• 패션비즈니스
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.106-124
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to analyze the three-dimensional (3D) characteristics and reproducibility of the effective expression of North American smocking pleats in the process of making clothes using a 3D virtual clothing system (CLO) and present a method of expression according to the types of North American smocking. In this study, lattice, lozenge, and flower smocking were produced as real smocking and 3D virtual content, and actual muslin properties were measured using a Fabric Kit and reflected using an emulator. The results of this study confirmed that a dense puckered design such as North American smocking could be expressed depending upon the internal line, fold angle, and reinforcement setting for 3D smocking. To partially apply pleats to flat fabrics, it was necessary to set fold lines. The fold line setting could be expressed by designing the internal line in horizontal, vertical, and diagonal directions according to the North American smocking design, and then setting the fold angle for each internal line. By setting fold angles of 0 degrees and 360 degrees according to the folding direction of the set internal line, the fabric was clearly folded and stable pleats were created. This study will contribute to the vitalization of the 3D virtual fashion content industry by analyzing and presenting the optimal expression method of sophisticated and complex pleats generated according to the North American smocking design pattern.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.191-199
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• 2014

Effects of design variables on the performance of a double-inlet centrifugal blower have been analyzed based on the three-dimensional flow analysis. Two design variables, blade inlet and outlet angles, are introduced to enhance a blower performance. General analysis code, ANSYS-CFX13, is employed to analyze internal flow and a blower performance. SST turbulence model is employed to estimate the eddy viscosity. Throughout the shape optimization of an impeller at the design flow condition, the blower efficiency and pressure are successfully increased by 4.7 and 1.02 percent compared to reference one. It is noted that separated flow observed near cut-off region can be reduced by optimal design of blade angles, which results in stable flow pattern in the blade passage and increase of a blower performance. The stable flow at the impeller also makes good effects at the outlet of a volute casing.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.129-141
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• 2021

This study investigated fabrics, washing and cares, design, pattern, subsidiary materials, and sewing methods with a focus on the functional outers using moisture-permeable waterproof fabric as a shell; in addition, each element was analyzed for differences depending on fabric type. The characteristics of 34 outers were investigated through labels, online product introductions, visual inspection, observations from two experts with more than 30 years experience and wear tests. Moisture-permeable waterproof fabrics used for the outer were classified into two types; in addition, the shell of the high-density fabric and the 2 & 3-layer fabrics had different characteristics. Various fabrics, detailed designs, and three-dimensional patterns suitable for each part of the human body were used to improve functionality. In addition, various subsidiary materials and sewing methods were used to form an organic relationship. The same washing and cares, patterns and subsidiary materials were used regardless of fabric type; however, the fabric type influenced the detailed design and sewing. The outers with high-density fabric had a loose fit, short placket, e-banded cuffs, lock-stitch, and lock-stitch+binding. However, the outer with 2 & 3 layer fabric had a slim fit, hood width adjustment, zippered pockets, cuffs with tab, seamless adhesive sewing such as laminating, lock-stitch+ seam-sealing, and welding.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.61-70
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• 1996

In cementless total hip arthroplasty(THA), an initial stability of the femoral component is mandatory to achieve bony inyowth and secondary long term fixation. Primary stability of the femoral component can be obtained by minimizing the magnitude of relative micromotions at bone stem interface. An accurate evaluation of interf'ace micromotion and stress/strain fields in the bone-implant system may be relevant for better understanding of clinical situations and improving THA design. Recently finite element method(FEM) was introduced in'orthopaedic research field due to its unique capacity to evaluate stress in structure of complex shape, loading and material behavior. The authors developed the 3-dimensional finite element model of proximal femur with $Multilock^{TM}$ stem of 1179 blick elements to analyse the micromotions and mechanical behaviors at the bone-stem inteface in early post-operative period for the load simulating single leg stance. The results indicates that the values of relative motion for this well fit stem were $150{\mu}m$ in maximum $82{\mu}m$ in minimum and the largest relative motion was developed in medial region of Proximal femur and in anterior-posterior direction. The motion in the proximal bone was much greater than in the distal bone and the stress pattern showed high stress concentration on the cortex near the tip of the stem. These findings indicate that the loading on the hip joint in the early postoperative situation before achieving bony ingrowth could produce large micromotion of $150{\mu}m$ and clinicaly non-cemented THA patient should not be allowed weight bearing strictly early in the postoperative period.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.2388-2398
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• 2017

In this study, we propose a robust face recognition system to pose variations based on automatic pose estimation. Radial basis function neural network is applied as one of the functional components of the overall face recognition system. The proposed system consists of preprocessing and recognition modules to provide a solution to pose variation and high-dimensional pattern recognition problems. In the preprocessing part, principal component analysis (PCA) and 2-dimensional 2-directional PCA ($(2D)^2$ PCA) are applied. These functional modules are useful in reducing dimensionality of the feature space. The proposed RBFNNs architecture consists of three functional modules such as condition, conclusion and inference phase realized in terms of fuzzy "if-then" rules. In the condition phase of fuzzy rules, the input space is partitioned with the use of fuzzy clustering realized by the Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) algorithm. In conclusion phase of rules, the connections (weights) are realized through four types of polynomials such as constant, linear, quadratic and modified quadratic. The coefficients of the RBFNNs model are obtained by fuzzy inference method constituting the inference phase of fuzzy rules. The essential design parameters (such as the number of nodes, and fuzzification coefficient) of the networks are optimized with the aid of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). Experimental results completed on standard face database -Honda/UCSD, Cambridge Head pose, and IC&CI databases demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of face recognition system compared with other studies.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2017

