• 전자공학회논문지S
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• 제36S권7호
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• pp.62-70
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• 1999

통상적으로 삼단 적층 테이블은 수 cm에서 수십 cm까지 이송하는 작업영역에 주로 사용되나 작업영역에서 비해 차지하는 공간이 큰 단점이 있다. 최근에는 산업현장에서 테이블이 단소 경박하면서 작업영역이 $5mm{\times}5mm$이내이고 위치제어 정밀도가 최소 ${\pm}4{\mu}m$정도의 고정밀 위치제어용 테이블이 요구되고 있다. 본 논문은 이런 요구에 부응하여 고정밀 위치제어용 병렬 $XY{\theta}$테이블을 설계 제작하며 고정밀 위치제어를 위해 새로운 전동 리니어 액추에이터와 화상처리 알고리즘을 제안한다. $XY{\theta}$의 자유도를 갖도록 테이블 베드의 단일 평면상에 액추에이터를 수평방향으로 한 개 수직방향으로 두 개를 설치한다. 두 대의 CCD 카메라를 이용한 화상처리 알고리즘은 테이블 위에 놓인 패널을 목표 지점으로 고정밀 위치제어를 수행한다. 제작된 테이블로 상기의 작업영역과 위치제어 정밀도를 충족시켜 주는 실험 결과를 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2002

본 논문에서는 18절점 가정 변형률 솔리드 요소를 이용하여, 기계적 물리량과 전기적 물리량이 완전히 연성된 정적 문제를 해석할 수 있는 유한요소 정식화 과정을 유도하였다. 요소 결점의 축방향 변위 자유도 외에 전기 자유도를 추가하여 주어진 변위와 하중에 의해 발생하는 유도전압을 계산할 수 있다. 또한 가정 변형률 요소를 사용함으로써 박판형 구조물을 모델할 때 발생할 수 있는 잠김현상을 해소하였다. 유도된 유한요소 정식을 바탕으로 프로그램을 작성하였으며, 몇가지 수치예제에 적용하여 작성된 코드를 검증하였다. 본 요소를 이용하여, 여러 가지 변수가 THUNDER의 작동변위에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 이를 통하여, 특정한 재료와 곡률을 갖출 경우 THUNDER의 작동성능이 향상됨을 확인하였다.

• 항공우주기술
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.170-178
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• 2004

본 논문은 KSR-III 개발경험을 토대로 모션테이블을 이용한 로켓 6자유도 실시간모의시험(HILS) 방안에 대해 다루고 있다. 모션테이블 HILS 시험을 통해, 3축 모션테이블의 동특성 지연에 따른 제어루프의 안정성을 판단하고 종합 HILS 시험을 위한 기초 자료를 제공하게 된다. 모션테이블 HILS 초기화 시험을 통해, 관성항법장치 초기정렬을 위한 초기자세 각 유지 알고리듬 시험, 발사시작 신호 모사를 통한 시각동기화 시험, 외부기록계를 이용한 실시간 조정시험 등을 수행하게 되고, 개루프 HILS 시험을 통해 정상 상태 비행 상황 및 슬로싱, 벤딩, TWD, 바람, 추력비정렬오차 등의 영향이 존재하는 비행 상황에 대한 모션테이블 운용 시험을 수행하게 되며, 최종적으로 모션테이블 자세각을 궤환루프의 입력으로 궤환시킨 폐루프 HILS를 통해 제어루프의 안정성 시험을 완료하게 된다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.113-131
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• 2022

