• 한국의류학회지
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.930-940
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• 2019

This study analyzes the facial data required for sheet design in order to pursue the facial compatibility of disposable sheets used in facial mask products that are increasing in popularity as self-care methods. The subjects of the study were 23 facial measurements of 1,001 women in their 20s to 60s from Size Korea's 6th 3D data. Through factor analysis, sheet-related facial measurements were collected into six factors included in the vertical length of each part of the face: length of face surface from the ear to each part of the face, width of eyes, nose, lips, length of nose, vertical length of lower face, width of the head and width of chin. Three sheet face types were classified using six factor scores as variables, and the characteristics of each type differed according to age group. As a result of the discriminant analysis to identify the dimension items that classify the three cluster types, 12 contributing items were extracted out of 23 items. This study provides useful information and data for further studies of products requiring facial fitness.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.494-506
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• 1995

Test castings in plate, disc, and cubic shaped castings for 0.2wt.% carbon and stainless steel have been poured to examine the effects of the riser dimensions including riser neck on the casting soundness. Three empirical methods were chosen in risering of steel castings. A computer program of solidification analysis considering liquid and solidification contraction was developed to apply for riserdesign calculated by using their methods in plate, disc, and cubic shaped castings, and to calculate the position and dimension of shrinkage cavity in complex shaped casting. The potential of present method has been successfully demonstrated by comparing predicted cavity shapes with those obtained in a series of experimental castings. Three empirical methods can be used in a practical way to make a rapid estimation of tie minimum riser diameter, but they can not provide a criterion of casting soundness with shape and material on all occasions. The shape and position of shrinkage cavity can be successfully predicted both using the present method and using risering calculated by their methods regardless of the shape and cast material.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.19-30
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• 2011

This study examined apartment residents' energy-lifestyle, and their energy consumption patterns by energy-lifestyle. The major findings are as follow: 1)In order to identify energy lifestyle, three dimensions - value of life, energy consuming behavior and energy awareness - were defined by literature reviews, and each dimension was tested to define components. 2)The scores of the 14 factors that were defined by factor analysis on the three dimensions of the energy lifestyle were subject to cluster analysis, and then lifestyle was categorized into five groups. G1 is very negative, and indifferent to energy waste or saving at home. G2 is passively carrying out energy saving activities at home, only within their comfort. G3 is aware of energy saving, and more actively keeping energy saving behavior in their everyday lives, while they also show energy waste behavior at the same time. G4 is particularly indifferent to energy costs, and presenting energy squandering behaviors. G5 is better aware of energy saving than other groups, and carrying out energy saving behaviors in their everyday lives. This study would be of help to establish energy saving management and education plans in apartments.

• KIEE International Transactions on Electrophysics and Applications
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• 제3C권5호
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• pp.182-188
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• 2003

We have demonstrated a fluidic technique for self-assembly of microfabricated parts onto substrate using patterned shapes of magnetic force self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). The metal particles and the array were fabricated using the micromachining technique. The metal particles were in a multilayer structure (Au, Ti, and Ni). Sidewalls of patterned Ni dots on the array were covered by thick negative photoresist (SU-8), and the array was magnetized. The array and the particles were mixed in buffer solution, and were arranged by magnetic force interaction. Binding direction of the metal particle onto Ni dots was controlled by multilayer structure and direction of magnetization. A quarter of total Ni dots were covered by the particles. The binding direction of the particles was controllable, and condition of particles was almost even with the Au surface on top. The particles were successfully arranged on the array.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제41권10호
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• pp.1347-1360
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• 2009

A multi-dimensional component for the thermal-hydraulic system analysis code, MARS, was developed for a more realistic three-dimensional analysis of nuclear systems. A three-dimensional and two-fluid model for a two-phase flow in Cartesian and cylindrical coordinates was employed. The governing equations and physical constitutive relationships were extended from those of a one-dimensional version. The numerical solution method adopted a semi-implicit and finite-difference method based on a staggered-grid mesh and a donor-cell scheme. The relevant length scale was very coarse compared to commercial computational fluid dynamics tools. Thus a simple Prandtl's mixing length turbulence model was applied to interpret the turbulent induced momentum and energy diffusivity. Non drag interfacial forces were not considered as in the general nuclear system codes. Several conceptual cases with analytic solutions were chosen and analyzed to assess the fundamental terms. RPI air-water and UPTF 7 tests were simulated and compared to the experimental data. The simulation results for the RPI air-water two-phase flow experiment showed good agreement with the measured void fraction. The simulation results for the UPTF downcomer test 7 were compared to the experiment data and the results from other multi-dimensional system codes for the ECC delivery flow.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.65-73
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• 2006

