• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.802-812
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• 1998

고전압 발/ 변전소의 근무자나 송전선 작업자 및 주변거주자가 전계 노출에 안전해야 함은 중요한 일이다. 본 논문에서는 복잡하고 계산시간이 많이 소요되는 인체의 3차원 유도전류를 계산하기 위해 전압원(송전선 로)의 효과적인 모델링 기법을 사용하여 전압원과 피유도체를 분리하지 않고 직접 3차원 정전용량을 구함으 로써 불평등 전계하의 임의의 3차원 공간상에서도 인체에 미치는 유도전류 해석이 가능한 장접을 갖도록 하 였다. 사례연구로 본 연구에서 제안한 알고리즘을 765 kV급 초고압 송전선로에 적용하여 인체 유도 안전 성을 평가한 결과 765 kV 송전선에서 인체의 단락전류는 인체의 위치에 따라 0.3 mA에서 6.8 mA로 분포 되었다. 특히, 송전선로에서 활선 작업시 단락전류 $I_{sc}$의 크기는 ANSI 허용기준인 5 mA를 념을 수 있어 활 선 작업시 작업자의 전계의 방호 대책을 위해서는 도전물질로 구성된 보호복이 필요함을 알 수 있었다.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.109-125
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• 2007

How an elderly people meets death is the matter of how he has lived his life. It is very important for an elderly people at the last step of his life to re-light up life and to meet death with dignity. The purpose of this study is to investigate where fear or anxiety of death come from among the four dimensins of death anxiety and to compare the differenced between the elderly group and non-elderly group, For this research, the 473 of the subjects from 20 to 80 years old attending social welfare center and community areas in Seoul have been questionned. The summary for the study mentioned the following: First, the overall scores of death anxiety, in the non-aged group, gender and religiosity are important factors affecting the decrease of death anxiety, On the other hand, in the aged group, self-respect, death readiness and number of friends are significant factors. Secondly, for death anxiety of self, age and spouse are significant relationships among non-aged group and gender, death readiness and number of friends for aged-group. In the dying of self, the following each three significant variables: gender, self-respect and spouse among non-aged group and gender, self-respect and number of friends among aged group. In death anxiety of others, age, view on next world and spouse are best predictor for non-aged group. Finally, family-relationship, self-respect and spouse are significant factors for aged group. In dying of others, only one factors are influenced for non-aged group, on the other hand, gender, self-respect and death readiness are important factors for aged group. There remains the need for more detailed examination into the nature of this relationship and the extent to which core components strongly affecting the above subscales.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.56-65
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• 2004

This study divides the expression techniques of Zaha Hadid into various types who has manipulated her targeted drawings as her unique design tools in the process of architectural design, analyzes them in terms of the vanishing point, visual point for observation and object of observation and attempts to figure out how the multi-visual expression is applied in the conception of form and space and method of observation. By doing so, this study will suggest the characteristics of the expression techniques using multi-visual. Through the above study, the utilization and characteristics of multi-visual expression of the architecture design process of Zaha Hadid are summarized as follows. Firstly, Zaha Hadid utilizes the strained multi-visual perspective technique which can look out over the interaction between masses simultaneously at multi-angles by changing a perspective drawing of vanishing point 1, 2, and 3. Secondly, it utilizes a landscape perspective technique and embodies an Idea of landscape's spatial arrangement through it as the means to search a dynamic relation of architecture, city, land, and space. Thirdly, there is a projected expression using X-ray perspective technique to make the relations between inside and outside of building to three-dimension volume. Zaha Hadid has used the expression techniques using multi-visual by utilizing various points and has developed and used them as her creative tools for idea. By means of escaping from the expression techniques of simple revival, she has used a new expression technique that can represent recognized space. In the past, the content could change the expression techniques in architecture; however, the liberation of architectural expression techniques can change the content in modern times when require new attempts.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.165-173
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• 2017

