• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.181-188
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• 2022

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of the metabolic energy levels of Korean native chicken breeder diets on laying performance, egg quality, fertility and hatchability. On the basis of dietary metabolic energy values (2,800, 2,700, and 2,650 kcal/kg), 168 twenty-week-old 'Woorimatdag' breeders (maternal line) were divided into three treatment groups (four replications per treatment with each replicate containing 14 birds) and reared until 32 weeks of age. We found that the body weight of hens increased with age, although there were no significant differences among treatments with respect to body weight or egg weight. Egg production ratio at 20-24 and 24-28 weeks of age tended to be low in birds fed the 2,700 and 2,650 kcal/kg diets, although the differences among treatments were none significant. Feed intakes was significantly decreased as the metabolic energy level reduced (P<0.05). There were no significant differences among treatments with respect to feed conversion ratio or the strength and thickness of eggshell. Similarly, we detected no significant differences among the three metabolic energy levels with regards to fertility, hatchability, or chick weight. In conclusion, our findings indicate that during the initial phase of laying, the metabolic energy level of 'Woorimatdag' breeder diets could be lowered to 2,700 kcal/kg without significantly influencing the laying performance of breeders or egg quality, fertility and hatchability, and chick weight.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.237-244
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary Animunin Powder$^{?}$ on the egg quality characteristics, blood components and nutrient digestibility in laying hens. A total of two hundred seventy laying hens were randomly allocated into three treaments with fifteen replications for eight weeks. Dietary treaments included 1) Control (CON), 2) Control + $0.1\%$ Animunin Powder$^{?}$ (AM1), 3) Control + $0.2\%$ Animunin Powder$^{?}$ (AM2). During the period of 0~4weeks, the birds fed the AM1 diet had an improved egg production compared to the birds fed the CON (P<0.05). During the period of 4~8weeks the birds fed AM1 diet showed a statistically improved egg production compared to the CON (P<0.05). However, no significant differences were founded in the egg weight. During the period of $4\~8$ weeks the hens fed the AM2 diet had improved egg yolk color compared to the hens fed CON and AM1 diets (P<0.05). In the Haugh unit for the period of $0~4$$weeks, the AM2 treatment showed significantly improved results compared to the CON (P<0.05). Average egg shell breaking showed no significant differences through the experiment period, but in the period of $4\~8$weeks the AM2 treatment tended to be improved compared to the CON and AM1 treatment (P<0.05). There was no significant differences in egg shell thickness. In the serum cholesterol, the AM1 and AM2 treatments were significantly lower than the CON (P<0.05). The concentration of RBC and WBC in the AM treatments tended to increase but there were no significant differences. For the differences of lymphocytes between the end and initiation of the experiment, the hens fed the AM1 treatment were significantly different compared to the hens fed the CON and AM2 treatment (P<0.05). During the period of the experiment, the hens fed the AM1 diet were tended to show higher DM digestibility than the hens fed the CON and AM2 diet, but it was not statistically different. In conclusion, dieatry fed of Animunin Powder$^{?}$ could improve egg production, egg yolk color, and haugh unit.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.119-124
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• 2018

This study was conducted to assess the effect of dietary addition of Germanium (Ge) on performance, egg quality, serum biochemical properties and yolk fatty acid composition in laying hens. At 74 weeks of age, a total of 360 Hy-line brown commercial layers were divided into four treatments with five replicates per treatment. Four dietary levels of Ge (0, 1, 2 and 4%) were added to the basal diets (ME: 2,750 kcal/kg, CP: 16%) and fed corresponding diet for a period of 12 weeks. The effects of these treatments on production performance and egg quality were measured three times at four week intervals, and at the end of the experiment, blood and egg yolk fatty acid were analyzed. The results showed that production performance parameters including egg production rate, feed intake, egg weight, egg mass and feed conversion ratio were non-significant, but dietary addition of 2% Ge tended to increase egg production rate. Eggshell strength was found to be significantly higher in Ge supplemented groups than in the control group (P<0.05), and eggshell thickness was also trended to be improved in Ge treated groups. In serum, triglyceride content was significantly greater (P<0.05), and the highest total cholesterol was found in hens of the control group as compared with that of the Ge supplemented groups. The yolk fatty acid composition including polyunsaturated fatty acid, unsaturated fatty acid and saturated fatty acid were not affected among the treatments but addition of 2 or 4% Ge in basal diet had significantly (P<0.05) increased monounsaturated fatty acid. Therefore, supplementation of Ge in laying hens diet has positive effects on egg quality and triglyceride in serum.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.83-91
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• 2011

