DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Recent advances in dental implants

  • Hong, Do Gia Khang (Department of Oral and MaxilloFacial Surgery, Dental Hospital, Gangneung-Wonju National University) ;
  • Oh, Ji-hyeon (Department of Oral and MaxilloFacial Surgery, Dental Hospital, Gangneung-Wonju National University)
  • Received : 2017.08.15
  • Accepted : 2017.09.25
  • Published : 2017.12.31

Abstract

Dental implants are a common treatment for the loss of teeth. This paper summarizes current knowledge on implant surfaces, immediate loading versus conventional loading, short implants, sinus lifting, and custom implants using three-dimensional printing. Most of the implant surface modifications showed good osseointegration results. Regarding biomolecular coatings, which have been recently developed and studied, good results were observed in animal experiments. Immediate loading had similar clinical outcomes compared to conventional loading and can be used as a successful treatment because it has the advantage of reducing treatment times and providing early function and aesthetics. Short implants showed similar clinical outcomes compared to standard implants. A variety of sinus augmentation techniques, grafting materials, and alternative techniques, such as tilted implants, zygomatic implants, and short implants, can be used. With the development of new technologies in three-dimension and computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) customized implants can be used as an alternative to conventional implant designs. However, there are limitations due to the lack of long-term studies or clinical studies. A long-term clinical trial and a more predictive study are needed.

Keywords

References

  1. Zohrabian VM, Sonick M, Hwang D, Abrahams JJ (2015) Dental implants. Semin Ultrasound CT MR 36:415-426 https://doi.org/10.1053/j.sult.2015.09.002
  2. Jenny G, Jauernik J, Bierbaum S, Bigler M, Gratz KW, Rucker M, Stadlinger B (2016) A systematic review and meta-analysis on the influence of biological implant surface coatings on periimplant bone formation. J Biomed Mater Res A 104:2898-2910 https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.35805
  3. Shemtov-Yona K, Rittel D (2015) An overview of the mechanical integrity of dental implants. Biomed Res Int 2015:547384
  4. Smeets R, Stadlinger B, Schwarz F, Beck-Broichsitter B, Jung O, Precht C, Kloss F, Grobe A, Heiland M, Ebker T (2016) Impact of dental implant surface modifications on osseointegration. Biomed Res Int 2016:6285620
  5. Jemat A, Ghazali MJ, Razali M, Otsuka Y (2015) Surface modifications and their effects on titanium dental implants. Biomed Res Int 2015:791725
  6. von Wilmowsky C, Moest T, Nkenke E, Stelzle F, Schlegel KA (2014) Implants in bone: part I. A current overview about tissue response, surface modifications and future perspectives. Oral Maxillofac Surg 18:243-257 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10006-013-0398-1
  7. Barfeie A, Wilson J, Rees J (2015) Implant surface characteristics and their effect on osseointegration. Br Dent J 218:E9 https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.2015.171
  8. Li LH, Kong YM, Kim HW, Kim YW, Kim HE, Heo SJ, Koak JY (2004) Improved biological performance of Ti implants due to surface modification by microarc oxidation. Biomaterials 25:2867-2875 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2003.09.048
  9. Lee JW, An JH, Park SH, Chong JH, Kim GS, Han J, Jung S, Kook MS, Oh HK, Ryu SY, Park HJ (2016) Retrospective clinical study of an implant with a sandblasted, large-grit, acid-etched surface and internal connection: analysis of short-term success rate and marginal bone loss. Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg 38:42 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40902-016-0089-6
  10. Rungcharassaeng K, Lozada JL, Kan JY, Kim JS, Campagni WV, Munoz CA (2002) Peri-implant tissue response of immediately loaded, threaded, HAcoated implants: 1-year results. J Prosthet Dent 87:173-181 https://doi.org/10.1067/mpr.2002.121111
