• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 1997년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.973-976
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• 1997

Process behavior in metal cutting results from the chip formation process which is not easily observable and measurable during machining. By means of the finite element method chip formation in orthogonal metal cutting is modeled. The reciprocal interaction between mechanical and thermal loads is taken into consideration by involving the thermo-viscoplastic flow behavior of workpiece material. Local and temporal distributions of stress and temperature in the cutting zone are calculated depending on the cutting parameters. The calculated cutting forces and temperatures are compared with the experimental results obtarned from orthogonal cutting of steel AISl 4140. The model can be applied in process design for selection of appropriate tool-workpiece combination and optimum cutting conditions in term of mechanical and thermal loads.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 온도 사이클이 진행되는 동안 비선형 거동과 크립 거동을 보이는 FC-PBGA 패키지 솔더볼의 변형거동을 알아보기 위하여 시간에 종속하는 거동을 적용 시킬 수 있는 점소성 모델과 크립 모델에 대하여 유한요소해석을 수행하였다. 유한요소해석 결과의 신뢰성을 평가하기 위하여 무아레 간섭계를 이용하여 온도변화에 따른 열변형 실험을 수행하였다. 전체적인 굽힘변위는 Anand 모델과 변형률 분리 모델 모두 실험결과와 잘 일치하였으나 솔더볼의 변형률은 Anand 모델의 경우 큰 차이를 보이고 변형률 분리 모델의 경우 상당히 일치하는 계산결과를 얻었다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 변형률 분리 모델을 이용하여 시간에 종속하는 FC-PBGA 패키지 솔더볼의 크립 거동을 검토하였다. 솔더를 포함한 패키지에 온도변화가 생길 때 고온에서는 시간이 지남에 따라 크립 거동에 의해 솔더의 응력이 점차 완화되는 현상을 나타내고 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.1877-1889
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• 1992

본 연구에서는 업셋팅의 변형해석 및 온도해석(열전달 해석)을 비연계 방식으 로 동시에 해석하고 실제 공정에 가깝게 접근하는 축대칭 열점소성 유한요소 프로그램 을 이용하여, 시뮬레이션에 의해 공정을 해석하여 불량감소 및 원가절감을 위해 단조 공정을 개선하는 것이다. 업셋팅공정의 연구에 있어서는 대형강괴의 주 불량요인인 기공의 소멸을 위한 공정방안을 연구하는데 있다.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.126-133
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• 2002

The cutting thickness of ultra-precision machining is generally very small, only a few micrometer or even down to the order of a few nanometer. In such case, a basic understanding of the mechanism on the micro-machining process is is necessary to produce a high quality surface. When machining at very small depths of cut, metal flow near a rounded tool edge become important. In this paper a finite element analysis is presented to calculate the stagnation point on the tool edge or critical depth of cut below which no cutting occurs. From the simulation, the effects of the cutting speed on the critical depths of cut were calculated and discussed. Also the transition of the stagnation point according to the increase of the depths of cut was observed.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.2970-2981
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• 1993

In hot closed-die forging the load increases rapidly near the final stage. Preforming operation is important to both the sound final forging and die-service life. In this study, the material flows during preforming and final forging are investigated. The physical modeling with Plasticine as a model material showed clear flow patterns. The forging process were numerically simulated by the finite element method with the isothermal and the non-isothermal models. The flow patten of the isothermal simulation showed good agreements with the experiments. Temperature changes and pressure distributions on the die surfaces during one cycle of the forging process were obtained from the non-isothermal simulation. High pressure and temperature were developed at certain areas of the die surfaces. It was concluded that those areas usually coincide with each other and should be distributed by the preforming operations to enhance the die life.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.135-140
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• 2004

마모구조는 대략적으로 기계, 화학 및 열적 마모 등으로 구분되어 진다. 평면변형 유한요소법이 지속적인 칩 형성을 갖는 대각선 가공을 시뮬레이션 하기 위하여 새로운 재료의 응력 및 온도 필드와 같이 사용되었다. 작업소재의 변형은 등방성 변형 경화를 갖는 탄성-점소으으로 취급되며, 수치해석의 해는 소성 변형과 온도 필드의 결합을 설명하며, 온도 종속적인 재료 물성치로 취급된다. 이 논문에서 개발된 모델에서는 전단영역 주위의 변형률, 응력 및 온도 분포에 대한 구성모델의 불확실성의 영향들을 보여주며 예측된 전단영역의 응력, 변형률 및 온도의 평균값들은 기존의 실험 치와 비교해서 잘 맞는 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제24권11호
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• pp.2836-2844
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• 2000

