• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.15
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• pp.96-121
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• 2014

Portrait of Sim Huisu is a seventeenth-century Joseon portrait of a meritorious vassal. The National Museum of Korea currently owns two portraits of Sim Huisu, which are the eldest son's family and by the eldest grandson of the family's second eldest son. Both were donated in 1980. Portraits were still in its original mounting, but the supporting silk had been damaged and stained in a flood. Conservation treatment was undertaken to restore the original style, and scientific analysis, such as, X-ray, XRD, XRF and Graff "C" stain, was conducted to study the materials and painting techniques. The support silk was found to be refined fibroin and a plain weave consisting of two weft threads and one warp thread. The lining papers were found to be bamboo fiber paper of first layer in China and Korean traditional mulberry paper in second. Various pigments were identified in the painting, including white lead, cinnabar, atacamite, ink stick, azurite, silver, and gold. The study also confirmed the use of the back painting, with colors such as white ^{White Lead}, green ^Atacamite, orange ^Minium, black ^{Ink Stick}, and yellow ^Dye. Also, it was found that stick ink or dye was used with white lead.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.233-249
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• 1999

Primary fixation is one of the most important factor in establishing adequate osseointegration between implant and bone. To evaluate the initial healing response of bone around implants without primary bone contact, this study was designed to create considerable space between implant and bone in 5 mongrel dogs, about 1-year old. After 3 holes of 6.0mm in diameter were prepared at the femur neck of the dogs, commercially pure titanium thread type implants(STERI-$OSS^{(R)}$), 8mm in length and 3.8mm, 5.0mm and 6.0mm in diameter, were inserted. Implants were supported by only nonresorbable membrane($Teflon^{(R)}$), and the penetration of upper soft tissue into the gap was inhibited by it. The each implant was positioned in the center of the drilled hole. 9 implants with different diameters were inserted in 3 dogs for histologic observation, and 12 were inserted in 2 dogs for mobility test and removal torque test.Fluorescent dyes were injected in order of Doxycycline, Alizarin Red S, and Calcein at intervals of 2 weeks. At 4-, 8-, and 12-week after placement, 3 dogs were sacrificed for histologic observation, and at 8- and 12-week after placement, 2 dogs were sacrificed for mobility test using $Periotest^{(R)}$ (Simens AG, Bensheim, Germany) and torque test using Autograph AGS-1000D $series^{(R)}$(Japan). The result were as follows: 1. The wider the gap between bone and implant was, the less bone maturity was, and the later osseointegration was occurred. Trabecular direction of new bone around implant was changed from parallel to perpendicular to the implant, and the gap was filled with new bone, over time. 2. There was a decreasing tendency over time in the mobility of all implants, but the wider gap between bone and implant was, the smaller decrease of the mobility was. 3. There was a increasing tendency over time in the removal torque gauge of all implants, and the wider gap was, the smaller increase of the removal torque gauge was. The results suggest that osseointegration in case of implant without primary bone contact may be obtained by guided bone regeneration technique with prolonged healing period, but the time of second surgery should be considered carefully.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.192-209
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• 2004

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the machining accuracy and consistency of implant/abutment/screw combination or internal connection type. Material and methods: In this study, each two randomly selected internal implant fixtures from ITI, 3i, Avana, Bicon, Friadent, Astra, and Paragon system were used. Each abutment was connected to the implant with 32Ncm torque value using a digital torque controller or tapping. All samples were cross-sectioned with grinder-polisher unit (Omnilap 2000 SBT Inc) after embeded in liquid unsaturated polyester (Epovia, Cray Valley Inc). Then optical microscopic and scanning electron microscopic(SEM) evaluations of the implant-abutment interfaces were conducted to assess quality of fit between the mating components. Results : 1) Generally, the geometry of the internal connection system provided for a precision fit of the implant/abutment into interface. 2) The most precision fit of the implant/abutment interface was provided in the case of Bicon System which has not screw. 3) The fit of the implant/abutment interface was usually good in the case of ITI, 3I and Avana system and the amount of fit of the implant/abutment interface was similar to each other. 4) The fit of the implant/abutment interface was usually good in the case of Friadent, Astra and Paragon system. The case of Astra system with the inclined contacting surface had the most Intimate contact among them. 5) Amount of intimate contact in the abutment screw thread to the mating fixture was larger in assembly with two-piece type which is separated screw from abutment such as Friadent, Astra and Paragon system than in that with one-piece type which is not seperated screw from abutment such as ITI, 3I and Avana system. 6) Amount of contact in the screw and the screw seat of abutment was larger in assembly of Friadent system than in asembly of Astra system of Paragon system. Conclusion: Although a little variation in machining accuracy and consistency was noted in the samples, important features of all internal connection systems were the deep, internal implant-abutment connections which provides intimate contact with the implant walls to resist micro-movement, resulting in a strong stable interface. From the results of this study, further research of the stress distribution according to the design of internal connection system will be required.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.1
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• pp.3-10
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• 1962