  11. Jungner M, Lundqvist P, Lundgren S (2005) Oxidized titanium implants (Nobel Biocare TiUnite) compared with turned titanium implants (Nobel Biocare mark III) with respect to implant failure in a group of consecutive patients treated with early functional loading and two-stage protocol. Clin Oral Implants Res 16:308-312 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0501.2005.01101.x
  12. Buser D, Janner SF, Wittneben JG, Bragger U, Ramseier CA, Salvi GE (2012) 10-year survival and success rates of 511 titanium implants with a sandblasted and acid-etched surface: a retrospective study in 303 partially edentulous patients. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 14:839-851 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1708-8208.2012.00456.x
  13. van Velzen FJ, Ofec R, Schulten EA, Ten Bruggenkate CM (2015) 10-year survival rate and the incidence of peri-implant disease of 374 titanium dental implants with a SLA surface: a prospective cohort study in 177 fully and partially edentulous patients. Clin Oral Implants Res 26:1121-1128 https://doi.org/10.1111/clr.12499
  14. Chappuis V, Buser R, Bragger U, Bornstein MM, Salvi GE, Buser D (2013) Long-term outcomes of dental implants with a titanium plasma-sprayed surface: a 20-year prospective case series study in partially edentulous patients. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 15:780-790 https://doi.org/10.1111/cid.12056
  15. Degidi M, Nardi D, Piattelli A (2012) 10-year follow-up of immediately loaded implants with TiUnite porous anodized surface. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 14:828-838 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1708-8208.2012.00446.x
  16. Mozzati M, Gallesio G, Del Fabbro M (2015) Long-term (9-12 years) outcomes of titanium implants with an oxidized surface: a retrospective investigation on 209 implants. J Oral Implantol 41:437-443 https://doi.org/10.1563/AAID-JOI-D-13-00211
  17. Pozzi A, Mura P (2014) Clinical and radiologic experience with moderately rough oxidized titanium implants: up to 10 years of retrospective follow-up. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 29:152-161 https://doi.org/10.11607/jomi.3306
  18. Binahmed A, Stoykewych A, Hussain A, Love B, Pruthi V (2007) Long-term follow-up of hydroxyapatite-coated dental implants-a clinical trial. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 22:963-968
  19. Lee JJ, Rouhfar L, Beirne OR (2000) Survival of hydroxyapatite-coated implants: a meta-analytic review. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 58:1372-1379 https://doi.org/10.1053/joms.2000.18269
  20. Buser D, Schenk RK, Steinemann S, Fiorellini JP, Fox CH, Stich H (1991) Influence of surface characteristics on bone integration of titanium implants. A histomorphometric study in miniature pigs. J Biomed Mater Res 25:889-902 https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820250708
  21. Calvo-Guirado JL, Satorres-Nieto M, Aguilar-Salvatierra A, Delgado-Ruiz RA, Mate-Sanches de Val JE, Gargallo-Albiol J, Gomez-Moreno G, Romanos GE (2015) Influence of surface treatment on osseointegration of dental implants: histological, histomorphometric and radiological analysis in vivo. Clin Oral Investig 19:509-517 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-014-1241-2
  22. Meng HW, Chien EY, Chien HH (2016) Dental implant bioactive surface modifications and their effects on osseointegration: a review. Biomark Res 4:24 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40364-016-0078-z
  23. Branemark PI, Adell R, Albrektsson T, Lekholm U, Lundkvist S, Rockler B (1983) Osseointegrated titanium fixtures in the treatment of edentulousness. Biomaterials 4:25-28 https://doi.org/10.1016/0142-9612(83)90065-0
  24. Roberts WE, Smith RK, Zilberman Y, Mozsary PG, Smith RS (1984) Osseous adaptation to continuous loading of rigid endosseous implants. Am J Orthod 86:95-111 https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9416(84)90301-4
  25. Jokstad A (ed) (2009) Osseointegration and dental implants. Wiley-Blackwell, Ames
