• 지질공학
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.57-64
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• 2011

화강암과 안산암질 암맥이 공존하고 있는 붕괴사변을 대상으로 지질에 의한 전단강도의 차이를 반영한 3차원 사면안정해석을 수행하였다. 지질이 서로 다른 두 종류의 파괴면에 대한 전단강도를 파악하기 위하여 흙-암 경계면 직접전단시험을 수행하였고, 또한 상부 풍화토층에 대한 실내토질시험을 실시하였다. 시험결과 풍화토층에 비하여 흙-암 경계면의 전단강도가 낮게 나타났다. 사면내 지질분포의 차이가 안정성해석 결과에 영향을 주는 것을 알아보기 위하여 한계평형법을 이용한 2차원사면안정성 해석을 대표단면에서 실시하였으며, 사면내 분포지질에 따라 입력치를 다르게 할 수 있는 3차원사면안정성해석을 실시하여 2차원안정성해석과 그 결과를 비교하였다. 해석결과에 의하면 안전율이 건기시 0.92와 포화시 0.32로 모두 불안정하게 나타난 2차원해석결과와는 달리 3차원해석결과에서는 건기시에 안전율이 1.26, 포화시에 0.55로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 사면내 지질분포를 고려할 경우 안정성 해석의 결과가 달라질 수 있음을 보여주고 있으며, 우기 직후 붕괴가 일어났던 점을 고려하면 3차원해석결과가 보다 현실적인 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.359-369
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• 2022

산사태에 대한 비탈면 안정해석시, 산지 비탈면의 경사와 지형의 변화가 심한 경우에는 엄밀한 해석으로 안정성을 평가해야 한다. 본 연구에서는 불포화층에서 강우로 인한 침투 현상을 해석하여 간극수압의 변동을 고려한 산사태 안정성 분석을 수행하였다. 비탈면 안정해석 시 실제 산사태가 발생한 지역을 선정하여 3차원 비탈면 안정해석을 수행하였고 무한비탈면 해석결과와 비교하였다. 세밀한 지반정보를 기반하여 3차원 비탈면 안정해석으로 지형에 따라 변동하는 산사태의 발생위치와 규모를 예측할 수 있다고 판단되었다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.97-111
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• 2015

The kinematical approach of limit analysis is used to estimate the three dimensional stability analysis of rock slopes with nonlinear Hoek-Brown criterion under earthquake forces. The generalized tangential technique is introduced, which makes limit analysis apply to rock slope problem possible. This technique formulates the three dimensional stability problem as a classical nonlinear programming problem. A nonlinear programming algorithm is coded to search for the least upper bound solution. To prove the validity of the present approach, static stability factors are compared with the previous solutions, using a linear failure criterion. Three dimensional seismic and static stability factors are calculated for rock slopes. Numerical results of indicate that the factors increase with the ratio of slope width and height, and are presented for practical use in rock engineering.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.947-955
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• 2018

In this study, we propose a three-dimensional simplified slope stability analysis using a hybrid-type penalty method (HPM). In this method, a solid element obtained by the HPM is applied to a column that divides the slope into a lattice. Therefore, it can obtain a safety factor in the same way as simplified methods on the slip surface. Furthermore, it can obtain results (displacement and strain) that cannot be obtained by conventional limit equilibrium methods such as the Hovland method. The continuity condition of displacement between adjacent columns and between elements for each depth is considered to incorporate a penalty function and the relative displacement. For a slip surface between the bottom surface and the boundary condition to express the slip of slope, we introduce a penalty function based on the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion. To compute the state of the slip surface, an r-min method is used in the load incremental method. Using the result of the simple three-dimensional slope stability analysis, we obtain a safety factor that is the same as the conventional method. Furthermore, the movement of the slope was calculated quantitatively and qualitatively because the displacement and strain of each element are obtained.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.181-194
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• 2019

Due to the seepage of groundwater, the resisting force of slopes decreases and the sliding force increases, resulting in significantly reduced slope stability. The instability of most natural slopes is closely related to the influence of groundwater. Therefore, it is important to study slope stability under groundwater seepage conditions. Thus, using a simplified seepage model of groundwater combined with the analysis of stresses on the slip surface, the limit equilibrium (LE) analytical solutions for two- and three-dimensional slope stability under groundwater seepage are deduced in this work. Meanwhile, the general nonlinear Mohr-Coulomb (M-C) strength criterion is adopted to describe the shear failure of a slope. By comparing the results with the traditional LE methods on slope examples, the feasibility of the proposed method is verified. In contrast to traditional LE methods, the proposed method is more suitable for analyzing slope stability under complex conditions. In addition, to facilitate the optimization of drainage design in the slope, stability charts are drawn for slopes with different groundwater tables. Furthermore, the study concluded that: (1) when the hydraulic gradient of groundwater is small, the effect on slope stability is also small for a change in the groundwater table; and (2) compared with a slope without a groundwater table, a slope with a groundwater table has a larger failure range under groundwater seepage.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.71-81
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• 2018