The aim of this study was to find out the differences of Kinematics factors from touching down the vaulting board to landing when techniques of 1/1Turn and Tucked were performed on the old vaulting horse and on the new vaulting table. Three national representative men gymnasts were sampled for this study. Three dimension motion analyses by means of six Sony PD-150 video cameras with the velocity of 60 fps were used As a result of analyzing the kinematic data from two kind of vaulting table, the following conclusions were made. 1. The performing time from taking off the vaulting horse to landing(phase 4) in the 1/1 Turn technique on the new vaulting table was significantly longer than that of the old vaulting horse, while the time from contacting to taking off the vaulting horse on the new vaulting table was shorter than that of the old vaulting horse in both and the Tucked techniques. 2. The vertical release COG velocity was faster on the new vaulting table compare to the old vaulting horse in the all kind technique. However the horizontal release COG velocity of the 1/1 Turn technique was faster a little in the old vaulting horse compare to the new vaulting table.

• 대한조선학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.19-30
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• 1988

Sectional added masses of an elastic beam vibrating vertically on the free surface in higher harmonic modes are evaluated. Hydrodynamic interactions between neighboring sections, which strip theory ignores, are considered for modal wave lengths of the order of magnitude of cross-sectional dimensions of the body. An approximate solution of modified Helmholtz equation which becomes a singular perturbation problem at small wave lengths is secured to get an analytic expression for added masses attending higher harmonic modes. As a bound of the present theory, the modified Helmholtz equation is solved for the long flat plate vibrating at high frequency on the water surface without any limitations on modal frequency. Finally, extensive series of numerical calculations are carried out for ship-like forms. It is found that when modal wave length is comparable to or shorter than a typical cross-sectional dimension of a body, sectional interaction effects are large which result in considerable reductions in added masses. For a fuller section, the ratio of added mass reduction is greater. In the limit of vanishing sectional area, the added masses approach to that of flat plate of equal beam. It is shown that the added mass distribution for a Legendre modal from can be determined form the present theory and that the results agree with the extensive three-dimensional determination of Vorus and Hilarides.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제39권
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• pp.33.1-33.10
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• 2017

Dental implants are a common treatment for the loss of teeth. This paper summarizes current knowledge on implant surfaces, immediate loading versus conventional loading, short implants, sinus lifting, and custom implants using three-dimensional printing. Most of the implant surface modifications showed good osseointegration results. Regarding biomolecular coatings, which have been recently developed and studied, good results were observed in animal experiments. Immediate loading had similar clinical outcomes compared to conventional loading and can be used as a successful treatment because it has the advantage of reducing treatment times and providing early function and aesthetics. Short implants showed similar clinical outcomes compared to standard implants. A variety of sinus augmentation techniques, grafting materials, and alternative techniques, such as tilted implants, zygomatic implants, and short implants, can be used. With the development of new technologies in three-dimension and computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) customized implants can be used as an alternative to conventional implant designs. However, there are limitations due to the lack of long-term studies or clinical studies. A long-term clinical trial and a more predictive study are needed.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제29호
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• pp.273-280
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• 2001

In architecture, each project participant must maintain organic relationship with others. However, current practices are rather procedural and discrete than organic, which result in considerable inefficiencies. The cool-downs of Korean construction market also force the architects to be familiar with the new construction methods and systems. This research mainly focuses on the pre-development stage of such systems, analysing relationships between the information of architectural design and other parts of construction information like structure, construction, environment, and so forth. The result of analysis can be organized into attributes of members in a physical building, which can be modeled in a 3D system. The resulting model can be used for automated generation of drawing, Bill of Materials, finite element meshes for structural analysis and energy analysis, etc. by extracting meaningful information from it. Hence, the purpose of this research is to analysis the relationship among domain-specific information (e.g. structural engineering, construction detail, energy evaluation) that are represented in drawings, and to represent the attributes of the information relevantly so that they can be applied to each unit task that forms the whole project. Therefore, an object oriented methodology is introduced to compose design informations in three dimension, and expressing properties of building factors and materials, and to construct a database for computers to recognize architecture informations.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.2004-2010
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• 2018

We propose a small active antenna to receive Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals, i.e., Global Positioning System (GPS) L1 (1,575MHz) and Russian Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) L1 (1,600 MHz) signals. A two-stage low-noise amplifier (LNA) with more than 27 dB gain is implemented in the bottom layer of a three-layer antenna package. In addition, a hybrid coupler is used to combine signals from pair of proximately coupled orthogonal feeds with $90^{\circ}$ phase difference to achieve the circular polarization (CP) characteristic. Three layers of high permittivity (${\varepsilon}_r=10$) substrates are stacked and effectively integrated to have a small dimension of $64mm{\times}64mm{\times}7.42mm$ (including both circuit and antenna). The reflection coefficient of the fabricated antenna at the target frequency is below -10 dB, the measured antenna gain is above 26 dBic and the measured noise figure is less than 1.4 dB.