  26. Szmukler-Moncler S, Piattelli A, Favero GA, Dubruille JH (2000) Considerations preliminary to the application of early and immediate loading protocols in dental implantology. Clin Oral Implants Res 11:12-25 https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0501.2000.011001012.x
  27. Becker W, Becker BE, Israelson H, Lucchini JP, Handelsman M, Ammons W, Rosenberg E, Rose L, Tucker LM, Lekholm U (1997) One-step surgical placement of Branemark implants: a prospective multicenter clinical study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 12:454-462
  28. Sanz M, Ivanoff CJ, Weingart D, Wiltfang J, Gahlert M, Cordaro L, Ganeles J, Bragger U, Jackowski J, Martin WC, Jung RE, Chen S, Hammerle C (2015) Clinical and radiologic outcomes after submerged and transmucosal implant placement with two-piece implants in the anterior maxilla and mandible: 3-year results of a randomized controlled clinical trial. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 17:234-246 https://doi.org/10.1111/cid.12107
  29. Goiato MC, Bannwart LC, Pesqueira AA, Santos DM, Haddad MF, Santos MR, Castilho PU (2014) Immediate loading of overdentures: systematic review. Oral Maxillofac Surg 18:259-264
  30. Emami E, Cerutti-Kopplin D, Menassa M, Audy N, Kodama N, Durand R, Rompre P, de Grandmont P (2016) Does immediate loading affect clinical and patient-centered outcomes of mandibular 2-unsplinted-implant overdenture? A 2-year within-case analysis. J Dent 50:30-36 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2016.04.009
  31. Penarrocha M, Boronat A, Garcia B (2009) Immediate loading of immediate mandibular implants with a full-arch fixed prosthesis: a preliminary study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 67:1286-1293 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2008.12.024
  32. Busenlechner D, Mailath-Pokorny G, Haas R, Furhauser R, Eder C, Pommer B, Watzek G (2016) Graftless full-arch implant rehabilitation with interantral implants and immediate or delayed loading-part I: reconstruction of the edentulous maxilla. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 31:900-905 https://doi.org/10.11607/jomi.4325
  33. Busenlechner D, Mailath-Pokorny G, Haas R, Furhauser R, Eder C, Pommer B, Watzek G (2016) Graftless full-arch implant rehabilitation with interantral implants and immediate or delayed loading-part II: transition from the failing maxillary dentition. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 31:1150-1155
  34. Sanz-Sanchez I, Sanz-Martin I, Figuero E, Sanz M (2015) Clinical efficacy of immediate implant loading protocols compared to conventional loading depending on the type of the restoration: a systematic review. Clin Oral Implants Res 26:964-982 https://doi.org/10.1111/clr.12428
  35. Zhang S, Wang S, Song Y (2017) Immediate loading for implant restoration compared with early or conventional loading: a meta-analysis. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 45:793-803 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcms.2016.05.002
  36. Capelli M, Esposito M, Zuffetti F, Galli F, Del Fabbro M, Testroi T (2010) A 5-year report from a multicentre randomised clinical trial: immediate nonocclusal versus early loading of dental implants in partially edentulous patients. Eur J Oral Implantol 3:209-219
  37. Chidagam P, Gande VC, Yadlapalli S, Venkata RY, Kondaka S, Chedalawada S (2017) Immediate versus delayed loading of implant for replacement of missing mandibular first molar: a randomized prospective six years clinical study. J Clin Diagn Res 11:ZC35-ZZC9
  38. Yildiz P, Zortuk M, Kilic E, Dincel M, Albayrak H (2016) Clinical outcomes after immediate and late implant loading for a single missing tooth in the anterior maxilla. Implant Dent 25:504-509 https://doi.org/10.1097/ID.0000000000000397
  39. Jokstad A, Alkumru H (2014) Immediate function on the day of surgery compared with a delayed implant loading process in the mandible: a randomized clinical trial over 5 years. Clin Oral Implants Res 25:1325-1335 https://doi.org/10.1111/clr.12279