Purpose: Microfracture has been used as a first-line treatment to repair articular cartilage defects. In this study, a new technique using an extracelluar matrix biomembrane to cover the cartilage lesions after microfracture was evaluated in terms of cartilage repairability and clinical outcome compared with conventional microfracture technique in a prospective randomized trial. Materials and Methods: A total of 53 patients (59 cases) without osteoarthritis who had focal full thickness articular cartilage lesions were randomly assigned in two group. Seventeen patients (17 cases) underwent conventional microfracture procedure (control group) and thirty-six patients (42 cases) received microfracture and placing biomembrane cover (ArtiFilm$^{TM}$) concomitantly (experimental group). Clinical assessment was done through 6 months postoperatively using the subjective International Knee Documentation Committee IKDC questionnaire, and visual analog scale (VAS) for pain and satisfaction. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed at 6 months after the operation in all patients. Results: In clinical outcomes, the significant difference was observed between both groups in IKDC, but not in VAS for pain and for satisfaction (final outcomes of IKDC, p=0.001; VAS for pain, p=0.074; VAS for satisfaction, p=0.194). The MRI showed good to complete defect fill (67 to 100%) in 33 patients (78.6%) of experimental group and 4 patients (23.5%) of control group, respectively. In control group, 9 of 17 patients (52.9%) showed poor defect fill (less than 33%), whereas 5 (11.9%) in experimental group (p=0.001). Assessment of peripheral integration revealed no gap formation in 35 patients (83.3%) in experimental group and 6 patients (35.3%) in control group (p=0.001). No serious complications or adverse effects related to the biomembrane were found. Conclusion: Good short-term follow-up clinical results were obtained in the group whose cartilage defects in the knee joint were covered with biomembrane after the microfracture, with the MRI findings confirming the excellent regeneration of the defective cartilage area. This suggests that the surgery to cover the defective area with biomembrane (ArtiFilm$^{TM}$) after the microfracture procedure is a safe, more effective treatment to induce cartilage regeneration.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.28 no.5 s.70
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• pp.825-838
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the differences of soft tissue profile changes between the growing patients and the adult who had passed the growth peak, in orthodontic treatment with four premolar extractions. The results which was taken by correlating the soft tissue changes with hard tissue changes, lip thickness, molar relationship and arch length discrepancy in both groups was like the followings. 1. Significant hard tissue changes were decrease of VIs, VIi, UlPP, LlMP, HIi and increase of HPog'in adults and decrease of VIs, VIi and increase of VA, VPog'and all the vertical measurements in adolescents. 2. Significant soft tissue changes were decrease of VLs, VLi, and VILS in adults and increase of VSn, VSLS, VLs, VPog' and almost all vertical measurements in adolescents, and ${\Delta}LsE,\;{\Denta}LiE$ in adults and ${\Delta}LsE,\;{\Denta}LiE,\;{\Delta}LiSP\;and\;{\Delta}Mang$ was also significant 3. Correlation coefficient between ${\Delta}VIs\;and\;{\Delta}VLs$ was the greatest in adults and the next was ${\Delta}Ii/{\Delta}Li,\;{\Delta}Ii/{\Delta}ILS,\;{\Delta}ID/{\Delta}Li\;and\;{\Delta}ID/{\Delta}ILS$. In contrast all the vertical and horizontal measurements of hard and soft tissue in adolescents showed statistically significant corerrlation. 4. There were differences in correlation between soft tissue changes and incisor inclination and retraction at both groups, but the lower lip, nasolabial angle and mentolabial angle were commonly less influenced by the hard tissue changes in both groups. 5. The thinner the upper lip was, the more the ${\Delta}LsSP$ was in both groups, and the thinner the lower lip was, the more the ${\Delta}LiE\;and\;{\Denta}LiSP$ was in adolescents. 6. Molar relationship didn't influence the soft tissue profile changes. 7. Arch length discrepancy didn't influence the soft tissue profile changes.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.221-239
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• 2010