A rockburst is a common disaster in deep-tunnel excavation engineering, especially for high-geostress areas. An anomalously low friction effect is one of the most important inducements of rockbursts. To elucidate the correlation between an anomalously low friction effect and a rockburst, we establish a two-dimensional prediction model that considers the discontinuous structure of a rock mass. The degree of freedom of the rotation angle is introduced, thus the motion equations of the blocks under the influence of a transient disturbing force are acquired according to the interactions of the blocks. Based on the two-dimensional discontinuous block model of deep rock mass, a rockburst prediction model is established, and the initiation process of ultra-low friction rockburst is analyzed. In addition, the intensity of a rockburst, including the location, depth, area, and velocity of ejection fragments, can be determined quantitatively using the proposed prediction model. Then, through a specific example, the effects of geomechanical parameters such as the different principal stress ratios, the material properties, a dip of principal stress on the occurrence form and range of rockburst are analyzed. The results indicate that under dynamic disturbance, stress variation on the structural surface in a deep rock mass may directly give rise to a rockburst. The formation of rockburst is characterized by three stages: the appearance of cracks that result from the tension or compression failure of the deformation block, the transformation of strain energy of rock blocks to kinetic energy, and the ejection of some of the free blocks from the surrounding rock mass. Finally, the two-dimensional rockburst prediction model is applied to the construction drainage tunnel project of Jinping II hydropower station. Through the comparison with the field measured rockburst data and UDEC simulation results, it shows that the model in this paper is in good agreement with the actual working conditions, which verifies the accuracy of the model in this paper.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.66-74
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to identify the factors mainly recognized by customers regarding environmental elements of clothing store. The respondents are classified into several groups according to their preferences on the environmental elements of clothing store. Also the relationship between the factors and the shopping characteristics of customers is reviewed based on the results. This survey was carried out through a questionnaire of male and female university students(Busan region) in their twenties. The data were analyzed by using Factor analysis, Cluster analysis, one-way ANOVA, Duncan test as a post identification and regression analysis. The results of this research can be summarized as follows; The perceived 7 factors about environmental elements of clothing store were service policy, store atmosphere, product variety, shopping convenience, trend of products, freedom of shopping and reception service. The respondents were classified into three groups(high recognizing group, middle recognizing group and low recognizing group) by the level of recognizing 7 factors. There were significant differences among 3 groups divided by the degree of recognizing the factors regarding environmental elements of clothing store and there was the meaningful relationship between these 7 factors and shopping characteristics. The high recognizing group has shopping characteristics like more shopping time, large expenditure for clothing and a lot of comparative stores. They are frequently in contact with clothing shopping environment and easily purchase clothes. Finally, the factors perceived by the environmental elements of clothing store significantly affected the shopping characteristics of the customers. So, store managers have to look for the perceived environmental elements of store by business and seek after the marketing factors which efficiently stimulate consumer.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.49-65
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• 2013

This article presents the statistical characteristics of elastic floor acceleration spectra that represent the peak response demand of non-structural components attached to a nonlinear supporting frame. For this purpose, a set of stiff and flexible general moment resisting frames with periods of 0.3-3.6 sec. are analyzed using forty-nine near-field strong ground motion records. Peak accelerations are derived for each single degree of freedom non-structural component, supported by the above mentioned frames, through a direct-integration time-history analysis. These accelerations are obtained by Floor Acceleration Response Spectrum (FARS) method. They are statistically analyzed in the next step to achieve a better understanding of their height-wise distributions. The factors that affect FARS values are found in the relevant state of the art. Here, they are summarized to evaluate the amplification and/or reduction of FARS values especially when the supporting structures undergo inelastic behavior. The properties of FARS values are studied in three regions: long-period, fundamental-period and short-period. Maximum elastic acceleration response of non-structural component, mounted on inelastic frames, depends on the following factors: inelasticity intensity and modal periods of supporting structure; natural period, damping ratio and location of non-structural component. The FARS values, corresponded to the modal periods of supporting structure, are strongly reduced beyond elastic domain. However, they could be amplified in the transferring period domain between the mentioned modal periods. In the next step, the amplification and/or reduction of FARS values, caused by inelastic behavior of supporting structure, are calculated. A parameter called the response acceleration reduction factor ($R_{acc}$), has been previously used for far-field earthquakes. The feasibility of extending this parameter for near-field motions is focused here, suggested repeatedly in the relevant sources. The nonlinearity of supporting structure is included in ($R_{acc}$) for better estimation of maximum non-structural component absolute acceleration demand, which is ordinarily neglected in the seismic design provisions.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제58권3호
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• pp.199-204
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• 2022

The Pacific giant octopus (Enteroctopus dofleini) is one of the most important species in the East Sea fishery of Korea. The annual production of Pacific giant octopus in 2021 was 3,880 metric ton between Gangwon province and Gyeongsangbuk province. Most of the fishing gears for the octopus fishery were based on behavioral properties such as thigmotaxis and chemotaxis. Wooden octopus box is also one of the fishing gears, which is application of thigmotaxis for the octopus capture in fishing industry. In this study, the tank experiments were designed to examine the behaviour and the effect of surface roughness to the infiltration of the octopus quantitatively. Three different types of octopus boxes were used for the experiments with different surface roughness on the average of 701.6 ㎛, 141.7 ㎛ and 2.09 ㎛ for each gear. 22 trials were conducted from June to September 2021. The normality of the experiments was tested using Shapiro-Wilk normality test (p-value < 0.05). The significance of results was conducted by Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test (Chi-squarded = 21, Degree of freedom = 3, p-value < 0.05). The use of wooden octopus box with rough surface was found to enhance the catch efficiency and observe infiltration behaviour of the octopus frequently.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.243-256
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• 2019