  40. Penarrocha-Oltra D, Penarrocha-Diago M, Aloy-Prosper A, Covani U, Penarrocha M (2015) Immediate versus conventional loading of completearch implant-supported prostheses in mandibles with failing dentition: a patient-centered controlled prospective study. Int J Prosthodont 28:499-508 https://doi.org/10.11607/ijp.3951
  41. Mundt T, Passia N, Att W, Heydecke G, Freitag-Wolf S, Luthardt RG, Kappel S, Konstantinidis IK, Stiesch M, Wolfart S, Kern M (2017) Pain and discomfort following immediate and delayed loading by overdentures in the single mandibular implant study (SMIS). Clin Oral Investig 21:635-642 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-016-1930-0
  42. Jain N, Gulati M, Garg M, Pathak C (2016) Short implants: new horizon in implant dentistry. J Clin Diagn Res 10:ZE14-ZZE7
  43. Lemos CA, Ferro-Alves ML, Okamoto R, Mendonca MR, Pellizzer EP (2016) Short dental implants versus standard dental implants placed in the posterior jaws: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dent 47:8-17 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2016.01.005
  44. Esposito M, Grusovin MG, Felice P, Karatzopoulos G, Worthington HV, Coulthard P (2009) Interventions for replacing missing teeth: horizontal and vertical bone augmentation techniques for dental implant treatment. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003607.pub4
  45. Esposito M, Felice P, Worthington HV (2014) Interventions for replacing missing teeth: augmentation procedures of the maxillary sinus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD008397.pub2
  46. Al-Hashedi AA, Taiyeb Ali TB, Yunus N (2014) Short dental implants: an emerging concept in implant treatment. Quintessence Int 45:499-514
  47. Tutak M, Smektala T, Schneider K, Golebiewska E, Sporniak-Tutak K (2013) Short dental implants in reduced alveolar bone height: a review of the literature. Med Sci Monit 19:1037-1042 https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.889665
  48. Queiroz TP, Aguiar SC, Margonar R, de Souza Faloni AP, Gruber R, Luvizuto ER (2015) Clinical study on survival rate of short implants placed in the posterior mandibular region: resonance frequency analysis. Clin Oral Implants Res 26:1036-1042 https://doi.org/10.1111/clr.12394
  49. Felice P, Soardi E, Pellegrino G, Pistilli R, Marchetti C, Gessaroli M, Esposito M (2011) Treatment of the atrophic edentulous maxilla: short implants versus bone augmentation for placing longer implants. Five-month post-loading results of a pilot randomised controlled trial. Eur J Oral Implantol 4:191-202
  50. Feldman S, Boitel N, Weng D, Kohles SS, Stach RM (2004) Five-year survival distributions of short-length (10 mm or less) machined-surfaced and osseotite implants. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 6:16-23 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1708-8208.2004.tb00023.x
  51. Mezzomo LA, Miller R, Triches D, Alonso F, Shinkai RS (2014) Meta-analysis of single crowns supported by short (<10 mm) implants in the posterior region. J Clin Periodontol 41:191-213 https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12180
  52. Renouard F, Nisand D (2006) Impact of implant length and diameter on survival rates. Clin Oral Implants Res 17(Suppl 2):35-51 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0501.2006.01349.x
  53. Lee SA, Lee CT, Fu MM, Elmisalati W, Chuang SK (2014) Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials for the management of limited vertical height in the posterior region: short implants (5 to 8 mm) vs longer implants (> 8 mm) in vertically augmented sites. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 29:1085-1097 https://doi.org/10.11607/jomi.3504
  54. Pohl V, Thoma DS, Sporniak-Tutak K, Garcia-Garcia A, Taylor TD, Haas R, Hammerle CH (2017) Short dental implants (6 mm) versus long dental implants (11-15 mm) in combination with sinus floor elevation procedures: 3-year results from a multicentre, randomized, controlled clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol 44:438-445 https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12694
