반응이 시작되고 진행되는 중요한 장소가 된다. 초기에 생체계면에서 일어나는 단백질 흡착이나 염증반응을 비롯한 생물학적 반응들은 궁극적으로 임플란트의 성패를 좌우할 만큼 중요하다. 골융합을 개선하기 위한 다른 방법으로 생체불활성의 타이타늄 (Ti)과 골조직의 능동적인 반응을 이루기 위해 생체활성 표면을 부여함으로서 계면에서의 골형성 반응을 증진시키는 방법이 이용된다. 생체불활성의 Ti과 Ti합금은 골조직과 직접적인 결합을 이루지 못하므로, 골조직과의 반응을 향상하기 위해 여러 종류의 생체활성 재료를 코팅하는 방법이 연구되어 왔고, 이 중 생체의 변화와 가장 유사한 하이드록시아파타이트 코팅이 가장 대중적인 방법으로 사용되었으며 이는 초기 골형성을 촉진하는 것으로 알려졌다. 치과용 임플란트의 표면형상과 화학조성이 골 융합에 영향을 미치는 가장 중요한 인자이므로 최근의 연구동향은 이들 두 가지 표면특성을 결합함으로서 결과적으로 최적의 골세포반응을 유도하고, 골융합 후 골조직과의 micromechanical interlocking에 의해 임플란트의 안정성에 중요한 역할을 하는 마이크론 단위의 표면조도와 표면 구조를 유지하면서, 부가적으로 골 조직 반응을 능동적으로 개선할 수 있는 생체활성 성분을 부여하여 골 융합에 상승효과를 이루기 위한 표면처리법에 관해 많은 연구가 요구되어지고 있다. 따라서 골을 구하는 원소인 망간과 실리콘으로 치환된 하이드록시아파타이트를 플라즈마 전해 산화법으로 코팅하여 세포와 잘 결합할 수 있는 표면을 제공함으로써 골 융합과 치유기간을 단축시킬 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 실험방법은 시편은 치과 임플란트 제작 합금인 Ti-6Al-4V ELI disk (grade 5, Timet Co., USA; diameter, 10 mm, thickness, 3 mm)이며, calcium acetate monohydrate, calcium glycerophosphate, manganese(II) acetate tetrahydrate, sodium metasilicate을 설계조건에 따라 혼합 제조된 전해질 용액을 이용하여 플라즈마 전해 산화법으로 표면 코팅을 실시하였다. 각 시편의 플라즈마 전해시 전압은 280V로 인가하였고, 전류밀도는 70mA로 정전류를 공급하여 해당 인가전압 도달 후 3분 동안 정전압 방식을 유지하였다. 코팅된 피막 표면을 주사전자현미경과 X-선 회절분석을 통하여 미세구조 및 결정상을 관찰하였다. 또한 코팅된 표면의 생체활성 평가는 정량적으로 평가하기 위해 동전위시험과 AC 임피던스를 통하여 시행하였다. 분극거동을 확인하기 위해 potentiostat (Model PARSTAT 2273, EG&G, USA)을 이용하여 구강 내 환경과 유사한 $36.5{\pm}1^{\circ}C$의 0.9 wt.% NaCl에서 실시하였다. 전기화학적 부식 거동은 potentiodynamic 방법으로 조사하였고 인가전위는 -1500 mV에서 2000 mV까지 분당 1.67 mV/min 의 주사속도로 인가하여 시험을 수행하였다. 임피던스 측정은 potentiostat (Model PARSTAT 2273, EG&G, USA)을 이용하였으며, 측정에 사용한 주파수 영역은 10mHz ~ 100kHz 까지의 범위로 하여 조사하였고 ZSimWin(Princeton applied Research, USA) 소프트웨어를 사용하여 용액의 저항, 분극 저항 값을 산출하였다. 망간의 함량이 증가할수록 불규칙한 기공을 보였으며, 실리콘은 $TiO_2$ 산화막 형성을 저해하는 경향을 확인할 수 있었다. 단독으로 표면을 처리한 경우보다 두 가지 원소를 이용해 복합 표면처리를 시행한 경우가 내식성이 좋아 임플란트과의 골 유착에 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 것으로 사료된다.