• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.79-82
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• 2013

Thyroid cancer is known as its relatively high cure rate after surgical treatment and spinal metastasis of thyroid cancer is extremely rare as the prevalence is only 2-13%. Spinal metastasis is usually asymptomatic and discovered incidentally in most cases. A 66-year-old man was diagnosed as thyroid papillary cancer with spinal metastasis. We treated the patient by surgery, adjuvant radiotheraphy and radioactive iodine therapy. C6 corpectomy was followed for the residual spinal metastasis by the department of neurosurgery. The patient had no functional complication by the surgical process. At 24 months after surgery, there was no sign of recurrence and the patient led social life without any discomfort. We present this case with a review of the related literatures.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.118-119
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• 2024

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.97-102
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• 2013

Objective: The aim of this study was to develop an automated computer-aided diagnostic system for diagnosis of thyroid cancer pattern in fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) microscopic images with high degree of sensitivity and specificity using statistical texture features and a Support Vector Machine classifier (SVM). Materials and Methods: A training set of 40 benign and 40 malignant FNAC images and a testing set of 10 benign and 20 malignant FNAC images were used to perform the diagnosis of thyroid cancer. Initially, segmentation of region of interest (ROI) was performed by region-based morphology segmentation. The developed diagnostic system utilized statistical texture features derived from the segmented images using a Gabor filter bank at various wavelengths and angles. Finally, the SVM was used as a machine learning algorithm to identify benign and malignant states of thyroid nodules. Results: The SVMachieved a diagnostic accuracy of 96.7% with sensitivity and specificity of 95% and 100%, respectively, at a wavelength of 4 and an angle of 45. Conclusion: The results show that the diagnosis of thyroid cancer in FNAC images can be effectively performed using statistical texture information derived with Gabor filters in association with an SVM.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.23 no.12
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• pp.153-161
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• 2018

In this paper, we propose a text-centered approach to identify the research trend of thyroid cancer in Korea. We incorporate statistical analysis, text mining and machine learning techniques with our clinical insights to find connective associations between terminologies and to discover informative clusters of literatures. The incidence of thyroid cancer in Korea increased rapidly in the 2000s, which fueled the debate regarding overdiagnosis, but recently the number of patients undergoing surgery has decreased significantly due to conscious reform efforts from various circles. We analyzed the abstracts and keywords of related research papers from DBpia. It was found that most were case reports in the 1980s, and some papers in the 1990s discussed the early detection of thyroid cancer by mass screening. While many papers focused on different diagnostic techniques and the detection of small cancers in the 2000s, many emphasized more on the quality of life of patients in the 2010s. There was an apparent change in the topics of thyroid cancer research over past decades. The results of this study would serve as a reference guide for current and future research directions.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.17
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• pp.7701-7705
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• 2015

Background: Thyroid hormones (TH) are regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, which plays an important role in cell growth, differentiation, development and other aspects of metabolism. It is believed that an active hypothalamic-pituitary axis increases the susceptibility of thyroid dysfunction during systemic chemotherapy. In order to investigate the relation between thyroid function and chemotherapy the present study was designed to investigate TH in breast cancer patients receiving at least three cycles of chemotherapy. The levels of TH were measured at the baseline and before each cycle of chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: Blood samples for estimation of TH levels were collected from 80 (pre-menopausal-40; post-menopausal-40) breast cancer patients just before they were undergoing - $1^{st}$, $2^{nd}$, $3^{rd}$ and $4^{th}$ cycle of chemotherapy. The serum was separated and $T_3$, $T_4$ and TSH levels were determined by chemiluminescence method. Results: $T_3$ and $T_4$ were found significantly decreased and TSH was found significantly increased after $1^{st}$ (p<0.001), $2^{nd}$ (p<0.0001) and $3^{rd}$ cycle of chemotherapy (p<0.0001). The variation of $T_3$ levels (decreased) and TSH levels (increased) was found more in post-menopausal (p<0.0001) women then in pre-menopausal women after $3^{rd}$ cycle of chemotherapy as compared to baseline (p<0.001). Conclusions: TH were remarkably altered after each cycle of chemotherapy leading to decline in thyroid function of breast cancer patients. Further, the results also indicated that post-menopausal women were more prone towards decline in thyroid function then pre-menopausal women. The present study proposes the monitoring of TH after each cycle of chemotherapy in breast cancer patients.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.17
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• pp.7181-7185
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• 2014