Thickness control of hot-rolled strips has become an important issue in recent years because of the need for improving the quality of the hot-rolled strip. In this study, a modifying method of rolling force set-up with consideration of spread was developed to improve the thickness uniformity at the finishing rolling units in hot rolling. Through the analysis of real production data it was found that the accuracy of the rolling force determined from the finishing mill set-up (FSU) model dominantly governed the thickness uniformity in rolled plates at the front. Based on this analysis , several examples were selected to calculate the spread of rolled plate using three dimensional rigid thermo-viscoplastic finite element program. FE analysis results were used to train the neural network system that can predict the spread hot-rolled plate and the rolling force was modified based on the predicted value of spread. The modified rolling forces were closer to the measured rolling force so it can be expected that the accuracy of thickness uniformity of hot-rolled plate will be improved.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 1995년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.16-29
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• 1995

A full three-dimensional thermo-coupled rigid-viscoplastic finite element method and the currently developed microstructural evolution system which includes semi-empirical mathematical equations suggested by different research groups were used together to form an integrated system of process and microstructure simulation of hot rolling. The distribution and time history of thermomechanical variables such as temperature, strain, strain rate, and time during pass and between passes were obtained FEM analysis of multipass hot rolling processes. Then distribution of metallurgical variables were calculated successfully on the basis of instantaneous thermomechanical data. For the verification of this method the evolution of microstructure in plate rolling and shape rolling was simulated and their results were compared with the data available in literature. Consequently, this approach makes it passible to describe the realistic evolution of microstructure by avoiding the use of erroneous average value and can be used in CAE of multipass hot rolling.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제29권8호
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• pp.938-945
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• 2005

The microstructure evolution in hot forging process is composed of dynamic recrystallization during deformation as well as grain growth during dwell time. Therefore, the control of forging parameters such as strain, strain rate. temperature and holding time is important because the microstructure change in hot working affects the mechanical properties. Modeling equations are developed to represent the flow curve. grain size. recrystallized volume fraction and grain growth phenomena by various tests. The developed modeling equations were combined with thermo-viscoplastic finite element modeling to predict the microstructure change evolution during hot forging process. The large exhaust valve spindle (head diameter of 512mm) was simulated by closed die forging with hydraulic press and cooled in air after forging. The preform was heated to each 1080 and 1150$^{\circ}C$. Numerical calculation was performed by DEFORM-2D. a commercial finite element code. Heat transfer can be coupled with the deformation analysis in a non-isothermal deformation analysis. In order to obtain the fine and homogeneous microstructure and good mechanical properties in forging. the FEM would become a useful tool in the simulation of the microstructure development. In forging, appropriate temperature, strain and strain rate and rapid cooling are required to obtain the fine grain microstructure The optimal forging temperature and effective strain range of Nimonic 80A for large exhaust valve spindle are about 1080$\∼$l120$^{\circ}C$ and 150$\∼$200$\%$.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.17-28
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• 2012

WB-PBGA 패키지를 구성하는 솔더볼 재료나 수지 복합재의 열-기계적 물성치는 온도에 대단히 큰 영향을 받을 뿐 아니라, 온도가 유지되는 시간에도 큰 영향을 받는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 논문에서는 무연 솔더 WB-PBGA 패키지의 변형 거동을 신뢰성 있게 해석하기 위하여 재료의 비선형성을 고려한 유한요소 해석을 수행하고 무아레 간섭계 실험결과와 비교하였다. 먼저 수지 복합재의 점탄성 거동을 파악하기 위해 수지 접합재와 패키지 기판으로 구성된 이종접합체를 대상으로 하여 수지 복합재의 온도와 시간에 종속적인 점탄성 거동에 대해 유한요소 해석을 수행하고 결과를 분석하였다. 무연 솔더가 실장된 WB-PBGA의 열-기계적 거동을 파악하기 위하여 솔더는 점소성 물성치를, 수지 복합재는 점탄성 물성치를 적용하여 온도 변화에 따르는 유한요소 변형해석을 수행하여 실험결과와 비교하였다. 결과적으로 패키지의 변형은 수지 복합재의 재료 모델에 따라 대단히 크게 달라지며, 수지 복합재는 온도와 시간에 영향을 받는 점탄성 물성으로 해석해야 함을 알 수 있었다. 본 논문에서와 같은 SAC 계열 무연 솔더 WB-PBGA 패키지의 경우 유리전이 온도가 $135^{\circ}C$ 정도로 비교적 높은 B-type 수지 복합재의 점탄성 물성치를 적용했을 때 상대적으로 신뢰성 있는 해석 결과를 얻을 수 있는 것으로 밝혀졌다.