  55. Srinivasan M, Vazquez L, Rieder P, Moraguez O, Bernard JP, Belser UC (2012) Efficacy and predictability of short dental implants (< 8 mm): a critical appraisal of the recent literature. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 27:1429-1437
  56. Rossi F, Lang NP, Ricci E, Ferraioli L, Marchetti C, Botticelli D (2015) Early loading of 6-mm-short implants with a moderately rough surface supporting single crowns-a prospective 5-year cohort study. Clin Oral Implants Res 26:471-477 https://doi.org/10.1111/clr.12409
  57. Rossi F, Botticelli D, Cesaretti G, De Santis E, Storelli S, Lang NP (2016) Use of short implants (6 mm) in a single-tooth replacement: a 5-year follow-up prospective randomized controlled multicenter clinical study. Clin Oral Implants Res 27:458-464
  58. Felice P, Checchi L, Barausse C, Pistilli R, Sammartino G, Masi I, Ippolito DR, Esposito M (2016) Posterior jaws rehabilitated with partial prostheses supported by 4.0 $\times$ 4.0 mm or by longer implants: One-year post-loading results from a multicenter randomised controlled trial. Eur J Oral Implantol 9:35-45
  59. Romeo E, Storelli S, Casano G, Scanferla M, Botticelli D (2014) Six-mm versus 10-mm long implants in the rehabilitation of posterior edentulous jaws: a 5- year follow-up of a randomised controlled trial. Eur J Oral Implantol 7:371-381
  60. Pistilli R, Felice P, Cannizzaro G, Piatelli M, Corvino V, Barausse C, Buti J, Soardi E, Esposito M (2013) Posterior atrophic jaws rehabilitated with prostheses supported by 6 mm long 4 mm wide implants or by longer implants in augmented bone. One-year post-loading results from a pilot randomised controlled trial. Eur J Oral Implantol 6:359-372
  61. Pistilli R, Felice P, Piattelli M, Gessaroli M, Soardi E, Barausse C, Buti J, Corvino V (2013) Posterior atrophic jaws rehabilitated with prostheses supported by 5 $\times$ 5 mm implants with a novel nanostructured calcium-incorporated titanium surface or by longer implants in augmented bone. One-year results from a randomised controlled trial. Eur J Oral Implantol 6:343-357
  62. Gulje F, Abrahamsson I, Chen S, Stanford C, Zadeh H, Palmer R (2013) Implants of 6 mm vs. 11 mm lengths in the posterior maxilla and mandible: a 1-year multicenter randomized controlled trial. Clin Oral Implants Res 24:1325-1331 https://doi.org/10.1111/clr.12001
  63. Esposito M, Pistilli R, Barausse C, Felice P (2014) Three-year results from a randomised controlled trial comparing prostheses supported by 5-mm long implants or by longer implants in augmented bone in posterior atrophic edentulous jaws. Eur J Oral Implantol 7:383-395
  64. Felice P, Cannizzaro G, Barausse C, Pistilli R, Esposito M (2014) Short implants versus longer implants in vertically augmented posterior mandibles: a randomised controlled trial with 5-year after loading follow-up. Eur J Oral Implantol 7:359-369
  65. Lai HC, Si MS, Zhuang LF, Shen H, Liu YL, Wismeijer D (2013) Long-term outcomes of short dental implants supporting single crowns in posterior region: a clinical retrospective study of 5-10 years. Clin Oral Implants Res 24:230-237 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0501.2012.02452.x
  66. Stafford GL (2016) Short implants had lower survival rates in posterior jaws compared to standard implants. Evid Based Dent 17:115-116 https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ebd.6401205
  67. Boyne PJ, James RA (1980) Grafting of the maxillary sinus floor with autogenous marrow and bone. J Oral Surg 38:613-616
  68. Tatum H Jr (1986) Maxillary and sinus implant reconstructions. Dent Clin N Am 30:207-229
  69. Summers RB (1994) A new concept in maxillary implant surgery: the osteotome technique. Compendium 15:152-162
  70. Cosci F, Luccioli M (2000) A new sinus lift technique in conjunction with placement of 265 implants: a 6-year retrospective study. Implant Dent 9:363-368 https://doi.org/10.1097/00008505-200009040-00014