1) The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effects of culture filtrates of Fusarium oxysporum f. vasinfectum which is known to produce fusaric acid (wilt toxin) on the germination of sesame seeds and the growth of sesame seedlings. 2) Culture filtrates of Fusarium oxysporum 1. vasinfectum used in this study strongly or weakly inhibited the germination and bring about necrosis accompanying black discoloration of sesame seeds. 3) Varietal difference of sesame in the germination response on the culture filtrates of Fnsarium oxysporum f. vasinfectum is not shown in this study. 4) This study reveals that differential five strains of Fnsarium oxysoprum f. vasinfectum used in this study differ greatly in the toxicity of culture filtrates inhibiting the germination of sesame seeds. 5) In the seedling bed added with culture filtrates of Fnsarium oxysporum f. vasinfectum, the growth of shoot as well as root system of sesame seedlings are notably inhibited and necrotic black discoloration appear on both shoot and root system. But in the seedling beds added with weaker concentration of culture filtrates $/(10\%)$ the growth of shoot is slightly promoted. 6) In culture of sesame seedlings with Knop's solution containing 1 to 3 per cent culture filtrates, the growth of shoot as well as root system are slightly retarded" and till the time of development of the third leaves the whole stem and leaf petiole tissue are weakened so that they become thread like accompanying brown discoloration, interveinal light brown area appear in the second leaves, and the third leaves curl from both sides towards the middle with necrotic brown discoloration, especially symptoms of injury on the third leaves are nearly similar that of the leaves of wilted sesame in the field. 7) A pararell relationship is not found between toxicity of culture filtrates and pathogenicity of five differential strains of Fnsarium oxysporum f. vasinfectum used in this study.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.203-212
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• 2009

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the strain induced in the cortical bone surrounding an orthodontic microimplant during insertion in a self-drilling manner. Methods: A 3D finite element method was used to simulate the insertion of a microimplant (AbsoAnchor SH1312-7, Dentos Co., Daegu, Korea) into 1 mm thick cortical bone. The shape and dimension of thread groove in the center of the cortical bone produced by the cutting flute at the apical of the microimplant was obtained from animal test using rabbit tibias. A total of 3,600 analysis steps was used to calculate the 10 turns and 5 mm advancement of the microimplant. A series of remesh in the cortical bone was allowed to accommodate the change in the geometry accompanied by the implant insertion. Results: Bone strains of well higher than 4,000 microstrain, the reported upper limit for normal bone remodeling, were observed in the peri-implant bone along the whole length of the microimplant. Level of strains in the vicinity of either the screw tip or the valley part were similar. Conclusions: Bone strains from a microimplant insertion in a self-drilling manner might have a negative impact on the physiological remodeling of cortical bone.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.415-433
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• 1999

Implant stability is the key to long-term successful outcome for osseointegrated implants. To evaluate the initial healing response of bone around HA-coated implants without primary bone contact. 21 HA-coated thread type implants(STERI-OSS?) were placed in the femurs of 5 mongrel dogs, about 1-year old. Implants, 8 mm in length and 3.8mm(experimental 1group), 5.0mm(experimental 2group) and 6.0mm(control group) in diameter, were inserted after 3 holes of 6.0mm in diameter and 10mm in depth were prepared in the surgical sites each dog. Implants were supported by only nonresorbable membrane($Teflon^{(R)}$), in order to prevent the ingrowth of upper soft tissue into the gap between bone and implant, and to maintain each implant to be positioned in the center of the drilled hole. 9 implants with different diameters were inserted in 3 dogs for histologic observation, and 12 implants were inserted in 2 dogs for mobility test and removal torque test. Fluorescent dyes were injected for the observation of new bone formation in order of $Terramycin^{(R)}$, Arizarin $Red^{(R)}$, and $Calcein^{(R)}$ at an interval of 2 weeks. 3 dogs were sacrificed for histologic observation at 4, 8, and 12-week after placement. Light microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy were used to qualitatively characterize the bone around HA-coated implant. 2 dogs were sacrificed for mobility test($Periotest^{(R)}$, Simens AG, Bensheim, Germany) and removal torque test($Autograph^{(R)}$ AGS-1000D series, Japan) at 8 and 12-week after placement The results were as follows: 1. Histologic observation showed that osseointegration occurred to both control and experimental groups as time lapse, but delayed bone healing was revealed in 3.8mm group (experimental 1group), compared to contrtol group and 5.0mm group (experimental 2group). 2. The mobility test showed that the experimental groups had no distinguishable movement during experimental periods of 8 and 12-week, and there was no difference in mobility depending on the gap between bone and implant, and time lapse. 3. The removal torque forces were increased depended on the gaps decreasing between bone and implant, and time lapse. The results suggest that HA-coated implant without primary bone contact, based on guided bone regeneration could obtain its stability in all experimental groups as time lapse, but bone healing was delayed in experimental group of 3.8mm. And the results suggested that studies on correlationship between mobility test and removal torque test for implant stability would be necessary.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.2
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• pp.56-74
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• 1996

