• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제22권6호통권96호
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• pp.905-913
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• 2006

The properties of water soluble powder of propolis(WSP), made with different levels(0, 20, 40, 60, 80%) of ethanol extract of propolis(EEP) and hydrocolloid were investigated, along with the quality changes of its bread after 7 days' of storage at $30^{\circ}C$ The yield of WSP containing 40% EEP treated at $160^{\circ}C$ was the highest at 59.3% and the brown color of all the powders tended to be darkened with increasing EEP content. The turbidity of WSP treated at higher temperature was decreased in its aqueous solution (10%, w/w), and this was considered to be due to the presence of minute nonsoluble particles. Antioxidative activities determined by DPPH(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) were the lowest in WSP treated at $140^{\circ}C$, while those of the WSP samples prepared at 160 and $180^{\circ}C$ were as high as that of WSP containing more than 40% EEP, regardless of EEP concentration. The propolis breads with added WSP made at $160^{\circ}C$ were selected as the most desirable powder for subsequent study. Bread with WSP40 was the heaviest while the volume loss of WSP80 was the greast after baking. The moisture contents of the propolis bread were drastically decreased until 3 days' of storage, but it was thought that WSP might be ineffective for the prevention of moisture loss. The pH of breads without EEP was decreased after 3 days' of storage, while that of the WSP breads remained almost unchanged until 5 days' of storage. Total bacterial counts also exhibited decay levels during the storage. In conclusion, water soluble powder of propolis is useful as a natural antioxidative and antibacterial material in various types of food.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.199-204
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• 2005

The nose is the most prominent area of the face, therefore susceptible to trauma and skin cancer. When small sized defect is in nasal tip, it results in disturbance of the facial harmony even if replantation, composite graft, skin graft or median forehead flap has been used for the reconstruction. So it is needed that the best method reconstruction is performed according to the degree of defect or deformity. And at the same time the physiology and anatomy of nose were clarified and its aesthetic subunits were employed. How can we cover the about 3 cm sized nasal defect in nasal tip with cartilage exposure? At first, we can think forehead island flap is most appropriate. We performed 7 cases of the forehead island flap for reconstruction of the defect in nasal tip(4 cases: cancer, 3 cases: trauma) from March, 2001 to August, 2004. This result was satisfactory in the point of texture, color, donor scar, and there were no complication such as wound disruption, infection, flap atrophy, and hematoma. The advantages of forehead island flap are: 1) No injury of deep vessel and nerve, 2) control of shape and volume, 3) Short operation time, 4) primary closure of donor site, 5) one stage operation. Also, forehead island flap can cover the defect in nose where skin graft and local flap can not cover. But, operator always must take care for flap congestion and donor site scar. We thought forehead island flap is one of the best option of reconstruction of nasal tip defect.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.187-197
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• 1999

To assess the usefulness of tongue inspection for evaluating the Pattern identification in oriental medicine, we observed stroke patient's tongue and tongue coat and compared it with Pattern identification. The test group was composed of 85 acute stroke stage patients(within 72 hours of onset). Subjects were randomly selected from stroke patients admitted in the KyungHee University, Hospital of Oriental Medicine from December 1 1998 to June 30 1999. We took pictures of patient's tongue and tongue coat within 72hours from onset and checked Pattern identification at the same time. Tongues colored pale rose or red greatly outnumbered other colors. Tongue shape tended to be prickly or fissured, and tongue condition tended to be unflexible or deviated. Regarding tongue coat color, there were great amounts of yellow or clark yellow tongue coats, which were moist, thick or greasy in substance. The red tongue was significantly related to Fire-heat and deficiency of Yin syndrome, while faint white tongue to Damp syndrome(P=0.006). In terms of tongue coat, thin coat was related to Wind and Fire-heat syndromes, thick coat to Damp and Blood stasis syndrome, respectively (P=0.002). In conclusion, we thought that tongue inspection could be a useful Oriental medicine diagnosis in stroke.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.70-77
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• 1997