  71. Kim GS, Lee JW, Chong JH, Han JJ, Jung S, Kook MS, Park HJ, Ryu SY, Oh HK (2016) Evaluation of clinical outcomes of implants placed into the maxillary sinus with a perforated sinus membrane: a retrospective study. Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg 38:50 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40902-016-0097-6
  72. Cannizzaro G, Leone M, Consolo U, Ferri V, Licitra G, Worthington H, Esposito M (2007) Augmentation of the posterior atrophic edentulous maxilla with implants placed in the ulna: a prospective single-blind controlled clinical trial. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 22:280-288
  73. Palmer P, Palmer R (1999) Dental implants. 8. Implant surgery to overcome anatomical difficulties. Br Dent J 187:532-540
  74. Hallman M, Sennerby L, Lundgren S (2002) A clinical and histologic evaluation of implant integration in the posterior maxilla after sinus floor augmentation with autogenous bone, bovine hydroxyapatite, or a 20:80 mixture. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 17:635-643
  75. Merli M, Moscatelli M, Mariotti G, Rotundo R, Nieri M (2013) Autogenous bone versus deproteinised bovine bone matrix in 1-stage lateral sinus floor elevation in the severely atrophied maxilla: a randomised controlled trial. Eur J Oral Implantol 6:27-37
  76. Valentin-Opran A, Wozney J, Csimma C, Lilly L, Riedel GE (2002) Clinical evaluation of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2. Clin Orthop Relat Res 395:110-120 https://doi.org/10.1097/00003086-200202000-00011
  77. Raghoebar GM, Schortinghuis J, Liem RS, Ruben JL, van der Wal JE, Vissink A (2005) Does platelet-rich plasma promote remodeling of autologous bone grafts used for augmentation of the maxillary sinus floor? Clin Oral Implants Res 16:349-356 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0501.2005.01115.x
  78. Peng W, Kim IK, Cho HY, Seo JH, Lee DH, Jang JM, Park SH (2016) The healing effect of platelet-rich plasma on xenograft in peri-implant bone defects in rabbits. Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg 38:16 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40902-016-0061-5
  79. Torres J, Tamimi F, Martinez PP, Alkhraisat MH, Linares R, Hernandes G, Torres-Macho J, Lopez-Cabarcos E (2009) Effect of platelet-rich plasma on sinus lifting: a randomized-controlled clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol 36:677-687 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.2009.01437.x
  80. Aparicio C, Perales P, Rangert B (2001) Tilted implants as an alternative to maxillary sinus grafting: a clinical, radiologic, and periotest study. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 3:39-49 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1708-8208.2001.tb00127.x
  81. Malo P, de Araujo NM, Lopes A (2013) Immediate loading of 'All-on-4' maxillary prostheses using trans-sinus tilted implants without sinus bone grafting: a retrospective study reporting the 3-year outcome. Eur J Oral Implantol 6:273-283
  82. Branemark PI, Grondahl K, Ohrnell LO, Nilsson P, Petruson B, Svensson B, Engstrand P, Nannmark U (2004) Zygoma fixture in the management of advanced atrophy of the maxilla: technique and long-term results. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg 38:70-85 https://doi.org/10.1080/02844310310023918
  83. Thoma DS, Zeltner M, Husler J, Hammerle CH, Jung RE (2015) EAO Supplement Working Group 4-EAO CC 2015 short implants versus sinus lifting with longer implants to restore the posterior maxilla: a systematic review. Clin Oral Implants Res 26(Suppl 11):154-169
  84. Duret F, Blouin JL, Duret B (1988) CAD-CAM in dentistry. J Am Dent Assoc 117:715-720 https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.1988.0096
  85. Priest G (2005) Virtual-designed and computer-milled implant abutments. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 63:22-32
  86. Tahmaseb A, De Clerck R, Wismeijer D (2009) Computer-guided implant placement: 3D planning software, fixed intraoral reference points, and CAD/CAM technology. A case report. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 24:541-546
