• 한국표면공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국표면공학회 2016년도 추계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.118.1-118.1
• /
• 2016

The laser surface modification has been reported for its functional applications for improving tribological performance, wear resistance, hardness, and corrosion property. In most of these applications, continuous wave lasers and pulsed lasers were used for surface melting, cladding, alloying. Since flexibility in processing, refinement of microstructure and controlling the surface properties, technology utilizing lasers has been used in a number of fields. Especially, femtosecond laser has great benefits compared with other lasers because its pulsed width is much shorter than characteristic time of thermal diffusion, which leads to diminish heat affected zone. Moreover, laser surface engineering has been highlighted as an effective tool for micro/nano structuring of materials in the bio application field. In this study, we applied femtosecond and nanosecond pulsed laser to treat biometals, such as Mg, Mg alloy, and NiTi alloy, by heating to improve corrosion properties and functionalize their surface controlling cell response as implantable biomedical devices.

• 한국결정성장학회지
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.124-127
• /
• 2005

[ $Ti:LiNbO_3$ ], 광도파로 제작을 위해 큐리온도$(T_c)$ 아래에서 백금박스 내에서 알곤 과 산소 분위기 내에서 열처리 과정 동안 기판 표면의 강유전 도메인 특성 변화를 관찰하였다. 열처리 된 $LiNbO_3$ 기판의 +Z면의 경우 전체적으로 약 $1.6{\mu}m$ 두께로 도메인 반전이 이루어 졌으며, 표면에서 etch hillock이 관찰되었다. $LiNbO_3$ 결정 표면의 Li 이온이 외부로 확산 되는 영향을 감소시킬 수 있는 환경에 있는 기판 면에서 하나의 도메인이 관찰되었으며, 이때 결정 표면에서의 식각특성, 결정성 및 양이온 분포변화에 관하여 X-선 회절, AFM 및 SIMS를 이용하여 분석하였다.

• 한국결정성장학회지
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.199-209
• /
• 1994

Titanium tetra iso-propoxide와 Lead acetate trihydrate를 출발물질로 사용하여 제조한 졸을 현미경용 soda-lime-silica 슬라이드 유리, Si-Wafer 및 Sapphire 기판 위에 Dip-coating법으로 박막을 제조하였으며, 안정한 졸을 얻기 위하여 Acetylacetone을 첨가하였다. 졸의 점도, 조성등의 영향을 조사하였고, 조성변화, 막의 두께 변화, 열처리 온도에 따른 가시영역에서의 투과율과 굴절율 및 IR Spectra를 측정하였으며, $PbTiO_3$ 박막의 결정 생성 유무를 XPD로 검토하였다. 또하 EDX로 슬라이드 유리에서 박막으로의 확산 유무를 조사하였다. 제조된 졸은 20일동안 침전없는 안정한 상태를 유지하였다. 가시영역에서의 투과율은 열처리온도와 막의 두께가 증가함에 따라 감소하였고, flat한 투과특성을 나타내었다. 슬라이드 유리 위에 코팅한 $PbTiO_3$ 박막은 $600^{\circ}C$에서 열처리한 경우 Pyrochlore형이 나타났고, Si-Wafer와 Sapphire 기판 위에 코팅할 경우에는 $600^{\circ}C$에서 Pyrochlore형이 나타나기 시작하였으며, 열처리 온도가 높아짐에 따라 $800^{\circ}C$에서 $PbTi_3O_7$상이 나타났다.

• Carbon letters
• /
• 제27권
• /
• pp.64-71
• /
• 2018

$TiO_2$-doped activated carbon fibers (ACFs) were successfully prepared as capacitive deionization (CDI) electrode materials by facile ultrasonication-assisted process. ACFs were treated with titanium isopropoxide (TTIP) and isopropyl alcohol solutions of different concentrations and then calcinated by ultrasonication without heat-treatment. The results show that a certain amount of anatase $TiO_2$ was present on the ACF surface. The specific capacitance of the $TiO_2$-doped ACF electrode was remarkably improved (by 93.8% at scan rate of $50mV\;s^{-1}$) over that of the untreated ACF electrode, despite decreases in the specific surface area and total pore volume upon $TiO_2$ doping. From the CDI experiments, the salt adsorption capacity and charge efficiency of the sample with TTIP percent concentration of 15% were found to considerably increase by 71.9 and 57.1%, respectively. These increases are attributed to the improved wettability of the electrode, which increases the number of surface active sites and facilitates salt ion diffusion in the ACF pores. Additionally, the Ti-OH groups of $TiO_2$ act as electrosorption sites, which increases the electrosorption capacity.

