• Carbon letters
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.44-54
• /
• 2001

The characteristics of adsorption and desorption of benzene and toluene were investigated at a fixed bed packed with the activated carbon and activated carbon fiber. Through breakthrough experiments under various feed concentration conditions, it was found that the slope of mass transfer zone and the tailing in the breakthrough curves were different from the feed conditions due to different heats of adsorption. In hot nitrogen desorption, the regeneration time and mass transfer zone of the toluene desorption curve were longer than those of the benzene desorption curve because of the difference in adsorption affinity. With an increase in the regeneration temperature, the height of roll-up and the sharpness of desorption curves increased but the regeneration times decreased. The adsorption capacities of the activated carbon and activated carbon fiber after three-time thermal regenerations decreased about 25% and 37% for benzene and 18% and 25% for toluene, respectively. To investigate the effect of the regeneration temperature on the energetic efficiency, the characteristic desorption temperatures of toluene and benzene were investigated by calculating purge gas consumption and temperature.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.20 no.9
• /
• pp.1061-1066
• /
• 1999

The adsorption of CO on W(111) surface in the range of adsorption temperature between 300 K and 1000 K has been studied using AES, LEED, and TDS in an UHV system. After CO saturation at 300 K, four desorption peaks are observed at temperatures (K) of about 400, 850, 1000, and 1100 in thermal desorption spectra, called as α, β1, β2, and β3 state, respectively. The state was attributed to molecular species of CO, which is well known. Because the CO in βstates (especially the β3 state) is still debated as to whether it is dissociative or non-dissociative, the β3 state is mainly discussed. By using the variation method of heating rate in the thermal desorption spectrometry, the desorption energy and pre-exponential factor for the β3 state are evaluated to be 280 kJ/mol and 1.5×10 12 s-1 , respectively. A lateral interaction energy of 5.7 kJ/mol can also be estimated by Bragg-Williams approximation. To interpret the thermal desorption spectra for the β3 state, moreover, those for the model of a first order and a second order desorption are simulated using quasi-chemical approximation. In this study, a model of lying-down CO species is proposed for the β3 state of CO adsorption.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.121-138
• /
• 1999

This study was carried out to evaluate the performance of a sampling and analytical methodology for the measurement of selected volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the ambient air. VOCs were determined by the adsorbent tube sampling and automatic thermal desorption coupled with GC/FID and GC/MSD analysis. Target analytes were aromatic VOCs, including BTEX, 1,3,5-and 1,2,4,-trimethylbenzenes(TMBs), and naphthalene. The methodology was investigatedwith a wide range of performance criteria such as repeatability, linearity, lower detection limits, collection efficiency, thermal conditioning, breakthrough volume and calibration methods using internal and external standards. standards. Stability of samples collected on adsorbent tubes during storage was also investigated. In addition, the sampling and analytical method developed during this study was applied to real samples duplicately collected in various indoor and outdoor environments. Precisions for the duplicate samples and distributed volume samples appeared to be well comparable with the performance criteria recommended by USEPA TO-17. The audit accuracy was estimated by inter-lab comparison of both duplicate samples and standard materials between the two independent labs. The overall precision and accuracy of the method were estimated to be within 30% for major aromatic VOCs such as BTEX. This study demonstrated that the adsorbent sampling and thermal desorption method can be reliably applied for the measurement of BTEX in ppb levels frequently occurred in common indoor and ambient environments.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2008.10a
• /
• pp.384-387
• /
• 2008

We have studied the adsorption of contaminations on the MgO protective layer by Thermal Desorption Spectrometry (TDS). The result shows that the increase in exposure time, MgO thickness and humidity multiply the quantity of adsorbed contaminations. It is also found that the desorption activation energy and contamination quantity is decreased by the additional firing process of MgO layer under oxygen environment.

• Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.177-184
• /
• 2002

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.308-317
• /
• 2015

To investigate the effect of microstructure on the formation of the desorption peak, the volumetric thermal analysis technique (VTA) was applied to the Mg-13.5 wt% Ni hydride system. The sample made by the HCS (hydriding combustion synthesis) process had two kinds of Mg microstructures. Linear heating was started with various constant heating rates. Only one peak was appeared in the case of the small initial hydrogen wt% (0.83 wt%). Yet, two peaks were appeared with increasing initial hydrogen wt% (1.85 and 3.73 wt%) when only Mg was hydrogenated. The first peak was formed through the evolution of hydrogen from $MgH_2$, made by eutectic Mg. The second peak was formed through the evolution of hydrogen from $MgH_2$, made by primary Mg. Therefore, this result shows that the microstructure also has a considerable effect on forming the desorption peak. We have also derived the hydrogen desorption equations by VTA to get apparent activation energy when the rate-controlling step for the desorption of the hydrided system is the diffusion of hydrogen through the ${\alpha}$ phase and the chemical reaction ${\beta}{\rightarrow}{\alpha}$.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.14-20
• /
• 2016

