• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.313-315
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• 2010

Osteochondromas are common, benign tumors in the long bones, but osteochondromas are rare in the vertebrae. Most vertebral osteochondromas arise from the cervical or upper thoracic spine. However, lumbar osteochondromas have rarely been reported. In this report, a rare case of a lumbar osteochondroma arising from the spondylolytic L3 lamina in a 57-year-old woman is presented. She also had a ruptured disc and lumbar canal stenosis at L4-5-S1. The osteochondroma was completely removed and a posterior lumbar interbody fusion and instrumentation were performed. Considering the rarity of osteochondromas in the lumbar vertebrae, especially the L3 vertebra, it is possible that the pre-existing lumbar spondylolysis or spondylolisthesis was one of the factors affecting the occurrence or progression of the osteochondroma.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.226-233
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to investigate the exercise limit that may occur depending on changes in postural alignment by examining the significance of postural alignment changes, foot pressure, and balance of patients with stroke. Methods: In this study, 50 patients diagnosed with a stroke were selected as subjects. Imbalance of postural alignment of the trunk, pelvic tilt of trunk rotation of the body, angle of kyphotic curving of the thoracic, and angle of lordotic curving of the lumbar vertebra were measured. Foot pressure was examined by measuring average pressure and weight bearing. Balance was examined by measuring the center of pressure and limit of stability. Results: The significance of postural alignment, foot pressure, and weight bearing of the non-paretic side was examined. In addition, the significance between postural alignment and balance was examined. Conclusion: It is thought that limits of foot pressure and balance in the standing position can be caused by postural alignment. Thus, both a therapeutic intervention program and postural alignment training should be provided together in order to improve the function of patients with stroke.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.219-223
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• 2007

Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty are well-known, useful techniques for the treatment of painful vertebral compression fractures. Although the risk associated with these procedures is low, serious complications can occur. Of these complications, infection is even rarer, however, when it does occur, it is difficult to manage and can become life-threatening. We describe here a case of infectious spondylitis with epidural inflammation that occurred after performing kyphoplasty in a patient who had a thoracic vertebra compression fracture. We reviewed other case and literatures. Extreme asepsis of the operating theater, screening and treatment for systemic infection prior to the procedure, as well as the use of appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis are strongly recommended when conducting kyphoplasty to prevent infection.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.188-192
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• 1998

A 3-month old female Holstein calf was presented with about a month history of intermittent dyspnea, exercise intolerance and cough despite antibiotic therapy. Auscultation revealed prominent inspiratory and exploratory crackles and wheezes over the causal cervical trachea which were heard equally over both side of the chest.4 modest amount of forced exercise caused severe respiratory distress with stertorous noise and occasional honkinglike cough. Pasteurella spp. was isolated on the nasal swabs and a hemogram showed mild leucocytosis with a mature neutrophilia and mild monocytosis. Lateral radiographs of the neck and thorax revealed a marked narrowing of the tracheal lumen extending from the level of the fifth cervical to the second thoracic vertebra, and the lung field was judged to be within normal limitsi except very mild peribronchial thickening. The hypertrophic non-union fractures of the first pair of ribs were noted with a well delineatedr redundant callus formations and also the completely healed fractures were found on the next seven pairs of ribs. A diagnosis of tracheal collapse was made, which is thought to be a traumatic origin.4 poor prognosis was given. The calf was euthanatized and necropsied. The tracheal rings from 19th to 41s1 were collapsed dorsoventrally. Histologically, there was no difference between the collapsed and normal areas of the tracheae except the folding mucosal layer in the collapsed area. This report details a case of tracheal collapse in a calli and the literature is reviewed.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.131-136
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• 2002