• 열처리공학회지
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.105-112
• /
• 2013

The microstructural changes of Fe-20Mn-12Cr-1Cu alloy have been studied during high temperature gas nitriding (HTGN) at the range of $1000^{\circ}C{\sim}1150^{\circ}C$ in an atmosphere of nitrogen gas. The mixed microstructure of austenite and ${\varepsilon}$-martensite of as-received alloy was changed to austenite single phase after HTGN treatment at the nitrogen-permeated surface layer, however the interior region that was not affected nitrogen permeation remained the structure of austenite and ${\varepsilon}$-martensite. With raising the HTGN treatment temperature, the concentration and permeation depth of nitrogen, which is known as the austenite stabilizing element, were increased. Accordingly, the depth of austenite single phase region was increased. The outmost surface of HTGN treated alloy at $1000^{\circ}C$ appeared Cr nitride. And this was in good agreement with the thermodynamically calculated phase diagram. The grain growth was delayed after HTGN treatment temperature ranges of $1000^{\circ}C{\sim}1100^{\circ}C$ due to the grain boundary precipitates. For the HTGN treatment temperature of $1150^{\circ}C$, the fine grain region was shown at the near surface due to the grain boundary precipitates, however, owing to the depletion of grain boundary precipitates, coarse grain was appeared at the depth far from the surface. This depletion may come from the strong affinity between nitrogen and substitutional element of Al and Ti leading the diffusion of these elements from interior to surface. Because of the nitrogen dissolution at the nitrogen-permeated surface layer by HTGN treatment, the surface hardness was increased above 150 Hv compared to the interior region that was consisted with the mixed microstructure of austenite and ${\varepsilon}$-martensite.

• 한국결정성장학회지
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.37-42
• /
• 2021

화학적 조성이 TiZrN 박막의 구조적 특성 및 열적 특성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 증착된 TixZr1-xN(x = 0.87, 0.82, 0.7, 0.6, 0.28) 박막에서 Zr 분율이 증가함에 따라 결정립 크기가 감소하고 주상 구조에서 입계상 구조로 점진적으로 변화하는 미세구조 변화가 관찰되었다. 또한 XRD 분석을 통해 Zr 분율이 0.4까지 증가할 때 TiN 상에서 TiZrN 상으로의 점진적인 결정상 전이가 일어났음을 확인하였다. 900℃ 온도에서의 열처리 이후 Ti0.82Zr0.18N과 Ti0.7Zr0.3N 박막은 rutile 상 TiO2와 TiZrO4 산화물이 공존하는 형태로 전환된 반면에 Ti0.6Zr0.4N 박막은 TiZrO4 산화물로 변화함을 확인하였다. 다섯 가지 조성의 TiZrN 박막 중에서 Ti0.6Zr0.4N 박막이 가장 우수한 고온 안정성을 나타내었고, Inconel 617 기판의 열산화에 의해 발생하는 Cr의 표면 확산을 억제하는 열산화 저항성 향상 효과가 가장 우수함을 확인하였다.

• 대한금속재료학회지
• /
• 제47권4호
• /
• pp.242-247
• /
• 2009

On the Transient Liquid Phase Bonding (TLPB) phenomenon with the MBF-50 insert metal at narrow gap (under 100), it takes long time for the bonding and the homogenizing. Typically, isothermal solidification is controlled by the diffusion of depressed element of B and Si. However, the amount of B and Si in the MBF-50 filler metal is large. This is reason of the long bonding time. Also, the MBF-50 filler metal did not contained Al and Ti which are ${\gamma}^{\prime}$ phases former. This is reason of the long homogenizing time. From the bonding phenomenon with the MBF-50 insert metal, we search main factors on the bonding mechanism and select several insert-metals for using the wide-gap TLPB. New insert-metals contained Al and Ti which are ${\gamma}^{\prime}$ phases former and decrease the B then the MBF-50. When the new insert-metal was used on the TLPB, the bonding time was decreased about 1/10 times and homogenizing heat treatment was no needed. In spite of the without homogenizing, the volume fraction of ${\gamma}^{\prime}$ phases in the boned interlayer was equal to homogenizing heat treated specimen which was TLPB with the MBF-50. Finally, the new insert metal named WG1 for the wide-gap TLPB is more efficient then the MBF-50 filler metal without decreasing the bonding characteristic.

• 한국분말재료학회지
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.9-15
• /
• 2009

Amorphization and crystallization behaviors of $Ti_{50}Cu_{50}Ni_{20}Al_{10}$ powders during high-energy ball milling and subsequent heat treatment were studied. Full amorphization obtained after milling for 30 h was confirmed by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope. The morphology of powders prepared using different milling times was observed by field-emission scanning electron microscope. The powders developed a fine, layered, homogeneous structure with prolonged milling. The crystallization behavior showed that the glass transition, $T_g$, onset crystallization, $T_x$, and super cooled liquid range ${\Delta}T=T_x-T_g$ were 691,771 and 80 K, respectively. The isothermal transformation kinetics was analyzed by the John-Mehn-Avrami equation. The Avrami exponent was close to 2.5, which corresponds to the transformation process with a diffusion-controlled type at nearly constant nucleation rate. The activation energy of crystallization for the alloy in the isothermal annealing process calculated using an Arrhenius plot was 345 kJ/mol.