Purpose: The aim of this study was to radiographically and clinically compare the effect of extracellular matrix (ECM) membranes on dimensional alterations following a ridge preservation procedure. Methods: One of 2 different ECM membranes was applied during a ridge preservation procedure. A widely used ECM membrane (WEM; Bio-Gide, Geistlich Biomaterials, Wolhusen, Switzerland) was applied in the treatment group and a newly developed ECM membrane (NEM; Lyso-Gide, Oscotec Inc., Seongnam, Korea) was applied in the control group. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans and alginate impressions were obtained 1 week and 6 months after the ridge preservation procedure. Results were analyzed using the independent t-test and the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test. Results: There were no significant differences between the ECM membranes in the changes in the dimension, width, and height of the extraction socket or the quantity of bone tissue. Conclusions: The NEM showed comparable clinical and radiographic results to the WEM following the ridge preservation procedure.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.210-235
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 중학생들의 과학 창의적 문제 해결능력을 측정하기 위해 타당도와 신뢰도가 높은 검사도구를 개발하였다. 먼저 과학 창의적 문제 해결 능력에 대한 조작적 정의를 바탕으로 3차원 평가 틀(과학내용, 과학 탐구 기능, 사고력)을 개발하였으며, 이 평가 틀에 맞추어 평가 문항을 개발하였다. 현장 과학 교사들의 검토를 거쳐 예비 검사에 투입할 3과제로 구성된 4개 문항을 확정하였고, 예비 검사 결과를 바탕으로 각 문항의 구체적인 채점 기준과 배점을 결정하였다. 완성된 최종 검사 도구는 내용 및 평가 기준에 대한 과학 교육 전문가와 현장 교사들의 타당도 검증을 거친 후 중학교 1, 2, 3학년 320명에게 투입되었으며, 채점 결과를 바탕으로 채점자간 신뢰도를 검증받았다. 채점 결과 문항 난이도와 변별도 역시 적절한 것으로 나타났다. 앞으로 본 연구에서 개발한 평가 틀과 평가 기준을 활용하여 다양한 학교 급에 적용할 수 있는 다양한 수준의 과학 창의적 문제 해결 능력 평가도구의 개발이 지속적으로 이루어져야 할 것이다.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.95-106
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• 1998

This study aims to provide a better nursing service in the dimension of economizing time and human efforts. This is to present some basic knowledge necessary to improving a nursing quality in measuring body temperature by analyzing the contents that the objects experienced at the time of measure with tympanic thermometer and mercury thermometer Subjects of the survey consisted of 71 college students, 47 adult patients and 40 pediatric patients. The results were as follows : 1. The oral temperature by mercury thermometer and tympanic thermometer with oral mode was : $36.83^{\circ}C$ by mercury thermometer and $37.02^{\circ}C$ by tympanic thermometer in college students : it showed an significant difference statistically. 2. Comparsion between oral mode and rectal mode by tympanic thermometer in college students : $37.03^{\circ}C$ by oral mode and $37.55^{\circ}C$ by rectal mode and this defference was significant statistically 3. Comparision between rectal temperature by mercury thermometer and rectal mode of tympanic thermometer : $37.54^{\circ}C$ by mercury thermometer and $37.73^{\circ}C$ by tympanic thermometer, it showed a significant difference statistically. 4. Comparision between oral temperature by mercury thermometer and oral mode of tympanic thermometer of the pediatric patients : $36.51^{\circ}C$ by mercury temperature and $36.94^{\circ}C$ by tympanic thermometer, it showed a significant difference statistically. 5. Comparision between oral body temperature by mercury thermometer and oral mode of tympanic thermometer of the adult patients : $36.56^{\circ}C$ by mercury thermometer and $36.90^{\circ}C$ by tympanic thermometer, it did not show statistically any difference. 6. At the measure by mercury thermometer this data can classified In three main categorise : their feeling to a thermometer, thermometer itself and aspect physical of the clients. It is considered that an subjective experience to tympanic thermometer was more positive.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.585-595
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to examine the predictors of burnout among informal caregivers of older adults. One hundred thirty seven caregivers who had provided care to older adults over 60 years of age for more than one month were included in the study. Most of the caregivers were white (91%) and female (78%). Mean ages of the caregivers were 64 years and 78% of them were married. Seventy percent of the older adults suffered from Alzheimer and related disease. In this study, caregivers reported that they experienced burnout once a month. The scores of emotional exhaustion and reduced personal accomplishment of the caregivers were in the moderate burnout range. To examine the predictors of burnout, discriminant analysis was used. Caregivers were divided by two groups based on the sum of scores (cutpoint＝6) on three dimensions of burnout after each dimension was categorized into high(3), moderate(2), and low(1). Nine predictors were included in the analysis : Caregiver's age, employment status, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) of the older adult, presence of dementia of the older adult, caregiver's empathy toward the older adult (emotional and cognitive), and 3 coping strategies (negative, problem-focused, cognitive reconstructioning). Caregivers who reported high burnout showed higher cognitive empathy toward the older adults than those who showed low burnout. Caregivers who experienced high burnout used negative coping more often, and cognitive reconstructioning coping and problem focused coping less often than their counterparts. Wilks' Lambda was .78 indicating that differences between the two groups were significant. Cognitive empathy and cognitive reconstructioning coping showed high standardized canonical discriminat function coefficients over .40. Discriminant function with 9 predictors correctly classified 71% of the sample. In conclusion, informal caregivers also experienced certain level of burnout. Cognitive empathy and coping strategies predicted burnout experience of the caregivers. Based on this study, nursing intervention to the informal caregivers to improve their cognitive empathy toward the older adults and to modify their coping strategies in a way to reduce burnout experience can be applied. Further research to develop effective nursing interventions for the purpose of reducing burnout experience by modifying predictors was suggested.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.3-10
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• 2012

