• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.156-165
• /
• 2014

This paper is the first investigation on the effect of flow control methods on the part load performance in a spark ignition engine. For comparison of the methods, two control devices, port throttling and masking, were applied to a conventional engine without any design change of the intake port. Steady flow evaluation shows that steady flow rates per unit opening area and swirl ratio are very low compared with the port throttling and saturated from mid-stage valve lift, however, swirl increases slightly as the lift is higher in case of 1/4 masking control. In the part load performance, the effect of simple port throttling on lean misfire limit expansion is limited and insufficient; on the other hand a masking improves the limit considerably without any port modification for increasing swirl. Also the results show that the intake flow control improves the combustion with following two mechanisms: stratification induced by the combination of the flow pattern and the fuel injection timing attribute to ignition ability and the intensified flow ensure fast burn. In addition fuel consumption reduces under the flow controls and the reduction rate is different according to the operation conditions and control methods. At the Stoichiometric and/or low speed and low load the throttling method is more advantageous; however vice versa at lean and high load condition. Finally, the throttling is more efficient for HC reduction than masking, on the other side the NOx emissions increase under the masking and decrease under the port throttling compared with conventional port scheme.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.53 no.8
• /
• pp.2669-2681
• /
• 2021

Valve is widely used in the various industry areas to adjust and control the flow. Cavitation frequently takes place and sometimes is inevitable in various types of valve to cause the erosion damage. Therefore, how to control and minimize the effect of cavitation is still an important topic. This study numerically investigates the cavitating flow in a control valve with a perforated cage. The effects of some parameters on the cavitation are discussed. It also discusses to use the throttling steps to govern the cavitating flow. The results show that the opening degree of valve and the length of downstream divergent connection both influence the cavitation. The increase of the divergent length reinforces the cavitation. And the larger the opening of valve is, the intenser the cavitation is and the more vapor is present. The more throttling steps are helpful to decrease the cavitation.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
• /
• v.13 no.6
• /
• pp.77-83
• /
• 2005

Application of an electric heater is one of attractive methods for active regeneration in DPF systems, but its application has been limited by the capacity of electric power available in vehicles. This study was focused on intake throttling to reduce electrical energy required in the electrical heated DPF system. As results, this study showed the decrease of $30\~50\%$ of intake air mass flow rate and the increase of $20\~60^{\circ}C$ of exhaust gas temperature by the proper control of intake throttling. These intake throttling effects was helpful for regenerable temperature achievement.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.121-130
• /
• 2014

This paper is the second investigation on the effects of intake flow control methods on the part load performance in a spark ignition engine. In the previous work, two control methods, port throttling and masking, were compared with respect to lean misfire limit, fuel consumption and emissions. In this work, the effects of these two methods on EGR characteristics were studied and simultaneously the differences between EGR and lean combustion as a dilution method were investigated. The results show that EGR limit is expanded up to 23% and 3 ~ 5% improvement in the fuel consumption are achieved around 8 ~ 13% rates by the flow controls comparing with 10% limit and 1.5% reduction around 3% rate of non-control case. The masking method is more effective on the limit expansion than throttling as like as lean misfire limit; however there is no substantial difference in fuel consumptions improvement regardless the control methods except high load condition. Also it is observed that there exist critical EGR rates around which the combustion performance and NOx formation change remarkably and these rates generally coincide with optimum rates for the fuel consumption. In addition, dilution with fresh air is much more advantageous than that of the exhaust gas from the view point of dilution limit and fuel consumption, while utilization of the exhaust gas is more effective on NOx reduction in spite of considerably small dilution compared with the use of fresh air. Finally, the improvement of fuel consumption by massive EGR is highly dependent on the EGR limit at which the engine runs stably, therefore the stratified combustion technique might be a best solution for this purpose.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
• /
• 2008.06a
• /
• pp.855-856
• /
• 2008

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.20 no.5
• /
• pp.593-598
• /
• 2022

Recently, data production has seen explosive growth, and the storage systems to store these big data safely and quickly is evolving in various ways. A typical configuration of storage systems is the use of SSDs with fast data processing speed as a RAID group that can maintain reliable data. However, since NAND flash memory, which composes SSD, has the feature that deterioration if writes more than a certain number of times are repeated, can increase the likelihood of simultaneous failure on multiple SSDs in a RAID group. And this can result in serious reliability problems that data cannot be recovered. Thus, in order to solve this problem, we propose a method of throttling IOs so that each SSD within a RAID group leads to a different life-end. The technique proposed in this paper utilizes SMART to control the state of each SSD and the number of IOs allocated according to the data pattern used step by step. In addition, this method has the advantage of preventing large amounts of concurrency defects in RAID because it induces differential lifetime finishes of SSDs.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.93-98
• /
• 2014

In this study, control of oxidizer mass flow rate and verification of control system were performed for hybrid rocket thrust control application. Oxidizer flow control system consists of ball valve and stepping motor where gaseous oxygen was used for oxidizer at feeding pressure of 10, 20 and 30 bar. According to experimental results, the oxidizer mass flow rate showed a relatively linear increment as ball valve open angle increases regardless of feeding pressure. In addition, the level of the oxidizer flow rate was kept almost constant at each sequence of flow control with ball valve during the 20 seconds of operation.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2006.08a
• /
• pp.305-308
• /
• 2006

For controlling micro-flows inside a LOC (lab-on-a-chip) a syringe pump or an electronic device for EOF(electro-osmotic flow) have been used in general. However, these devices are so large and heavy that they are burdensome in the development of a portable micro-TAS (total analysis system). In this study, a new flow control system employing pressure chambers, digital switches and speed controllers was developed. This system could effectively control the micro-scale flows inside a LOC without any mechanical actuators or electronic devices We also checked the feasibility of this new control system by applying it to a LOC of micro-mixer type. Performance tests show that the developed control system has very good performance. Because the flow rate in LOC is controlled easily by throttling the speed controller, the flows in complicate microchannels network can be also controlled precisely.

• Journal of Drive and Control
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.53-66
• /
• 2016

New non-hybrid approaches to improve energy efficiency of construction machineries are reviewed in this paper. Hydraulic systems are classified into four classes according to Backe's classification and commercially promising new technologies are carefully chosen in each class. IMV, 3-Line CPR, Closed Circuit Displacement Control of Differential Cylinder, and Throttle-less Secondary Control are chosen as representative non-hybrid new technologies. Key principle of each technology is explained and representative references which run through each technology are selected. Advantages and weaknesses of each technology are discussed and compared from the view point of construction machinery manufacturers.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
• /
• v.46 no.6
• /
• pp.487-495
• /
• 2018

Experimental analysis of the spray characteristics of the movable sleeve injector, which can simultaneously control the area of the annular gap and the pintle gap, has been studied and a method for controlling the uniform performance over a wide thrust range has been studied. It is confirmed that the design flow rate is not satisfied when the constant pressure difference is set regardless of the opening distance of the sleeve. In order to improve this, the differential pressure in the annular gap and the pintle gap was applied differently according to the opening distance. It was confirmed that the design flow rate was satisfied within the operating range and thrust control was linear from 25% to 100% in linear sleeve area.