Cyclin D1 is an important positive regulator of the G1/S phase of the cell cycle. We investigated the association between the CCND1 G870A polymorphism and susceptibility to papillary thyroid cancer in Turkish people. This study covered 102 patients with papillary thyroid cancer and 174 healthy controls. CCND1 genotyping was determined by the PCR-RFLP method. We found that the A allele frequency was higher in the cases than in the controls (p=0.042). On stratification analysis, papillary thyroid cancer risk was significantly elevated in individuals older than 45 years with the A allele (OR=1.91, 95% CI, 1.09-3.35, p=0.024) and in females with the A allele (OR=1.73, 95% CI, 1.06-2.84, p=0.029), compared to the G allele. According to the subject age, there was an increased papillary thyroid cancer risk for the individuals older than 45 years with the AA genotype (OR=2.28, 95% CI, 1.02-5.13, p=0.046) compared to the AG+GG combined genotypes. In conclusion, it is suggested that the CCND1 G870A polymorphism may contribute to the susceptibility to papillary thyroid cancer, especially in those who were older subjects ($45{\leq}$ years old) and female, in the Turkish population.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.3477-3482
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• 2016

Background: Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy, and exact causes remain unknown. The role of CYP450 1A1 (CYP1A1) in cancer initiation and progression has been investigated. The aim of this work was to analyze, for the first time, CYP1A1 gene expression and its relationship with several clinicopathological factors in Mexican patients diagnosed with thyroid cancer. Materials and Methods: Real-time PCR analysis was conducted on 32 sets of thyroid tumors and benign pathologies. Expression levels were tested for correlations with clinical and pathological data. All statistical analysis were performed using GraphPad Prism version 3.0 software. Results: We found that female gender was associated with thyroid cancer risk (P<0.05). A positive relationship was identified between CYP1A1 mRNA levels and the presence of chronic disease, alcohol use, tumor size, metastasis and an advanced clinical stage (P<0.05). Conclusions: The results suggest that CYP1A1 gene expression could be used as a marker for thyroid cancer.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.117-122
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• 2006

Background and Objectives : Thyroid carcinoma is the sixth commonest cancer in Korea and the papillary carcinoma is the most common type(88%) of the malignant thyroid tumors. Bulky DNA adducts formed by the carcinogens are repaired by DNA repair process, but failure to repair this DNA damage can cause mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes resulting in tumor formation. The xeroderma pigmentosum group C(XPC) gene is essential for this repair procedure and the XPC-PolyAT(PAT) polymorphisms may alter DNA repair capacity(DRC) and genetic susceptibility to cancer. Subjects and Methods : In a case-control study of 113 Korean patients with pathologically diagnosed thyroid papillary carcinoma and 65 control subjects, we investigated the association between the three XPC-PAT gene polymorphisms and thyroid papillary cancer susceptibility. Results : The frequency of the variant XPC-PAT allele was lower in the cases(0.349) than in the controls (0.423), but the difference was not significant(p=0.140). Using logistic regression adjusting for age and sex, risk for thyroid papillary cancer was not increased in the XPC-PAT-/+ and XPC-PAT+/+ compared to XPCPAT-/-(adjusted overall odds ratio[95% confidence intervals;95%CI]=0.52[0.26-1.03] and 0.62 [0.22-1.75], respectively; trend test, p=0.167). Conclusion : There are no relationship between the XPC-PAT polymorphism and the risk of thyroid papillary carcinoma in Korean population. Based on our results, XPC-PAT polymorphism do not modulate genetic susceptibility to thyroid papillary cancer.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.269-279
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• 2020

Objectives: Previous studies have reported inconsistent findings in the association between dental diagnostic X-ray exposure and thyroid cancer. This study was a meta-analysis of case-control studies evaluating the association between exposure to dental radiation and the thyroid cancer risk. Methods: We searched the PubMed and EMBASE databases to identify studies on dental radiation and thyroid cancer risks that were published up to September 2018. Quality of studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. A fixed-effects model was used to estimate pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using STATA 14.0. Potential publication biases were evaluated using Egger's test and Begg's funnel plot. Results: From the literature search, we included six case-control studies in this meta-analysis. The meta-analysis using the fixed-effects model found that dental X-ray exposure was associated with 2.34 times increased risk for thyroid cancer (OR=2.34, 95% CI=1.79-3.21). There was no heterogeneity in the data (p=0.662, I² =0%). Egger's test showed that there was no publication bias (p=0.532). Conclusions: This meta-analysis confirmed the association of dental X-ray exposure and thyroid cancer risk. The current results underscore the importance of applying safety regulations at dental clinics to protect thyroid glands during dental radiography examinations.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.4980-4984
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• 2011

This study was attempted to identify the effect of thyroid cancer on ultrasonographic intention. Data was surveyed using interview and questionnaires by 205 subjects in a general hospital who was located in Seoul from December 13, 2010 to January 31, 2011. The results were as follows ; First, in the good self-conscious health status, 85.5% of the subjects had an intention for thyroid cancer ultrasonography according health habit was significantly higher than 70.0% of the subjects didn't have an intention for thyroid cancer ultrasonography($X^2$=6.73 p<.01). Secondly, the odds ratio of subjects with a good self-conscious health status was 2.53, had a higher intention to participate in thyroid ultrasonography than subjects with a poor self-conscious health status(95% Cl=1.39-12.7). In conclusion, we need to provide education to subjects in poorer health so that they will also participate in thyroid cancer ultrasonography. Active promotion should also be performed to elevate knowledge about the prevention of thyroid cancer.