  87. Moon SY, Lee KR, Kim SG, Son MK (2016) Clinical problems of computerguided implant surgery. Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg 38:15 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40902-016-0063-3
  88. Moin DA, Hassan B, Mercelis P, Wismeijer D (2013) Designing a novel dental root analogue implant using cone beam computed tomography and CAD/CAM technology. Clin Oral Implants Res 24:25-27 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0501.2011.02359.x
  89. Kohal RJ, Hurzeler MB, Mota LF, Klaus G, Caffesse RG, Strub JR (1997) Custommade root analogue titanium implants placed into extraction sockets. An experimental study in monkeys. Clin Oral Implants Res 8:386-392 https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0501.1997.080505.x
  90. Pirker W, Kocher A (2009) Immediate, non-submerged, root-analogue zirconia implants placed into single-rooted extraction sockets: 2-year followup of a clinical study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 38:1127-1132 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2009.07.008
  91. Wang N, Li J, Wang X, Liu G, Liu B (2015) 3D printing personalized implant manufactured via fused deposition modeling: an accuracy research. Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 33:509-512

Cited by

  1. Biomechanics of Immediate Postextraction Implant Osseointegration vol.97, pp.9, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034518765757
  2. Current and Emerging Applications of 3D Printing in Restorative Dentistry vol.5, pp.2, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40496-018-0181-3
  3. Silk Protein-Based Membrane for Guided Bone Regeneration vol.8, pp.8, 2018, https://doi.org/10.3390/app8081214
  4. Efficacy of Collagen-Based Membranes in Alveolar Bone Augmentation vol.8, pp.11, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3390/app8112048
  5. Differential Healing Patterns of Mucosal Seal on Zirconia and Titanium Implant vol.10, pp.None, 2019, https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.00796
  6. Surfce Functionalized via AdLAMA3 Multilayer Coating for Re-epithelization Around Titanium Implants vol.8, pp.None, 2020, https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2020.00624
  7. Ethische Herausforderungen in der Implantologie vol.13, pp.2, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12285-020-00250-w
  8. Titanium Alloys for Dental Implants: A Review vol.2, pp.2, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3390/prosthesis2020011
  9. Antibiotic dosage prescribed in oral implant surgery: A meta-analysis of cross-sectional surveys vol.15, pp.8, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236981
  10. Relationship between Cortical Bone Thickness and Cancellous Bone Density at Dental Implant Sites in the Jawbone vol.10, pp.9, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10090710
  11. Periodontal treatment outcomes in smokers: A narrative review vol.19, pp.10, 2017, https://doi.org/10.18332/tid/142106
  12. Scaffold-based developmental tissue engineering strategies for ectodermal organ regeneration vol.10, pp.None, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtbio.2021.100107
  13. Evaluation of the information provided by UK dental practice websites regarding complications of dental implants vol.230, pp.12, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41415-021-3080-2
  14. Implants Survival Rate in Regenerated Sites with Innovative Graft Biomaterials: 1 Year Follow-Up vol.14, pp.18, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14185292
  15. Analysis of IL-1β, CXCL8, and TNF-α levels in the crevicular fluid of patients with periodontitis or healthy implants vol.21, pp.1, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-021-01478-3
  16. Biomechanical and histological evaluation of four different implant macrogeometries in the early osseointegration process: An in vivo animal study vol.125, pp.None, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104935