• Title/Summary/Keyword: Thionyl Chloride

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Electrocatalytic Effects for the Reduction of Thionyl Chloride in $Li/SOCl_2$ Cell Containing Schiff Base Metal(II) Complexes

  • Kim, Woo-Seong;Chung, Kwang-Il;Kim, Shin-Kook;Jeon, Seung-Won;Kim, Yeon-Hee;Sung, Yung-Eun;Choi, Yong-Kook
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.21 no.6
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    • pp.571-576
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    • 2000
  • Electrocatalytic effects for the reduction of thionyl chloride in $LiAICI_4/SOCl_2$ electrolyte solution containing Schiff base M(II) (M; Co and Fe) complexes are evaluated by determining kinetic parameters with cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry at a glassy carbon electrode. The charge transfer process during the reduction of thionyl chloride is affected by the concentration of the catalyst. The catalytic effects are demonstrated from both a shift of the reduction potential for the thionyl chloride toward a more positive direction and an increase in peak currents. Catalytic effects are larger in thionyl chloride solutions containing the binuclear [M(II) $_2$ (TSBP)] complex rather than mononuclear [M(II)(BSDT)] complexes. Significant improvements in the cell performance have been noted in terms of both thermodynamics and activation energy for the thionyl chloride reduction. The activation energy calculated from the Arrhenius plots is 4.5-5.9 kcal/mole at bare glassy carbon electrodes. The activation energy calculated for the catalyst containing solution is 3.3-4.9 kcalmole, depending on whether the temperature is lowered or rasied.

Self-reported Irritation Symptoms among Workers Exposed to Ultra-low Relative Humidity and Thionyl Chloride (극건조 환경에서 염화티오닐 동시 노출자의 자각증상 경험률)

  • Chae, Yoo Mi
    • Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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    • v.41 no.6
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    • pp.412-424
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    • 2015
  • Objectives: An ultra dry air environment of nearly ${\leq}2%$ RH is often required in lithium battery factories. The objective of this study is to evaluate the subjective eye, pulmonary, nose, and skin symptoms of workers exposed to ultra-low relative humidity and thionyl chloride. Methods: We recruited 274 workers using a self-reported questionnaire in March 2014. Those who worked in ultra-low relative humidity and with thionyl chloride were identified and their prevalence of symptoms was compared with that of other workers. We excluded white collar workers, researchers and other workers who were exposed to various hazard factors, and finally included 164 workers. Results: There were significant differences in the rate of self-reported eye and skin symptoms between exposure group_1 and exposure group_2. Exposure group_2 experienced more frequent eye, and skin symptoms. Multinomial logistic regression analysis for experience of dry eye symptoms and skin symptoms in exposure group_2 showed that dry eye symptoms (odds ratio [OR], 6.33, 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.19-18.24, p<0.001), and itchiness (OR, 6.45, 95% CI, 1.94-21.43, p<0.01) were the significant variables. The complaints of workers experiencing ultra-low relative humidity and thionyl chloride were high compared with other workers. Conclusion: These findings suggest that exposure to ultra-low relative humidity and thionyl chloride may be associated with more frequent eye and skin symptoms than exposure to ultra-low relative humidity alone. The current precautions to protect workers from the adverse effects of ultra-low relative humidity and thionyl chloride appear to be insufficient, indicating that additional management plans to reduce symptoms should be considered.

Electrocatalytic Reduction of Thionyl Chloride by Schiff Base Metal(II) Complexes (1)

  • Sin, Mi Suk;Kim, U Seong;Jo, Gi Hyeong;Choe, Yong Guk
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.16 no.3
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    • pp.205-210
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    • 1995
  • Catalytic effects of various Schiff base metal(II) complexes on the reduction of thionyl chloride at glassy carbon electrode are evaluated by determining the kinetic parameters from cyclic voltammetry technique. The charge transfer process is affected strongly by the concentration of catalysts during the reduction of thionyl chloride. The catalytic effects are shown by both a shift of the reduction potential for thionyl chloride toward more positive direction and an increase in peak current. The diffusion coefficient value, Do, of the 8.17 ${\times}$ 10-9 $cm^2/s$ was observed at the bare glassy carbon electrode, whereas larger values (0.9-1.09 ${\times}$ 10-8 $cm^2/s$) were observed at the catalyst supported glassy carbon electrode. Significant improvements in the cell performance have been noted in terms of both exchange rate constants and current densities at glassy carbon electrode.

