• Child Health Nursing Research
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.434-450
• /
• 2001

This study is designed to understand the meaning and nature of raising children with cerebral palsy. It researches the experience of mothers of schoolchildren with cerebral palsy by the research method of hermeneutic phenomenology. The study was conducted from November 10, 1999 to December 20, 2000. When children with cerebral palsy usually show symptoms in the early stage of cerebral palsy, mothers do not take children to a doctor for diagnosis. And, most of mothers have a difficult time to accept the reality; they usually respond to the initial diagnosis with shock, reproach, and deny. When mothers start recognizing the reality, they consider that their children have cerebral palsy due to the their mismanagement during pregnancy, delivery, nursing, and initial treatment. They shelter their children from view and feel guilty that they cannot afford to try folk remedies for their children. As time passes, mothers face conflicts between families in diverse ways. Families put the blame on genetic effects. Mothers-in-law give their daughters-in-law a hard time, husbands shift the responsibility of raising children onto their wives, and trouble arises between families-in-law and mothers native families. When children grow up, it is physically difficult for mothers to take care their children. In addition, they suffer from all the troubles in family due to childrens handicap. Mothers try the diverse methods of bringing up children. However, they start getting tired of raising children as they experience failures and financial difficulties. Mothers feel collapsed recalling the ways of raising children. They feel anxiety, miserable, lonely, and worrying when they think how children would attend school, make friends, and live in the future. In this stage, mothers do their best to raise their children with hope. They tend to compare their children with others without handicap and spend money and time in attempting all the treatments. When mothers and children join the society at school, they find that the society does not understand disabled people, teachers show inconsiderate attitude, friends avoid them, and children hardly follow classes. Such experiences make mothers feel angry and frustrated. However, when children adapt to school, mothers see the possibility that children could accomplish schoolwork. They appreciate teachers help and others consideration. Mothers place appropriate expectations on their children and help them to prepare for the future. I would make following suggestions based on the results. 1. As a primary basic course of rehabilitation nursing intervention, solution-centered nursing intervention system should be developed. The intervention needs to be based on the understanding of mothers, who raise children with cerebral palsy, through in-depth interview. 2. Advance researches on the development of individual nursing intervention should be conducted. Individual nursing intervention needs to prevent and release actual pain focusing on mothers raising children with cerebral palsy. 3. Integrated curriculum that help children with cerebral palsy lead a normal school life with ordinary children should be developed. 4. Basic research on using of facilities and effective application of service volunteer to help children with cerebral palsy in school needs to be conducted.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
• /
• v.38
• /
• pp.153-179
• /
• 1999

Despite the enforcement of minimum legal drinking age of 18 years of age since 1997, alcohol experimentation among Korean youth is believed to be greater than ever before. The use of alcohol jeopardizes physical, mental, and social development during a person's formative years, thereby endangering successful transitions from adolescent to adulthood. Even infrequent use of alcohol may result in intoxication and acute consequences, especially among youth, who may have low tolerance due to their smaller body size and may lack experience with the effects of alcohol. Using self-report questionnaire data collected from 1,697 highschool students nation-wide, the drinking behavior among Korean high school students and the relation between adolescents' alcohol expectancy and adolescent alcohol use patterns were examined. Results indicated that gender and the type of school(academic or vocational) were significant effects on the drinking behavior(drinking frequency, experience of drunkenness, the amount of alcohol consumed, experience of binge drinking and that of problems due to drinking). Male students than female students, and students of vocational schools rather than those of academic high schools reported more alcohol experimentation. Also, positive alcohol expectancy proved to have a significant relation with alcohol use among high-school students. That is, students who reported to think alcohol would have a positive effect on socializing, aggressiveness, relaxation of tensions, and enforcing sexual ability tended to drink more, to experience more binge drinking and more drinking problems. Variables of gender and the type of school also were found to have significant effects on alcohol expectancy. Males and students of vocational school held ideas of positive outcomes on drinking than others. Implications for further study on developing prevention programs are presented.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
• /
• v.39 no.1
• /
• pp.34-44
• /
• 2011