Bone loss may occur depending on the loading conditions. careful treatment planning and prosthetic procedures are very important factors for the proper distribution of stress. Evaluate the stress distributions according to numbers and location of implants in three-unit fixed partial dentures. A mandible missing the right second premolar, first molar and second molar was modeled. Using the CT data. we modeled a mandible with a width of 15mm, a height of 20mm and a length of 30mm, 2mm-thickness cortical bone covering cancellous bone mallow. An internal type implant and A solid type abutment was used. A model with 3 implants placed in a straight line, offset 1.5 mm buccally, offset 1.5 mm lingually and another model with 3 implants offset in the opposite way were prepared. And models with 2 implants were both end support models, a mesial cantilever model and a distal cantilever model. Three types of loading was applied; a case where 155 N was applied solely on the second premolar, a case where 206 N was applied solely on the second molar and a case where 155 N was applied on the first premolar and 206 N was applied on the first and second molar. For all the cases, inclined loads of 30 degrees were applied on the buccal cusps and vertical loads were applied on the central fossas of the teeth. Finite element analysis was carried out for each case to find out the stress distribution on bones and implants. This study has shown that prostheses with more implants caused lower stress on bones and implants, no matter what kind of load was applied. Furthermore, it was found out that inclined loads applied on implants had worse effects than vertical loads. Therefore, it is believed that these results should be considered when placing implants in the future.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.187-201
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• 2007

The first magnetotelluric (MT) transect across the Korean Peninsula was obtained traversing from the East Sea shoreline to the Yellow Sea shoreline. The MT survey profile was designed perpendicular to the strike of the principal geologic structure of the Korean Peninsula $(N30^{\circ}E)$, so-called 'China direction'. MT data were achieved at 50 sites with spacings of $3{\sim}8km$ along the 240 km survey line. The impedance responses are divided into four subsets reflecting typical geological units: the Kyonggi Massif, the Okchon Belt, the western part of the Kyongsang Basin, and the eastern part of the Kyongsang Basin. In the western part of the Kyongsang Basin, the thickness of the sedimentary layer is estimated to be about 3 km to 8 km and its resistivity is a few hundred ohm-m. A highly conductive layer with a resistivity of 1 to 30 ohm-m was detected beneath the sedimentary layer. The MT data at the Okchon Belt show peculiar responses with phase exceeding $90^{\circ}$. This feature may be explained by an electrically anisotropic structure which is composed of a narrow anisotropic block and an anisotropic layer. The Kyonggi Massif and the eastern part of Kyongsang Basin play a role of window to the deep geoelectrical structure because of the very high resistivity of upper crust. The second layers with highest resistivities in 1-D conductivity models occupy the upper crust with thicknesses of 13 km in the Kyonggi Massif and 18 km in the eastern Kyongsang Basin, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.702-708
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• 2015