Soils are mostly nonhomogeneous and anisotropic in nature. In this study, nonhomogeneity and anisotropy of soil are taken into consideration by assuming that the cohesion increases with depth linearly and also varies with respect to direction at a particular point. A three-dimensional rotational failure mechanism is adopted, and then a three-dimensional stability analysis of slope is carried out with the failure surface in the shape of a curvilinear cone in virtue of the limit analysis method. A quasistatic approach is used to develop stability charts in nonhomogeneous and anisotropic soils. One can easily read the safety factors from the charts without the need for iterative procedures for safety factors calculation. The charts are of practical importance to prevent a plane failure in excavation slope whether it is physically constrained or not. Then the most suitable location of piles within the reinforced slope in nonhomogeneous and anisotropic soils is explored, as well as the interactions of nonhomogeneous and anisotropic coefficients on pile reinforcement effects. The results indicate that piles are more effective when they are located between the middle and the crest of the slope, and the nonhomogeneous coefficient as well as the anisotropic coefficient will not only influence the most suitable location for piles but also affect the calculated safety factor of existing reinforced slope. In addition, the two coefficients will interact with each other on the effect on slope reinforcement.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.375-384
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• 2022

The variation of the undrained shear strength (c_u) is an important consideration for assessing slope stability in engineering practice. Previous studies focused on the three-dimensional (3D) stability of slopes in normally consolidated clays generally assume the undrained shear strength increases linearly with depth but does not vary in the horizontal direction. To assess the 3D stability of slopes with spatially varying undrained shear strength, the kinematic approach of limit analysis was adopted to obtain the upper bound solution to the stability number based on a modified failure mechanism. Three types failure mechanism: the toe failure, face failure and below-toe failure were considered. A serious of charts was then presented to illustrate the effect of key parameters on the slope stability and failure geometry. It was found that the stability and failure geometry of slopes are significantly influenced by the gradient of c_u in the depth direction. The influence of c_u profile inclination on the slope stability was found to be pronounced when the increasing gradient of c_u in the depth direction is large. Slopes with larger width-to-height ratio B/H are more sensitive to the variation of c_u profile inclination.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.1183-1191
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• 2018

Reliability analysis is generally regarded as the most appropriate method when uncertainties are taken into account in slope designs. With the help of limit analysis, probability evaluation for three-dimensional rock slope stability was conducted based upon the Mote Carlo method. The nonlinear Hoek-Brown failure criterion was employed to reflect the practical strength characteristics of rock mass. A form of stability factor is used to perform reliability analysis for rock slopes. Results show that the variation of strength uncertainties has significant influence on probability of failure for rock slopes, as well as strength constants. It is found that the relationship between probability of failure and mean safety factor is independent of the magnitudes of input parameters but relative to the variability of variables. Due to the phenomenon, curves displaying this relationship can provide guidance for designers to obtain factor of safety according to required failure probability.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.59-76
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• 2016

The non-linear Hoek-Brown failure criterion has been widely accepted and applied to evaluate the stability of rock slopes under plane-strain conditions. This paper presents a kinematic approach of limit analysis to assessing the static and seismic stability of three-dimensional (3D) rock slopes using the generalized Hoek-Brown failure criterion. A tangential technique is employed to obtain the equivalent Mohr-Coulomb strength parameters of rock material from the generalized Hoek-Brown criterion. The least upper bounds to the stability number are obtained in an optimization procedure and presented in the form of graphs and tables for a wide range of parameters. The calculated results demonstrate the influences of 3D geometrical constraint, non-linear strength parameters and seismic acceleration on the stability number and equivalent strength parameters. The presented upper-bound solutions can be used for preliminary assessment on the 3D rock slope stability in design and assessing other solutions from the developing methods in the stability analysis of 3D rock slopes.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.47-52
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• 2015

사면안정분야의 해석과 설계에는 한계평형법(LEM)과 전단강도 감소기법(SSR)이 주로 사용된다. 이 두 방법은 2차원과 3차원 해석을 모두 수행할 수 있지만 많은 연구자들에 의해 전단강도 감소기법이 해석 변수에 대해 더욱 민감하게 반응하고 합리적인 결과를 산출한다고 알려져있다. 그러나 전단강도 감소기법의 모델링의 복잡함과 해석시간의 증가 등의 이유로 현계평형법이 여전히 일반적으로 사용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 FLAC 3D를 사용하여 전단강도 감소기법을 통한 돌출된 암반사면의 3차원 효과에 대해 연구하였다. 수치해석 변수는 사면의 경사, 높이, 지반강도, 사면의 돌출길이이며 연구 결과 사면의 안전율은 암반의 강도보다 사면의 형상에 더 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다.