In this research, the selection of rail tour items of importance and achievement of service quality will be different 'analysis under the assumption that the relationships between them, were studied. Through this research, managers' subjective judgments of the customer rather than by a judge, ie, the true value to our customers think of the rail service quality for tourism products is crucial to develop the important elements. In addition, market-oriented thinking is to present the basic data of the transition. To summarize the conclusions of this paper is as follows. First, what tourists are seeking, constant research and improvement of tourism services should be looking for ways. Secondly, the focus on service quality aspects of products and the urgent need to identify the side of part "Concentrate Here" and "Possible Overkill" by reducing the effort to improve the efficiency of management is considered to be accelerated. Finally, most point in terms of focus and means of transport for the tourism sector as well as the railway tourism products, using the railway as a tourism product now on tour items should be changed.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.47-55
• /
• 2007

Development of digital technology has become closely connected with housing environment. Especially for the matured population, it is very important because they need substantial support in their daily lives. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to identify needs of digital network services for future housing development. Previous researches were limited to digital technology of network systems and its usages. On the other hand, this study focuses on not only the technology but services. This study consists of literatures review and empirical survey. The subjects were the mid-age and pre-elderly between 45 to 65. The analysis of this study results outlined as follows: First, the pre-elderly appeared to have, in general, positive perceptions about digital services of the housing environment. The results of needs for each space's, showed strongly in basic safety and aiding system for memories. Second, there are differences in needs according to respondent's characteristics such as sex, income, job, house type, experience in digital system. Third, there are differences between what they think and what they really responded in both spaces and services. It menas that present planning elements may not attractive and suitable to residents. Therefore it is necessary to redesign the services. In the future, the most important thing is, making comfortable space not convenient space. That is, excluding unnecessary elements and pick up the right ones for resident's real demands.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.21 no.2 s.34
• /
• pp.309-324
• /
• 1991

The author treated 3 class I malocclusion patients with the lingual appliance followed by the extraction of the 4 bicuspids. One of them was finished with the labial appliance at the final stage. The treatment results were acceptable and the patients had good tolerance to the lingual appliance without complaints in these cases. There were some problems in treatment on the lingual side both the patient and the practioner, but I think we can overcome them with the development of the orthodontic materials, the treatment technics & the increased clinical experience. Of course, we cannot treat all the patients with the lingual braces, but patients are carefully selected, lingual braces will be a valuable orthodontic appliance. In conclusion, the lingual braces have very good esthetic advantages, so the patients, especially in adults, who hesitate or refuse the orthodontic treatment due to the esthetic problem of the labial braces will get the motivation & the chance for the orthodontic treatment.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.443-447
• /
• 1996

Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia(ALHE) is an uncommon, benign vascular proliferation with the background of a stroma which is heavily infiltrated by lymphocytes and eosinophils and includes lymphatic follicles with prominent germinal centers. ALHE primarily involves the skin and subcutis in head and neck as various forms of nodules. There has been considerable controversy about the relationship between ALHE and Kimura's disease. Kimura's disease, originally reported by Kimura et el., is an unusual granulation with proliferation of lymphoid tissue. Wells and Whimster published the first report describing a condition that resembled Kimura's disease and designated it as ALHE. For a time being two lesions are thought to be same lesion, but recently they are considered as two different entities, histopathologically. The cause of this disease remains unknown, and physicians have used a variety of treatment modalities including cryosurgery, steriod therapy, electrodesiccation, curettage, radiotherapy, laser therapy and surgical excision. But any treatment modality leaves problem of recurrence because the lesion is not well encapsulated. Being poorly encapsulated, the lesion's remnants are apt to be left and this markes some problems : recurrence and possible adjacent organ injury. In this case we misdiagnosed the lesion as well encapsulated benign mass. We performed excisional biopsy and experienced prolonged operation time and unwanted mentalis muscle injury. We think that the importance of poor encapsulation of ALHE should be stressed. So we report our experience with literature review.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.128-139
• /
• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the work experiences of nurses working as 119 paramedics and to provide basic information to develop administrative and institutional support system for the nurses. Method: The data were collected from December, 2007 to July, 2008 and analyzed using the phenomenological method provided by Munhall and Boyd. Participants of this study were 7 nurses currently working as 119 paramedics and who were willing to fully express their experiences. The grand mal question used in this study was "How is your work experience as an 119 paramedic?" Result: Narratives of the participants were analyzed and divided into 3 categories such as 'recognizing', 'withdrawal', and 'confrontation'. Conclusion: The results showed even if the participants think of their tasks fulfilling and be proud, they have some difficulties due to restrictions of tasks and work environment. Based on the findings, we suggest developing educational programs to improve their task abilities, establishing safety policy and compensatory reward system according to their accomplishments, and providing counseling opportunities for their traumatic experiences with difficult emotion.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.205-217
• /
• 2014

This study examined attitudes of grandmothers who had experience in grandchild care in order to explore their subjectivity. Research questions were 1) to categorize the attitudes toward grandchild care, and 2) to analyze each type's characteristics and elucidate the analyses. The results are as follows. Grandmothers' attitudes toward grandchild care were categorized into three types: (1) adjusting-to-role-change type, (2) recognizing-the-role-burdens type, (3) enjoying-the-traditional-role type. Type 1, the adjusting-to-role-change type was aware of positive facets of grandchild care, and actively accepted the caring responsibility, but did not think it was a grandmother's duty to care for the grandchildren or that it was the sole pleasure in a grandmother's life. Type 2, the recognizing-the-role-burdens type, had a negative view regarding grandchild care, perceiving the cost too high relative to the reward. On the other hand, Type 3, the enjoying-the-traditional-role type considered grandchild care as a pleasure and a duty, and downplayed negative aspects such as having no time to herself, assuming the traditional grandmother role and enjoying it. These results imply that the attitudes of grandmothers nowadays are undergoing a change from the traditional grandmother role attitude.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
• /
• v.29 no.10
• /
• pp.1043-1049
• /
• 2012

The FEM analysis of machine tools is the general analysis process to evaluate machine performance in the industry for a long time. Despite advances in FEM software, because of difficult simplicity of CAD drawing, little experience of joints stiffness modeling and troublesome manual contact area divide for bindings, the industry designers think the FEM analysis is still an area of FEM analysis expert. In this paper, the automation of modeling process with simplicity of drawing, modeling of joints and contact area divide is aimed at easy FEM analysis to enlarge utilization of a virtual machine tools. In order to verify the effects of modeling automation, a slant bed type model with tilting table is analyzed. The results show FEM modeling automation method only needed 45 minutes to complete the whole modeling process, while manual modeling method requires almost one month with 8200 calculations for coordinate transformations and stiffness data input.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.93-107
• /
• 2009

This study investigated consumer preferences for Internet medical information service in China using the multi-attribute utility theory. The multi-attribute utility theory is a compositional approach for modeling consumer preferences wherein researchers calculate the overall service utility by summing up the evaluation results for each attribute. We found that Chinese Internet medical information users consider the availability of information and quick response to be the most important attributes. Further, they think that the comment feature is less important as compared to other attributes such as costs and updates. In addition, we found that the Internet users having more Internet experience consider these attributes to be more important as compared to the people who are just beginning to surf the Internet. For any successful Internet business, Internet marketers should assess individual-level preference and accordingly organize a fresh campaign. As of now, Internet marketers need estimation methods to predict the market performance of new services in many different business environments. We believe that the multi-attribute utility theory is a useful approach in this regard.