The vertebrae of female African elephant (Loxodonta africana) of twenty-eight years old were observed macroscopically. The result was summarized as follows; the vertebral formula of African elephant was $C_7$ $T_{21}$ $L_3$ $S_4$ $Cd_{21}$. The total length of the vertebral column removed intervertebreal disks was 353 cm. The length of each segment of vertebral column was 44 cm in cervical, 142 cm in thoracic, 21 cm in lumbar, 27 cm in sacral and 119 cm in caudal vertebrae. The 17th and 18th thoracic vertebrae (T) were partially fused each other in four parts: the transverse processes of 17th and 18th T, caudal articular process of 17th T and cranial articular process of 18th T, left mammilary process of 18th T and left transverse process of 17th T, and vertebral arch of 17th and 18th T, respectively. Others partial fusions also observed among the third luwbar, sacrum and ilium. These were in between transverse process of third lumbar vertebra and cranial parts of wing of sacrum, lateral part of sacrum and tuber sacrale, respectively. The sternum was consisted of three pieces; one is a part of anterior prestemum, two is the part from caudal demifacet at second facet to cranial demifacet at third facet in middle mesosternum, which is divided vertically into an half at second and third facets, respectively, and the last is the part between caudal demifacet of third facet in middle mesosternum and the posterior xiphisternum. There are 21 pairs of ribs, six sternal, ten asternal ribs and the last five being floating ribs.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.606-614
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• 2018

It is important to understand how marbling traits and tenderness differ among beef steaks from the carcass grading site and other regions within the longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle, as these characteristics are closely associated with consumer acceptability and willingness to purchase. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the marbling fleck traits and objective tenderness parameters in the groups classified by the coarseness index (CI) of marbling fleck (high and low groups) at the carcass grading site ($13^{th}$ thoracic vertebra; 13T) and three different locations (13T, 9T, and 6T) within the LT muscle from well-marbled (marbling score 7 to 9) Hanwoo steer. Image analysis showed that the longitudinal locations had a significant effect on marbling fleck traits. The total area of large marbling fleck divided by the total marbling area (coarseness) was higher at the central region (13T to 12T) compared to the front thoracic region (6T to 5T) in the high CI group (0.23 vs. 0.17, p<0.05), whereas no significant differences were observed in the total number of marbling fleck within the LT muscle in the high or low CI groups (p>0.05). Location effect on objective tenderness parameters within the LT muscle was somewhat limited, although the high CI group had a lower Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBS) value than did the low group (p<0.05). Taken together, the degree of coarseness of marbling fleck decreased from the carcass grading site to the front thoracic site, whereas the objective tenderness parameters, including WBS and hardness, of the grading site did not differ from the other regions within the LT muscle.

• 대한관절경학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.27-31
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• 2001

목적 : 고식적인 치료에 반응이 없는 14례의 환자에 대하여 관절경적 치료를 시행하여 이에 대한 치료결과를 평가하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법 : 1996년 3월부터 1998년 6월까지 회전근개의 석회화 건염의 진단하에 6개월이상 고식적 치료에 반응이 없어 관절경적 치료를 받은 14례 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 전례에서 극상근의 원위부에서 병변이 관찰되었으며 그 중 2례에서 극하근에, 1례에서 견갑하근에 병변이 동반되었다. 결과 평가는 UCLA 견관절 평가 지수와 Constant-Murley score를 이용하였다. 결과 : 동통 정도는 Constant-Murley score상 수술 전 평균 3.2점에서 수술 후 평균 8.3점으로 호전되었고 기능상으로는 UCLA점 수상 수술 전 평균 4.5점에서 수술 후 8..3점으로 호전되었다. 수술 전 평균 관절 운동 범위는 굴곡 110도, 외회전 45도, 내회전 제 3요추의 극돌기, 외전 90도로 제한되었으나 수술 후에는 굴곡 170도, 외회전 50도, 내회전 제 12흉추의 극돌기, 외전 140도로 호전되었다. 추시결과 판정은 우수 3례, 양호 9례, 보통 2례였다. 결론 : 보존적 치료에 호전이 없는 석회화 건염에 대하여 관절경적 치료는 효과적인 치료법으로 사료된다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.306-316
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• 2007