Recent development in virtual and augmented reality increases the demand for content in many different fields. One of the fast ways to create content for VR is 3D modeling of real objects. In this paper we propose a system to reconstruct three-dimensional models of real objects from the set of two-dimensional images under the assumption that the subject does not has distinct features. We explicitly consider an object that is made of one or more surfaces and radiant constant energy isotropically. We design a low cost portable multi camera rig system that is capable of capturing images simultaneously from all cameras. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed system, comparison is made between 3D model and a CAD model. A simple algorithm is also proposed to acquire original texture or color of the subject. Using best pattern found after the experiments, 3D model of the Pyeongchang Olympic Mascot "Soohorang" is created to use as VR content.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회논문집B
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• pp.819-824
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• 2000

The flow inside an axial turbomachinery must be unsteady. Rotor-stator interaction by two blade rows influences performance, the generation of noise and vibration. So, it will be necessary to study the rotor-stator interaction for the design of an axial fan in which the axial gap between two blade rows is small. In this study, rotor-stator interaction is investigated by experimental methods. The research fan has one stage which consists of 24 rotor blades and 22 stator blades. Three-dimensional velocities measured using $45^{\circ}$ slanted hot wire probe and total pressure is measured using Kiel total pressure probe between rotor and stator with the axial 25%, 55%, 145% of chord length,. This study describes the influence of rotor-stator gap on the flow pattern, performance and loss. The efficiency curve show that the change of the rotor-stator gap make difference in the efficiency. And, the 3-dimensional velocity distribution show that the potential interaction between the rotor and the stator have a great effect on the flow field downstream of rotor, where there are wake flow. various vortices in hub region and leakage vortex in casing region etc.

• 대한조선학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.9-17
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• 1984

Laminar and turbulent boundary layers on a rotating sector and a helical blade are calculated by differential method. The estimation of three dimensional viscous flows provide quite useful informations for the design of propellers and turbo-machinery. A general method of calculation is presented in this paper. Calculated laminar boundary layer on a sector shows smooth development of flows from Blasius' solution at the leading edge to von Karman's solution of a rotating disk at the down-stream. Eddy viscosity model is adopted for the calculation of turbulent flows. Turbulent flows on a rotating blade show similar characters as laminar flows. But cross-flow angle of turbulent flows are reduced in comparison with laminar boundary layers. Effects of rotation make flow structures significantly different from two-dimensional flows. In the range of Reynolds number of model scale propellers, large portion of the blade are still in the transition region from laminar to turbulent flows. Therefore viscous flow pattern might be quite different on the blade of model propeller. The present method of calculation is to be useful for the research of scale effects, cavitation, and roughness effects of propeller blades.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.331-340
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• 2019

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study is to assess the accuracy of three intraoral scanners along the complete dental arch and evaluate the feasibility of the assessment methodology for further in vivo analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A specific measurement pattern was fabricated and measured using a coordinate measuring machine for the assessment of control distances and angles. Afterwards, the pattern was placed and fixed in replica of an upper jaw for their subsequent scans (10 times) using 3 intraoral scanners, namely iTero Element1, Trios 3, and True Definition. 4 reference distances and 5 angles were measured and compared with the controls. Trueness and precision were assessed for each IOS: trueness, as the deviation of the measures from the control ones, while precision, as the dispersion of measurements in each reference parameter. These measurements were carried out using software for analyzing 3-dimensional data. Data analysis software was used for statistical and measurements analysis (α=.05). RESULTS. Significant differences (P<.05) were found depending on the intraoral scanner used. Best trueness values were achieved with iTero Element1 (mean from 10 ± 7 ㎛ to 91 ± 63 ㎛) while the worst values were obtained with Trios3 (mean from 42 ± 23 ㎛ to 174 ± 77 ㎛). Trueness analysis in angle measurements, as well as precision analysis, did not show conclusive results. CONCLUSION. iTero Element1 was more accurate than the current versions of Trios3 and True Definition. Importantly, the proposed methodology is considered reliable for analyzing accuracy in any dental arch length and valid for assessing both trueness and precision in an in vivo study.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.384-389
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• 2021

네트워크 기반 무인기 제어통신 시스템을 위한 복잡도와 성능을 고려한 지상국 최적 안테나 패턴 설계 방식을 제시하였다. 다수개의 측면 섹터와 한 개의 상향 섹터로 구성되는 지상국 안테나의 섹터 수, 수평/수직 빔폭, 틸팅각도 등 안테나 설계 파라미터의 변화에 따른 수직/수평 각도 별 안테나 이득을 모델링하고, 가상의 3차원 공간 내에서 각 파라미터의 변화가 신호 대 잡음 비 (SNR : signal to noise ratio) 분포에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 다양한 파라미터 중 측면 섹터의 틸팅 각도가 성능에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는데, 지상국 간 거리가 길수록, 최고 고도가 높을수록, 측면 섹터 수가 작을수록 틸팅 각도를 낮춰야 함을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 최저 SNR 최대화 측면에서는 측면 섹터 수직 빔폭을 늘리는 것이 유리하지만 평균 SNR 측면에서는 수직 빔폭을 줄이는 것이 유리함을 확인하였다.