Effect of Transition Metal(II)-N,N-Bis(salicylaldehyde)phenylenediimines on the Electrochemical Reduction of Thionyl Chloride

  • 김현수;최용국;조기형;국성근;우희권
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.223-227
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    • 1996
  • Catalytic effects of transition metal (Co2+, Ni2+) complexes of N,N-bis(salicylaldehyde)-o-phenylenediimine (SOPD), N,N-bis(salicylaldehyde)-m-phenylenediimine (SMPD), and N,N-bis(salicylaldehyde)-p-phenylenediimine (SPPD), on the reduction of thionyl chloride at glassy carbon electrode, are evaluated by determining the kinetic parameters with cyclic voltammetric technique. The charge transfer process for the reduction of thionyl chloride is strongly affected by the concentration of the catalysts. Some quadridentate Schiff base-M(Ⅱ) complexes show sizable catalytic activities for the reduction of thionyl chloride. Catalytic effects of [M(Ⅱ)(SOPD)] complexes are slightly larger compared to [M(Ⅱ)2(SMPD)2] and [M(Ⅱ)2(SPPD)2] complexes. On those electrodes deposited with the catalysts, the observed exchange rate constants (ko) are in the range of 0.89-2.28 × 10-7 cm/s, while it is 1.24 × 10-7 cm/s on the bare glassy carbon electrode.

Synthesis of 2-acetyl 11-keto-.DELTA.12;13 oleanolic ketol acetate and other derivatives (2-acrtyl-11-keto-.DELTA.12;13-oleanolic ketol acetate급 기타 유도체의 합성)

  • 김경호
    • YAKHAK HOEJI
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    • v.6 no.1
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    • pp.25-27
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    • 1962
  • The derivative of glycyrrhetinic acid which have similar effects of desoxycorticosterone acetate was prepared glycyrrhetinyl chloride by the chlorination with thionyl chloride at low temperature. 2-Acetyl-11-keto-.DELTA. : 13 oleanolic ketol acetate (30) was synthesized by diazotating glycyrrhetinyl chloride with diazomethan and the acetylation with anhydro acetic acid. 2-Acetyl-.DELTA.12 : 13 oleanolic ketol acetate (28) was synthesized by chlorinating oleanolic acid with thionyl chloride, and by diazotatating oleanolyl chloride with diazomethan and the acetylation with anhydroacetic acid.

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Electrochemical Reduction of Thionyl Chloride by Tetradentate Schiff Base Transition Metal(II) Complexes : Catalytic Effects (네자리 Schiff Base 전이금속(II) 착물들에 의한 SOCl$_2$의 전기화학적 환원 : 촉매 효과)

  • Woo-Seong Kim;Yong-Kook Choi;Chan-Young Kim;Ki-Hyung Chjo;Jong-Soon Kim
    • Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.37 no.8
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    • pp.702-710
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    • 1993
  • Electrochemical reduction of thionyl chloride has been carried out at glassy carbon and molybdenum electrodes, the surface of which is modified by binuclear tetradentate schiff base Co(II), Ni(II),Cu(II) and Fe(II) complexes. The catalyst molecules of transition metal(II) complexes were adsorbed on the electrode surface and reduced thionyl chloride resulting in a generation of oxidized catalyst molecules. There was an optimum concentration for each catalyst compound. The catalytic effects of SOCl$_2$ reduction were larger on glassy carbon electrodes compared to molybdenum electrodes and enhancements in reduction current of up to 120${\%}$ at the glassy carbon electrodes. The reduction currents of thionyl chloride were increased and the reduction potentials were shifted to the negative potential when scan rates became faster. The reduction of thionyl chloride was proceed to diffusion controlled reaction.