This study have a object to found out the effects of oriental herb medicine, Antaeeum, to dams of rats and their offsprings. The Antaeeum was savaged to female Sprague-Dawley rats at a dose of 5 mg/kg/day for 3 weeks during gestation periods. Dams of rat were sacrificed at 20th day of gestation, and were observed major internal and reproductive organs. Approximately live fetuses in the 20th days of gestation were selected randomly and examined with stereo microscopes. Others offsprings were fixed with 95% ethanol for skeletal examinations. The fixed fetuses were stained with alcian blue and alizarin red S to observe skeletal variations or malformations. Maternal body weight of Antaeeum treated dams have a tendency of increasing compared with control dams. There were no significant difference in internal and reproductive organs of weight or findings. The spleenic organ relative weight of treated dams were decreased compared with the control significaltly (p<0.05). There were no significant changes between two groups in blood chemistry and hematological values. There were no significant changes in number of corpus luteum, implantation, live fetuses and implantation rate, delivery rate, late resorption rate and sex ratio. But in the Antaeeum treated group showed lower early resorption rate than that of the control dams. Fetal body weight and number of fetus a dam at Antaeeum treated group were higher than that of control group. The fetuses of dams treated with Antaeeum didn't induced external malformations. Vertebral and sternal variations were observed in Antaeeum group, but compared with the control, those variations were not significant. The ossification numbers of rib, cervical, thoracic, and lumber were normal. Fetuses treated with Antaeeum to the dams showed no significant difference in the number of caudal vertebra (P>0.01). From these results, it can be concluded that Antaeeum showed no toxicity effects on maternal side especially on body weight, early resorption rate, and number of live fetuses. Also there were no significant changes on maternal organ weights except spleen, hematological data, reproductive organs. Although skeletal variations were examined at vertebra and sternum, this Antaeeum could not induced significant choses in bone malformation.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.40-50
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• 2004

특발성 척추측만증 환자에서 3차원적인 재구성을 이용한 관상면에서 척추경의 폭을 측정하는 것이 오차를 줄일 수 있는 방법이고 척추경 나사못의 삽입 시 척추경의 크기를 술 전에 측정한 후 그 값의 최대치보다 작은 최대 크기의 원추형 나사못을 삽입하는 것이 안전한 방법이라 사료된다. 척추경 나사못을 삽입할 시에는 척추경의 모양이 원주 형태가 아닌 낙루 형태나 신장 형태 등 추체마다의 다양한 모양을 고려하여 나사못 크기와 삽입 방법에 세심한 주의가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.277-282
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• 2002

본 실험은 각각의 마취방법이 체성감각유발전위 (SEPs) 파형에 미치는 영향을 알아보고 SEP의 측정에 적절한 마취방법을 찾고자 시행하였다. 임상적으로 건강하고 크기와 나이가 비슷한 다섯 마리의 잡종견을 대상으로 SEPs를 측정하고 각각의 측정값을 분석하였다. SEPs측정을 위해 후 경골신경을 자극하였고 요추 5-6번 사이에서 channel 1의 LP1과 LN1, 흉추 11-12사이에서 channel 2의 TP1, TN1을 기록하였다. 실험에 사용한 마취방법 중. Acepromazine + Thiopental Na + Isoflurane, Acepromazine + Propofol + Isoflurane, Diazepam + Xylazine, Xylazine + Ketamine, Acepromazine + Propofol infusion, 및 Propofol infusion등의 방법만이 SEPs측정이 가능하였고, 파형은 명확하였으며, 측정에 요구되어지는 일정 시간인 25분 이상 동안 마취 유지가 가능하였다. 또한 각 마취군에서의 SEPs 파형을 Acepromazine + Thiopental Na + Isoflurane군과 비교해 보았을 때 latency의 경우, Acepromazine + Propofol + Isoflurane군의 ST(stimulating point)-LN1, SP-TP1, Diazepam + Xylazine 군의 Chl-Ch2, Xylazine + Ketamine군의 Chl-Ch2, Acepromazine + Propofol infusion군의 ST-LP1와 Chl-Ch2에서 부분적으로 유의적인 차가 있었다. Conduction velocity의 경우, Acepromazine + Propofol + Isoflurane군의 ST-LN1, Diazepam + Xylazine군의 Chl-Ch2, Xylazine + Ketamine군의 Chl-Ch2, Acepromazine + Propofol infusion군의 ST-LP1, 그리고 Propofol infusion군의 ST-LN1의 측정값에서 유의적인 차가 있었지만 전반적으로는 전체적인 파형의 유의적인 변화는 없었다. 이상의 결과를 토대로 SEPs 측정시 흡입마취로는 Acepromazine + Thiopental + Isoflurane과 Acepromazine + Propofol + Isoflurane, 주사마취로는 Diazepam + Xylazine과 Xylazine + Ketamine, 점적마취로는 Acepromazine + Propofol infusion과 Propofol infusion 방법이 사용 가능한 것으로 확인되었다.