Recently, the increase of impervious area has been pointed out as a major cause of climate change and biotop area deterioration]. Therefore, quantitative indicators for environmental housing design and planning have been needed especially to control the impervious area. The Biotop Area Ratio(BAR) as the mostly applied environmental planning control instrument in Korea verifying the possibility of utilizing has been used effectively in various aspects. However, the fact that the space types are based on two dimension and ecological functions of spaces are simplified has shown the limitations of this planning instrument in the use as planning and evaluation indicator. In this study, classification criteria and the weighting of the space types in similar indicators Biotopflaechenfaktor (BFF, Berlin), Seattle Green Factor (SGF, Seattle), and Green Area Factor (GAF, Malmo) were analyzed. These indicators are similar in the sense that they apply weights to calculate the area and express a percentage of land area. The findings are as follows: The basic method that can estimate the vegetation volume is proposed to overcome the limitation of the BAR. It also was proven that the introduction of three-dimensional volume rate of biotops area was possible. Finally, the framework of space type classification criteria is proposed through linkages with relevant laws and regulations. With the improvement of the space types, the BAR is expected to be reasonable indicator in outdoor space evaluation in housing project.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.379-391
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• 1992

This study was intended to identify the constructing factors and the evaluative dimensions of clothing images. A questionnaire consisted of 110 words expressing clothing images was developed, and eight clothing photographs were selected as stimuli. 298 female subjects aged between 22 to 37 responsed to the 110 words for two photographs during September in 1991. After survey, 110 words were reduced to 62 words based on their independence, then factor analysis was conducted. As a result of factor analysis,6 factors-grace, modernity, unattractive- ness, activeness, dressiness, and youthfulness were found out as constructing factors of clothing images. One additional interest was the effect of design line to the formation of clothing images. ANOVA identified that curved line designs were perceived to be more graceful, modern, dressy, and youthful, and straight line designs were perceived to be more unattractive and active. The other interest was the effect of image factors to the total evaluation. So, regression was used. Consequently, the most influential factor to the total evaluation was found out as grace, followed by unattractiveness, modernity, youthfulness and activeness in a descending order. To identify the evaluative dimensions of clothing images, nine words of unattractiveness image factor were eliminated, and multidimensional scaling analysis was employed. Here, three dimensions were judged to be appropriate to explain the result. The first dimension in the multidimensional space was the evaluation in 'mannish image versus feminine image'. The second was the evaluation in 'simple image versus decorative image'. The third was the evaluation in 'pastoral image versus urbane image'.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.549-556
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• 2009

이 연구에서는 프리캐스트 콘크리트 구조시스템에서 기존에 사용되고 있는 벽체의 수직접합부의 시공 및 문제점을 최소화하기 위해 접합부의 폭을 100 mm에서 150 mm로 증가시키고 연결방식을 3가지로 하여 구조적 성능 및 적용성에 대해 분석하였다. 또한, 해석적으로 구조적 성능을 파악하기 위해 비선형 유한 요소 해석법으로 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 광폭형 연결부를 가진 접합부를 적용하였을 때, PC벽체에 가해지는 하중을 더 효율적으로 철근이 분담하여 내력이 증가하고 연성적인 거동을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 접합부 루프근의 단면적이 커질수록 그리고 철근 개수가 증가할수록 최대내력이 증가하며 광폭형 접합부 형식 중에 용접형-링형-C형의 순서로 내력이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 용접형의 경우 현장조건에 따른 변화가 발생할 수 있으므로 광폭형 연결 부위를 링형 접합부로 하는 것이 안정적인 거동을 하며 현장 용접의 철저한 품질관리가 필요하다.