This study was performed to examine the changes in pH, viscosity, emulsion capacity, emulsion stability, and sensory characteristics during 21 day storage of soy milks prepared by the addition of the different kinds(glucose, fructose, sucrose) and concentrations (5%, 7%, 10%) of sugars. The pH values of all sugar added samples and control were 7.19∼7.40, which belong to the range of good suspension stability. The viscosity values of all sugar added samples were higher than that of control, and those of 7% and 10％ fructose added groups and 5％ sucrose added group increased during storage. While the emulsion capacity values of all sugar added samples were significantly higher than that of control, those of 7％ sugar added groups were the highest. During storage, the emulsion capacity decreased rapidly during the first 7 days, but after then decreased gradually. The emulsion stability values of all sugar added samples were higher than that of control, especially those of all fructose added samples were the highest. The emulsion stability of all sugar added samples increased during the first 7 days, but after then decreased. Sensory evaluations, the scores of sweet taste, roasted nutty taste, color, overall quality of fructose added samples were the highest. According to the above results, the emulsion capacity of 7％ sugar added samples were the highest, and emulsion stability and all sensory characteristics of fructose added samples were the best. Therefore, it was thought to be the most desirable to prepare soy milks by the addition of 7％ fructose.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.147-161
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• 2008

The present writer conducted this study in order to seek desirable directions to enhance right recognition of aesthetic dental prostheses and maximize the aesthetic effect of dental prostheses, by investigating satisfaction with and recognition of aesthetic prostheses among citizens in Daejeon, the writer carried out a self-administered survey with a questionnaire, reaching the following conclusions. 1. It was revealed that 54.4% of them had previous knowledge of aesthetic prostheses while 45.6% had not, and among people with the knowledge, 20.8% acquired it from the dental clinic interested. 2. It was revealed that 58.9% were not satisfied with their front teeth, and among them 24.8% were discontented with their teeth color most. 3. In general characteristics according to whether or not they have previous knowledge aesthetic prosthesis, among people with the knowledge 58.8% were female while 41.2% were male, showing a statistically significant difference (pM0.002). 4. In terms of levels of satisfaction with aesthetic dental prostheses by age, in the case of dissatisfaction people over 30 were most with 14.1%. 5. In terms of levels of recognition of aesthetic prostheses according to whether or not they have previous knowledge of those, among people with the knowledge, 55.8% reported that aesthetic prostheses are necessary (pM0.000). 6. In terms of levels of recognition of aesthetic prostheses according to whether or not they have aesthetic prostheses, among people with knowledge of the kinds of aesthetic prostheses, 87.2%(pM0.000). It was thought that in order to create accurate recognition of and enhance satisfaction with aesthetic dental prostheses, dental care expenses should be adjusted reasonably and also dentists should perform public relations actively with accurate information and provide related education.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.75-93
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• 2006

Chang San-roe re-explained the contents from the 30th question to the 47th question of "Nan Jing" which refered to the Chang-Pu and physiological theories as follows through the western theory which wss different from the tranditioonal chinese theory 1. "Nan Jing" refered to the circulation and the coming into being of Yeong-Wi. He denied that it was classified Yeong from Wi or Eum from Yang. 2. He denied that Sam-Cho was separated to three parts and the theory of "Sam-Cho is name only, not shape", using western medical theory. 3. He denied the view about "Left side is kidney, right side is Myung-Mun" because it was incorrect that kidney was separated to two parts which were Su and Hwa or Eum and Yang 4. Re-explaining the contents of "Nan Jing"- the portions of heart and lungs, the rising and falling of liver and lungs, the relationships of five viscera and sound color smell taste fluid, the relationships of five viscera and nine hole, the relationships of five viscera and O-Chu, the physiological difference of the old and the young owing to the deflection of Yeong-Wi Chi-Heol- he thought that viewing the human body using theory of Eum and Yang, Five elements(五行) was a far-fetched interpretation, so he denied the tranditional chinese theory which understood human body's organs, physiology, pathology. 5. He explained the contents of "Nan Jing"- the portions of the colon and the small intestines, the funtion of the six bowls, the corespondence of Chang-Pu, physical peculiarity of liver, the anatomical aspects which were the sizes, weights, volumes and shapes of the Chang-Pu and the alimentary canal, Chil-Chung-Mun, Pal-Hoe-Hyeolthrough western anatomy and physiology in detail.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.695-701
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• 2006