Determination of the most meaningful structural modes and gaining insight into how these modes evolve are important issues for long-term structural health monitoring of the long-span bridges. To address this issue, modal parameters identified throughout the life of the bridge need to be compared and linked with each other, which is the process of mode tracking. The modal frequencies for a long-span bridge are typically closely-spaced, sensitive to the environment (e.g., temperature, wind, traffic, etc.), which makes the automated tracking of modal parameters a difficult process, often requiring human intervention. Machine learning methods are well-suited for uncovering complex underlying relationships between processes and thus have the potential to realize accurate and automated modal tracking. In this study, Gaussian mixture model (GMM), a popular unsupervised machine learning method, is employed to automatically determine and update baseline modal properties from the identified unlabeled modal parameters. On this foundation, a new mode tracking method is proposed for automated mode tracking for long-span bridges. Firstly, a numerical example for a three-degree-of-freedom system is employed to validate the feasibility of using GMM to automatically determine the baseline modal properties. Subsequently, the field monitoring data of a long-span bridge are utilized to illustrate the practical usage of GMM for automated determination of the baseline list. Finally, the continuously monitoring bridge acceleration data during strong typhoon events are employed to validate the reliability of proposed method in tracking the changing modal parameters. Results show that the proposed method can automatically track the modal parameters in disastrous scenarios and provide valuable references for condition assessment of the bridge structure.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.483-503
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• 2016

This study aims to evaluate seismic performance of existing low and mid-rise reinforced concrete buildings by comparing their displacement capacities and displacement demands under selected ground motions experienced in Turkey as well as demand spectrum provided in 2007 Turkish Earthquake Code for design earthquake with 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years for soil class Z3. It should be noted that typical residential buildings are designed according to demand spectrum of 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years. Three RC building sets as 2-, 4- and 7-story, are selected to represent reference low-and mid-rise buildings located in the high seismicity region of Turkey. The selected buildings are typical beam-column RC frame buildings with no shear walls. The outcomes of detailed field and archive investigation including approximately 500 real residential RC buildings established building models to reflect existing building stock. Total of 72 3-D building models are constructed from the reference buildings to include the effects of some properties such as structural irregularities, concrete strength, seismic codes, structural deficiencies, transverse reinforcement detailing, and number of story on seismic performance of low and mid-rise RC buildings. Capacity curves of building sets are obtained by nonlinear static analyses conducted in two principal directions, resulting in 144 models. The inelastic dynamic characteristics are represented by "equivalent" Single-Degree-of- Freedom (ESDOF) systems using obtained capacity curves of buildings. Nonlinear time history analysis is used to estimate displacement demands of representative building models idealized with (ESDOF) systems subjected to the selected ground motion records from past earthquakes in Turkey. The results show that the significant number of pre-modern code 4- and 7-story buildings exceeds LS performance level while the modern code 4- and 7-story buildings have better performances. The findings obviously indicate the existence of destructive earthquakes especially for 4- and 7-story buildings. Significant improvements in the performance of the buildings per modern code are also obvious in the study. Almost one third of pre-modern code buildings is exceeding LS level during records in the past earthquakes. This observation also supports the building damages experienced in the past earthquake events in Turkey.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.771-791
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• 2018

This paper deals with the low velocity impact response and dynamic stresses of composite sandwich truncated conical shells (STCS) with compressible or incompressible core. Impacts are assumed to occur normally over the top face-sheet and the interaction between the impactor and the structure is simulated using a new equivalent three-degree-of-freedom (TDOF) spring-mass-damper (SMD) model. The displacement fields of core and face sheets are considered by higher order and first order shear deformation theory (FSDT), respectively. Considering continuity boundary conditions between the layers, the motion equations are derived based on Hamilton's principal incorporating the curvature, in-plane stress of the core and the structural damping effects based on Kelvin-Voigt model. In order to obtain the contact force, the displacement histories and the dynamic stresses, the differential quadrature method (DQM) is used. The effects of different parameters such as number of the layers of the face sheets, boundary conditions, semi vertex angle of the cone, impact velocity of impactor, trapezoidal shape and in-plane stresses of the core are examined on the low velocity impact response of STCS. Comparison of the present results with those reported by other researchers, confirms the accuracy of the present method. Numerical results show that increasing the impact velocity of the impactor yields to increases in the maximum contact force and deflection, while the contact duration is decreased. In addition, the normal stresses induced in top layer are higher than bottom layer since the top layer is subjected to impact load. Furthermore, with considering structural damping, the contact force and dynamic deflection decrees.