Remediation of crude oil contaminated soil is complicate and hard to apply traditional methods because of its persistency, durability, and high viscosity. Therefore, in this study, the efficiency of crude oil contaminated soil remediation was tested by developing a pilot-scale thermal desorption system using the indirect heating method with an exhaust gas treatment. Under optimal condition drawed by temperature and retention time, the remedial efficiency of crude oil contaminated soil and treatability of exhaust gas were analyzed. Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) concentration of crude oil contaminated soil was decreased to 69.7 mg/kg on average and the remedial efficiency was measured at 99.60%. Through the exhaust gas, 86.0% of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) was degraded and 97.16% of complex malodor was reduced under the suggested optimum operation condition. This study provides important basic data to be useful in scaling up of the indirect thermal desorption system for the remediation of crude oil contaminated soil.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.265-275
• /
• 2000

By using thermal desorption/gas chromatograph/flame ionization detector(TD/GC/FID), this study was carried out to evalute an accuracy and a precision on Benzene(B), Toluene(T), o-Xylene(X) analysis in an industrial hygiene laboratory. Limits of detection of TD/GC/FID on B, T, X were showed 13.75ng/sample or less. For the accuracy of the method by concentration levels, overall bias was showed 7.7% as an absolute value, and the pooled coefficient of variation showed 3.51%. For the precision on repeatability of peak area and retention time between within-run and between-run of analytical system, it is showed the results of within-run gave better than those of between-run. Also the accuracy by sorbents(Tenax TA and Chromosorb 106)was evaluated, and the precision on reproducibility between MDHS72 and this study was compared. It is showed it is possible for TD/GC/FID to evaluate accurately B, T, X concentration levels of less than 1ppm at indoor or outdoor of workplaces in Korea.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.27-30
• /
• 2002

A thermal desorption-gas chromatography/mass spectrometric method was developed for the determination of methyl bromide in fumes formed during preservation of cultural materials from insects. Methyl bromide in lunes was collected by drawing 10ι of air through the adsorbent tube filled with a solid adsorbent (Chromosorb). The air samples were analyzed by using a special thermal desorption device and GC/MS determination. The recovery of methyl bromide by air sampling was 88% and the detection limit of the assay was 0.1 pptv based upon assayed air of 10ι. The method was applied to the determination of fumed methyl bromide used for the preservation of papers in a library. The mean concentration of methyl bromide determined in a library was 280.2 $\pm$ 25.4 pptv.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.362-377
• /
• 2014

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been of particular concern since they are present both in the vapor and particulate phases in ambient air. In this study, a simple method was applied to determine the vapor phase PAHs, and the performance of the new method was evaluated with a conventional method. The simple method was based on adsorption sampling and thermal desorption with GC/MS analysis, which is generally applied to the determination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the air. A combination of Carbotrap (300 mg) and Carbotrap-C (100 mg) sorbents was used as the adsorbent. Target compounds included two rings PAHs such as naphthalene, acenaphthylene, and acenaphthene. Among them, naphthalene was listed as one of the main HAPs together with a number of VOCs in petroleum refining industries in the USA. For comparison purposes, a method based on adsorption sampling and solvent extraction with GC/MS analysis was adopted, which is in principle same as the NIOSH 5515 method. The performance of the adsorption sampling and thermal desorption method was evaluated with respect to repeatabilities, detection limits, linearities, and storage stabilities for target compounds. The analytical repeatabilities of standard samples are all within 20%. Lower detection limits was estimated to be less than 0.1 ppbv. In the results from comparison studies between two methods for real air samples. Although the correlation coefficients were more than 0.9, a systematic difference between the two groups was revealed by the paired t-test (${\alpha}$=0.05). Concentrations of two-rings PAHs determined by adsorption and thermal desorption method consistently higher than those by solvent extraction method. The difference was caused by not only the poor sampling efficiencies of XAD-2 for target PAHs and but also sample losses during the solvent extraction and concentration procedure. This implies that the levels of lower molecular PAHs tend to be underestimated when determined by a conventional PAH method utilizing XAD-2 (and/or PUF) sampling and solvent extraction method. The adsorption sampling and thermal desorption with GC analysis is very simple, rapid, and reliable for lower-molecular weight PAHs. In addition, the method can be used for the measurement of VOCs in the air simultaneously. Therefore, we recommend that the determination of naphthalene, the most volatile PAH, will be better when it is measured by a VOC method instead of a conventional PAH method from a viewpoint of accuracy.