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Studies on electrocatalytic effects of LiAlCl4/SOCl2 cell by tetradentate Schiff base metal(II) complexes (네자리 Schiff base 금속(II) 착물들에 의한 LiAlCl4/SOCl2 전지의 전기촉매 효과에 대한 연구)

  • Sim, Woo-Jong;Jeong, Byeong-Goo;Na, Kee-su;Chjo, Ki-Hyung;Choi, Yong-Kook
    • Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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    • v.7 no.3
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    • pp.416-423
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    • 1996
  • Electrochemical reduction of thionyl chloride in 1.5 M $LiAlCl_4/SOCl_2$ electrolyte solution containing tetradentate Schiff base Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Mn(II) complexes has been investigated at the glassy carbon electrode. The catalyst molecules of transition metal(II) complexes were adsorbed on the electrode surface and reduced thionyl chloride resulting in a generation of oxidized catalyst molecules. There was an optimum concentration for each catalyst compound. The current density of $SOCl_2$ reduction was enhanced up to 150% at the catalyst contained electrolyte solution. The reduction currents of thionyl chloride were increased and the reduction potentials were shifted to the negative potential as scan rates became faster. The reduction of thionyl chloride was proceeded to diffusion controlled reaction.

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Electrochemical Properties of Acetylene Black/Multi-walled Carbon Nanotube Cathodes for Lithium Thionyl Chloride Batteries at High Discharge Currents

  • Song, Hee-Youb;Jung, Moon-Hyung;Jeong, Soon-Ki
    • Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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    • v.11 no.4
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    • pp.430-436
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    • 2020
  • Lithium thionyl chloride (Li/SOCl2) batteries exhibit the highest energy densities seen in commercially available primary batteries because of their high operating voltages and discharge capacities. They are widely used in various extreme environments; however, they show signs of degradation at high discharge currents. The discharge performance of Li/SOCl2 is considered to be greatly dependent on the carbon materials used in the cathode. Therefore, suitable carbon materials must be chosen to improve discharge performances. In this work, we investigated the discharge properties of Li/SOCl2 batteries in which the cathodes contained various ratios of acetylene black (AB) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) at high discharge currents. It was confirmed that the MWCNTs were effectively dispersed in the mixed AB/MWCNT cathodes. Moreover, the discharge capacity and operating voltage improved at high discharge currents in these mixed cathodes when compared with pure AB cathodes. It was found that the mesopores present in the cathodes have a strong impact on the discharge capacity, while the macropores present on the cathode surface influence the discharge properties at high discharge rates in Li/SOCl2 batteries. These results indicate that the ratio of mesopores and macropores in the cathode is key to improving the discharge performance of Li/SOCl2 batteries, as is the dispersion of the MWCNTs.

Electrochemical Reduction of Thionyl Chloride : Catalytic Effects of Metalomacrocyclic Compounds (SOCl$_2$의 전기화학적 환원 : 금속-거대고리 화합물의 촉매효과)

  • Woo-Seong Kim;Yong-Kook Choi;Chjo Ki-Hyung
    • Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.37 no.8
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    • pp.744-752
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    • 1993
  • Electrochemical reduction of thionyl chloride has been carried out at glassy carbon and microelectrode that modified by macrocyclic compounds. The catalyst molecules of macrocyclic compounds were adsorbed on the electrode surface and reduced thionyl chloride resulting in a generation of oxidized catalyst molecules. The concentration of catalysts and electrode immersion time were found to affect the catalyst performance strongly. Significant improvements in cell performance have been noted in terms of both exchange rate constants of up to 10 times and power densities of up to 220% at glassy carbon electrode. The diffusion coefficients obtained at carbon microelectrode were slightly different from that determined at glassy carbon electrode.

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