• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.425-432
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• 1994

Voltammogram analysis of U(VI) reduction at electrochemically non-pretreated/pretreated Ti electrodes in nitric acid and hydrazine($N_2$H$_4$)/protonated hydrazine($N_2$H$_{5}$$^{＋}$) media was done in order to determine the effect of hydrazine form and Ti electrode condition on the reduction of U(VI) in nitric acid. In the case of non-pretreated Ti electrode, the reduction in nitric acid and hydrazine mono-hydrate solution needed a high activation overpotential and was affected by the ratio of hydrazine to nitric acid rather than by only absolute amount of hydrazine because of the decrease of solution conductivity and increase of iR drop, which were caused by proton consumption in the solution by the hydrazine. In the case of pretreated Ti electrode in nitric acid and protonated hydrazine solution, the reduction current peaks of U(VI) were clearer and higher enough to perform a kinetic analysis, compared with the case with the non-pretreated Ti electrode at the same potential, and the behavior was strongly affected by nitric acid. The presence of hydrazine was important in the reduction of U(VI) at the pretreated Ti electrode for preventing the reoxidation of U(IV), but the concentration of protonated hydrazine was not.t.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.607-613
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• 2004

This study was to investigate the surface properties of electrochemically oxidized Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy by anodic spark discharge technique. Anodizing was performed at current density 30 $mA/cm^2$ up to 300 V in electrolyte solutions containing $DL-{\alpha}$-glycerophosphate disodium salt hydrate($DL-{\alpha}$-GP) and calcium acetate (CA). Hydrothermal treatment was done at $300^{\circ}C$ for 2 hrs to produce a thin outermost layer of hydroxyapatite (HA). The bioactivity was evaluated from HA formation on the surfaces in a Hanks' solution with pH 7.4 at $36.5^{\circ}C$ for 30 days. The size of micropores and the thickness of oxide film increased and complicated multilayer by increasing the spark forming voltage. Needle-like HA crystals were observed on anodic oxide film after the hydrothermal treatment at $300^{\circ}C$ for 2 hrs. When increasing $DL-{\alpha}$-GP in electrolyte composition, the precipitated HA crystals showed the shape of thick and shorter rod. However, when increasing CA, the more fine needle shape HA crystals were appeared. The bioactivity in Hanks' solution was accelerated when the oxide films composed with strong anatase peak with presence of rutile peak. The increase of amount of Ca and P was observed in groups having bioactivity in Hanks' solution. The Ca/P ratio of the precipitated HA layer was equivalent to that of HA crystal and it was closer to 1.67 as increasing the immersion time in Hanks' solution.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.200-202
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• 2008

동해 울릉분지에서는 시추선 RemEtive를 사용하여 UBGH-X-01 가스하이드레이트 탐사가 2007년에 실시되었다. 본 연구에서는 천부 가스하이드레이트가 확인된 UBGH1-10 정점에서 무인잠수정(Quantam WROV)을 사용하여 획득된 푸쉬코어와 해저지형 분석을 수행되었다.UBGH1-10 정점은 seismic chimneys의 탄성파 특성이 발달된 지역이다. 이곳에서는 해저표면으로부터 수 m 하부에서 가스하이드레이트가 발견되었다. 이 정점은 수 m 높이의 얕은 둔덕들이 무인잠수정에 부착된 비디오 카메라에 의해서 관찰되었다.이곳에서 채취된 길이 약40 cm의 푸쉬코어는 생물교란된 뻘질 퇴적물로 구성되어 있으며, 가스하이드레이트와 chemosynthetic community는 관찰되지 않았다. 푸쉬코어는 X-ray fluorescence scanner를 사용하여 퇴적물의 26가지 원소 조성을 분석하였다. UBGH1-10 정점의 산화환원환경은 Mo/Al과 Mn/Ti 원소비를 이용하여 천부 가스하이드레이트가 발견되지 않은 UBGH1-9와 UBGH1-1 정점과 대비하였다. 이 정점의 일차생산력은 Ba/Al 원소비를 이용하여 다른 정점과 대비하였다. 천부 가스하이드레이트가 발견된 UBGH1-10 정점은 활발한 가스방출과 관련된 생물집단 서식 또는 자생광물 형성의 흔적이 발견되지 않으며, 퇴적물에서도 산화환원환경과 일차생산력의 큰 차이가 관찰되지 않는다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.330-337
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• 2011

In this research, the preparation processes for making a series of $\omega$-mercapto alkylamine 1 and $\omega$-mercapto alkanoic acid 2 useful for studying of the self-assembled monolayer(SAM) are described. The preparation methods of the first goal materials, $\omega$-mercapto alkylamines 1 were carried out as follows: First, $\omega$-phthalimide alkanol 3 was synthesized from commercially available potassium phthalimide derivatives and $\omega$-bromoalkanol in DMF at $80{^{\circ}C}$ via substitution reaction. After refluxing $\omega$-phthalimide alkanol 3 with hydrazine hydrate in ethanol followed by treating with c-HCl, $\omega$-aminoalkanol 4 was obtained in 76-98% yield, accompanied with side-product 5. Bromination of hydroxyl moiety of $\omega$-aminoalkanol 4 using aqueous hydrobromic acid furnished $\omega$-bromoamine 6 in 34-97% yields. Substitution reaction 6 with thiourea in 95% ethanol gave $\omega$-aminoalkanthiuronium 7, which was treated with aqueous strong base and aqueous strong sulfuric acid gave desired products, $\omega$-mercapto alkylamines 1 through overall 5 steps. The second target material, $\omega$-mercapto alkanoic acid 2 was prepared via 2 steps. $\omega$-bromo alkanoic acid was reacted with thiourea to give $\omega$-thiourea alkanoic acid 7 in 69-85%, which was treated with aqueous strong base and strong acid to furnish $\omega$-mercapto alkanoic acid 2 in 50-98%. The fabricated long-chain alkylthiol(LCAT) can be used as linkers to immobilize protein, enzyme and various kinds of biomolecules on the surface of metallic materials(Au, Pt, Ti) by SAM, and can be useful chemical tools for the application study on the surface modification of metallic materials.