This study is based on the utilization of pine mushroom for processing products by development of pine mushroom Jung-Gwa. The results were summarized as follows: Pine mushroom Jung-Gwa were prepared with four different amounts (20, 30, 40, 50%) of honey. Pine mushroom Jung-Gwa color value was the highest by 20% soaking honey-water product and 40% soaking honey-water product was the lowest. Strength and hardness of 20% soaking honey-water product was the highest. Appearance to product of 50% soaking honey-water was the highest preference by all age of except 20's. The honey content of more and more external appearance preference was became higher. Product of 40% soaking honey-water was best by flavor of pine mushroom Jung-Gwa. A sugary tastes comparison 50% soaking honey water to 40% soaking honey water was not distinction. The texture was appeared a statistically significant difference by products of 20%, 30% soaking honey-water. Product of 20% soaking honey-water was favorite in 20's and product of 30% soaking honey-water was favorite in 30's. In overall preference test for pine mushroom Jung-Gwa of 40% soaking honey water was preferred by all age. Oligosaccharide helped geriatric diseases and cheaper. Thus this study used oligosaccharide but the result was not a statistically significant difference of pine mushroom Jung-Gwa products quality by comparison honey-water to oligosaccharide. Therefore oligosaccharide utilization products was thought worth a lot more by processing price and functional.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.516-524
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• 2014

This study was performed to examine the feasibility of using the low plane of nutrition (LPN) as a means of improving the meat quality of crossbred finishing pigs with a medium weight gain potential. Twenty-four barrows and 24 gilts weighing approximately 48 kg were placed on LPN [a finisher (2.86 Mcal ME/kg and 0.67% lysine) for 91 d] or on a high plane of nutrition [HPN; a commercial grower for 38 d and a finisher (3.35 Mcal ME/kg and 0.9% lysine) for 46 d]. Five barrows and five gilts per treatment weighing approximately 125 kg were slaughtered after the indicated days on the respective diets, followed by physicochemical analysis and sensory evaluation on their muscles. Overall average daily gain was 12.6% less in the LPN group vs. the HPN group (p<0.05). The redness ($a^*$) of fresh longissimus muscle (LM) from the loin as well as from Boston butt was greater in the LPN group vs. HPN whereas the shear force for fresh LM from these primals and semimembranosus muscle was lower in the former. In sensory evaluation for cooked LM, no treatment effect was detected in any of the quality traits examined, except for a lower color score in the LPN vs. HPN group. Results suggest that meat quality of the finishing pigs can be improved to some extent by using LPN. However, the present pigs, whose backfat thickness was 24 mm at 125 kg, are thought not to be lean enough to be fattened over 120 kg.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.111-122
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• 1995

12 populatiDns of Ch indicum L. and it's variation antogenous in Tforea were selected throughout the country and their morphological characteristics were studied in this paper. The results are as follows. 1) The mean of the plant height is 97.3cm. Ch. indicunl is 76.5cm and Ch. boreale is 116. 6cm in height. The number of nodes is 58 on the average. The color of the stem is generally black-red in the case of Ch. indicum and is green for Ch. boreale. 2) The leaves of Ch. inficum are smaller In size and thicker than chose of Ch. boreale, and it has a stipule. This fact enables us to distinguish one species from the other, however, the Gyukpo-population of Ch. indicum has a large leaf, and Byunsan-population of Ch. boreale has a stipule so that the above fact is not an exact criterion on which to base one classification. 3) The size of the capitulum is 24.9mm for Ch. indicum and 15.6mm in the case of Ch. boreaje so that the difference between species is admitted. It was confirmed hat the size of the capitulum has positive correlation to that of the pedicel and has egative correlation to the number of flowers, so that of inflorescence, Ch. indicumhas corymb, and Ch. boreale has crowed corymb or umbel-type.The number of ligulates is 19 on the average, which no the difference being founnd between species and populations.4) The cluster analysis of morphological characteristics showed that Ch. indicum wasdivided into two groups, which was shown thought to be due to the difference of speciesbetween Ch. indicum and Ch. boreale. However, it could not be shown that their morphological characteristics explain a geographical relationship between populations

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.73-80
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• 1998

In order to reconstruct the traditional technology of Korean golden varnish coatings, this study was carried out to separate and determine some main coloring components of the exudates of D. morbifera and its traditionally refined golden varnishes using a process of solvent extractions, chromatographies and spectrometries. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The exudate and its traditional-refined golden varnishes appear to have a kind of natural polyacetylenes because it has some triple bond peaks in FT-IR spectrometry. 2. Some yellowing spots of the polar-solvent extrats from the exudates and refined varnishes separated on TLC appeared under natural drying condition, but those of non-polar solvent extract such as hexane did not. 3. A traditional refining method for reconstructing a Korea golden varnishes was thought to be better than solvent separation because the former had higher triple-bond peaks than the latter in FT-IR spectrometry. 4. One of main conponents in the hexane-extracts of the traditional-refined varnishes and the exudates had the same molcular weighr of 204, but the fragmentation patterns was a little different between the exudate and the refined. in LC-MS soectrometry.