The aim of this study was to investigate the physicochemical characteristics of commercial Mukeunji product along with its sensory properties. Six different types of commercial Mukeunji products were purchased through an on-line market, and each product had a different fermentation period. General commercial Baechu Kimchi was compared with commercial Mukeunji products in order to standardize quality properties of Mukeunji. As a result, commercial Mukeunji showed a lower pH value (pH 3.96, mean value) than commercial Baechu Kimchi (pH 5.92), whereas commercial Mukeunji samples showed higher acidity and salinity. Color values (L, a, and b) of commercial Mukeunji decreased as the storage period increased. Hardness and thickness of commercial Mukeunji showed a lower range compared to Baechu Kimchi. The reducing sugar content decreased as the storage period of commercial Mukeunji increased. Acetic, lactic, and succinic acids were detected in commercial Mukeunji samples, whereas citric acid and malic acid were additionally detected in Baechu Kimchi. Commercial Mukeunji samples showed lower contents of acetic and succinic acid and higher content of lactic acid than Baechu Kimchi. Commercial Mukeunji samples showed a significant difference in all descriptive sensory attributes except for bitterness. Overall intensity, sourness, moldy odor, redness, sour smell, saltiness, and carbonated taste increased as the storage period increased, whereas cabbage flavor, crispiness, sweetness, firmness, and savory taste decreased as the storage period increased.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.267-274
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of feeding with dietary silicate based complex mineral (SCM) on the performance of laying hens. SCM at five levels (0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6% and 0.8%) was added to commercial diets, and fed to four hundred fifty Hy-Line Brown from fifty four to sixty five weeks of age. Egg production increased as the addition of dietary SCM to basal diets increased up to 0.6% (P<0.05). Furthermore, Feed intake increased in a manner similar to that of egg production (P<0.05). However, there was no difference in feed efficiency among the treatments. Eggshell thickness and breaking strength were significantly higher for the chickens fed with SCM than control from sixty weeks old to the end of experiment (P<0.05). Similarly, albumen height and Haugh unit were significantly higher for the chickens fed with SCM compared to those of control group (P<0.05). AST of birds fed SCM showed significantly higher than control (P<0.05). However, blood neutral fat level tended to increase in SCM treatments. Moreover, bone mineral density increased with SCM addition up to 0.4% (P<0.05). IL-2 (Interleukin-2) and IL-6 (Interleukin-6) levels appeared to be improved in the chickens fed with SCM addition diets, although not statistically different from all treatments. The results of this study indicated that the optimum SCM for improving the performance, egg quality and immunological competence of laying hens from 54 to 65 weeks of age was 0.6%.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.493-502
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• 2006

The slaughter weight (wt) is a most important economic factor in swine roduction. The present study was undertaken to determine if it is feasible to increase the slaughter wt of finishing pigs to 130kg without significantly affecting the growth efficiency and carcass quality. One hundred and sixty gilts and 160 barrows born from lean-type Yorkshire×Landrace (YL)-dam and Duroc (D)-sire lines, which are most widely used for terminal breeding for pork production in Gyeongsangnam-do, were randomly allocated into 16 pens under a 2 (sex)×2 (slaughter wt; 110 vs. 130kg) factorial arrangement of treatments. The animals were fed ad libitum a diet containing 3,200kcal DE/kg and 15.5% crude protein. After slaughter at the predetermined wt, yields of trimmed primal cuts and physicochemical characteristics of the longissimus dorsi muscle (LD) were measured or analyzed. Average daily gain was greater (P<0.01) in barrows than in gilts (0.86 vs. 0.79kg), but it was not different between the 110- and 130-kg slaughter wt groups (P>0.05). Backfat thickness was greater in the 130- vs. 110-kg group in both sexes (gilts: 21.6 vs. 17.6 mm, barrows: 25.1 vs. 20.8 mm). The yield percentage of belly was greater in barrows than in gilts (21.2 vs. 20.5%) and also in the 130-kg vs. 110-kg group (21.4 vs. 20.2%). Major physicochemical characteristics of LD including the color, percentage of 48-h drip loss, 24-h pH and percentages of crude protein and fat were not influenced by slaughter wt. Marginal profit of the 130-kg vs. 110-kg market pig was approximately 󰠏20,000 won/head, which resulted primarily from the heavy carcass weight of the former exceeding the upper limit of the A- or B-grade. However, if it had not been for the carcass weight limit of the current grading system, a 130-kg market pig would have had a potential marginal profit greater than 20,000 won. Results suggest that slaughter wt of lean-line finishing pigs can be increased to 130kg without significantly compromising the growth efficiency and carcass quality and accordingly, the upper weight limit of the ‘good-grade’ carcass needs to be increased or abolished to accommodate the larger market pigs.