In order to prepare for the coming twenty-first century and to meet changing social demands and health needs, it is necessary to improve the curriculum through development of new conceptual frameworks. The purposes of this study were : 1) to assess the needs of the curriculum of the students, the faculty, the graduates, and the nursing supervisors and head murses ; 2) to develop the conceptual framework which includes philosophy and goals of nursing education based upon needs assessment ; 3) to develop level objectives ; 4) to identigy the contents of the curriculum ; 5) and to develop the faculty. The curriculum was assessed and developed from April, 1995 to March, 1996 through twenty four weekly meetings, two seminars, and two workshops. The process and results of this study are as follows : 1. A needs assessment of the present curriculum was done of the 194 students, 177 graduates, 14 faculty members, and 60 nursing administrators in 5 main areas (objectives, planning and organization, teaching-learning process and methods, evaluation, revision of curriculum). The results showed that there were many descrepancies between expectations and actual situations in all the groups and in all the areas. This implies that there was a necessity for total curriculum revision. 2. To develop the conceptual framework, 1) the core concepts were identified(man, health, environment, and nursing) on the basis of the existing educational philosophy and educational objectives of our school, elicited by group discussions using the nominal group method, one of the needs assessment methods, the philosophy and objectives were restated. 2) Six essential componednts were indentified for the conceptual framework from the restated philosophy and objectives ; nursing process, communication, professional roles, client, health, and nursing. The vertical theread consists of the client and health/nursing ; and the horizontal thread consists of nursing process, communication, and professional roles. 3. The contents of the curriculum were selected on the basis of the educational objectives and organized according to the conceptual framework. 4. The level objectives were then restated. It is expected that the objectives of our school will be accomphished through developing the courses, choosing and Implementing, more effective teaching-learning methods, and evaluating the efficacy of changes implemented. The most important factor will be to continually upgrade the faculty and their teaching skills.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.118-124
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• 2017

To investigate and analyze the cause of the failure of the connecting rod bolt and the crank pin bearing bolt of the diesel engine of this study, the following results were obtained through site surveying, the investigation of literature referring to similar failures, testing and inspection of the fracture surface, and the experience of the researchers. The fractured crank pin bearing bolt of the diesel engine is estimated to be damaged later than the connecting rod bolt. From the shape of fracture surface, it is evident that the failed connecting rod bolt is fractured by fatigue failure due to abnormally repeated loads (e.g. loosening of the connecting bolt, etc.), and is not failed by brittle fractures due to the impact load. The surface of the U-nut on the fractured connecting rod bolt has been worsening due to the improper use of lubricant (agent for prevention of thread fixing) and no usage of separating the each connecting rod on each cylinder. Moreover, there is the possibility that those poor surface conditions of the fractured connecting rod bolt have affected the failure of the connecting rod bolt of the main engine. And it could be assumed that the mechanical characteristic and manufacturing process of the failed connecting rod bolt and crank pin bearing bolt, which were made by a domestic company, conform to the design requirements for those bolts.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.362-371
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• 1995

This study describes with the sinking behaviour for the purse seine. The experiment was carried out using three model purse seines of knotless netting. The nettings were woven in same leg length(10.5mm) of polypropylene 170 denier, polyamide 210 denier and polyester 250 denier two thread ply twine, each of the seines were named PP seine, PA seine and PES seine. Dimension of Purse seine models were 420cm for corkline and 85cm for seine depth, each models rigged 65.8g, 50.6g and 35.8g(weight in water) of lead for a leadline, seine models will have the same weight in water. Experiments carried out in the observation channel in a flume tank under still water conditions. Sinking motion was recorded by the one set of TV-camera for VTR, and reading coordinate carried out by the video digitization system. The results obtained were as follows: 1) Netting bundle for PP seine was existence on the surface of the water, spread out a netting by sinking force of sinkers. 2) Netting bundle for PES seine was existence in the middle of corkline and leadline. 3) Average sinking speed of seine margin was fastest for 10.7cm/s of PP seine, followed by 9.7cm/s of PA and 9.2cm/s of PES seines. 4) In all seines, the force of horizontal movement for the seine setting was values of ranged in disregard.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.36
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• pp.29-55
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• 2013

In modern society, citizen's expectation about policing levels have been rising over time and it limited resources of the police to deal with the security services are insufficient. Until now, the state monopoly of the police activity was changing to subject of a variety in cooperation with public security system. The citizens considers community not the destination to police enforce the law but space for effective policing partners. Japanese police focus on cooperation oriented policing to strengthen the police and local residents with crime prevention for a long time. Also, the community through a variety of problem-solving policing activities to identify problems such as anxiety and anguish of the people. The legal basis for cooperative policing activity is that Nagaoka city crime prevention regulation in 1979. In recent years, Tokyo local government legislated the safe town development regulations(東京都安全 安心まちづくり條例) and set up the hot-spot area to promote the safety of public facilities. Cooperative policing not police intervention for crime prevention but national policy for the city reclamation in Japan. Police as well as the Ministry of Land and Transport, Ministry of Justice, Ministry of Education, Prime Minister and all government departments thread safe city, crime prevention, and has been working to make the safe city. Japan's cooperative policing is a system that receives the most attention and greater implications.