• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 2009

Water condensate accumulated on the surface of a fin-and-tube heat exchanger significantly affects its thermal and hydraulic performances. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of condensate retention on the air-side heat transfer performance and flow friction for various flow and geometric conditions. Total of twelve samples of slit and plate fin-and-tube heat exchangers are tested under dry and wet conditions. The thermal fluid measurements are made using a psychrometric calorimeter. Frontal air velocity varies in the range from 0.7 m/s to 1.5 m/s. Using the experimental data, presented are heat transfer coefficients in terms of Colburn j-factors and friction factors, and these data are compared with the existing correlations.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.126-129
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• 2002

To extract exact screening conditions of TO-CAN laser diode, junction temperature during screening was investigated. Temperature increase due to thermal resistance was measured and compared with theoretical calculation. Injection current dependence of injection temperature was derived with good agreement with experimental data and used to obtain accurate screening conditions.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.208-217
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• 2000

Turbulence in journal bearing operation is examined and the thermal variability is studied for isothermal, convective and adiabatic conditions on the walls within some degree of journal misalignment. An efficient algorithm for the solution of the coupled turbulent Reynolds and energy equations is used to examine the effects of the various factors. The calculation data of turbulent analysis are compared with those of laminar analysis. Heat convection is found to play but a small role in determining friction and load. The friction distribution patterns through the journal bearing are now different with high values at the upstream region of the bearing due to the high speed and low temperature, and a sudden decrease past the pressure maximum.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.195-200
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• 2019

Whisker-type magnesium hydroxide sulfate hydrate ($5Mg(OH)_2{\cdot}MgSO_4{\cdot}3H_2O$, abbreviated 513 MHSH), is used in filler and flame-retardant composites based on its hydrate phase and its ability to undergo endothermic dehydration in fire conditions, respectively. In general, the length of whiskers is determined according to various synthetic conditions in a hydrothermal reaction with high temperature (${\sim}180^{\circ}C$). In this work, high-quality 513 MHSH whiskers are synthesized by controlling the concentration of the raw material in ambient conditions without high pressure. Particularly, the concentration of the starting material is closely related to the length, width, and purity of MHSH. In addition, a ceramic-coating system is adopted to enhance the mechanical properties and thermal stability of the MHSH whiskers. The physical properties of the silica-coated MHSH are characterized by an abrasion test, thermogravimetric analysis, and transmission electron microscopy.

• Advances in materials Research
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.117-135
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• 2019

The lifetime of a gas turbine combustor is typically limited by the durability of its liner, the structure that encloses the high-temperature combustion products. The primary objective of the combustor thermal design process is to ensure that the liner temperatures do not exceed a maximum value set by material limits. Liner temperatures exceeding these limits hasten the onset of cracking which increase the frequency of unscheduled engine removals and cause the maintenance and repair costs of the engine to increase. Hot gas temperature prediction can be considered a preliminary step for combustor liner temperature prediction which can make a suitable view of combustion chamber conditions. In this study, the temperature distribution of ceramic panels for a V94.2 gas turbine combustor subjected to realistic operation conditions is presented using three-dimensional finite difference method. A simplified model of alumina ceramic is used to obtain the temperature distribution. The external thermal loads consist of convection and radiation heat transfers are considered that these loads are applied to flat segmented panel on hot side and forced convection cooling on the other side. First the temperatures of hot and cold sides of ceramic are calculated. Then, the thermal boundary conditions of all other ceramic sides are estimated by the field observations. Finally, the temperature distributions of ceramic panels for a V94.2 gas turbine combustor are computed by MATLAB software. The results show that the gas emissivity for diffusion mode is more than premix therefore the radiation heat flux and temperature will be more. The results of this work are validated by ANSYS and ABAQUS softwares. It is showed that there is a good agreement between all results.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.1-6
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• 2019

The objective of this study was to investigate performance characteristics of thermal management system(TMS) in a fuel cell electric vehicle with 100kW Fuel Cell(FC) system. In order to build up analytic modelling for TMS, each component was installed and tested under various operating conditions, such as water pump, radiator, 3-Way valve, COD heater, and FC stack etc. and as the results of them, correlations reflecting component's characteristics with flow rate, air velocity were developed. Developed analytic modelling was carried out under various operating conditions on the road. To verify modelling's accuracy, after prediction for optimum coolant flow rate was fulfilled under certain operating conditions, such as FC system, water pump speed, opening of 3-way valve, and pipe resistance, analytic and experimental values were compared and good agreement was shown. In order to predict cold-start operating performance for analytic modelling, coolant temperature variation was analyzed with $-20^{\circ}C$ ambient temperature and duration was predicted to rise in optimum temperature for FC. Because there is appropriate temperature difference between inlet and outlet of FC stack to operate FC system properly, related analysis was performed with respect to power consumption for TMS and heat rejection rate and performance map was depicted along with FC operating conditions.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.29-37
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• 2008

The objective of this research is to evaluate the optimum treatment methods for disposal sludge cake at different temperatures and periods of time. The disposal dehydrated sewage cake used in this study was obtained from N wastewater treatment plant in the P City. This system consists of continuous conveyer thermal dryer and pyrolysis. The continual conveyer thermal dryer was operated to evaluate the optimum conditions with temperature settings, ranges from 130 to $180^{\circ}C$, loading rates of 650~750 kg/hr and operating times of 110~120 minutes. The continual pyrolysis was also operated to evaluate the optimum conditions with temperature settings, ranges from 650 to $750^{\circ}C$, loading rates of 100~158 kg/hr and operating times of 20~40 minutes. The sewage sludge cake has a moisture content of 78~80% (wt) which decreased up to 1~3%(wt) resulted in breaking of cell wall after operating the continuous conveyer thermal dryer and pyrolysis. Important parameters which were operating times, moisture contents, loading rates, conveyer velocities and rotary velocities effects on the thermal kinetics and dynamics were investigated to evaluate the optimum conditions for the continual thermal dryer and pyrolysis.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.212-223
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• 2021

The objective of this study was to evaluate structural safety according to environmental conditions acting on the piping of offshore structure and the motion of the structure. As for conditions acting on the piping, the maximum and minimum temperature conditions were used to analyze the design conditions of N2 generator. The motion of the structure was calculated and applied according to the DNV(Det Norske Veritas) rule. Each condition was combined and a total of 26 load combinations were constructed according to thermal load, motion load, and presence or absence of pipe support. Analysis was performed using a commercial program MSC Patran/Nastran. Thermal analysis was performed by applying the steady-state method, Sol 153. Thermal-structural coupled analysis was performed using Sol 101, a linear-static method. As a result of the analysis, the stress tended to increase when temperature inside the pipe was lower in Set 1 and Set 2, when temperature was higher in Set 3, and when the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the pipe in Set 4 was increased. However, the sum of stresses in the condition with only temperature load and the condition with only the kinetic load did not show the same value as the stress in the composite load condition of two loads. That is, the influence of the motion load varied depending on the direction of motion, the arrangement of pipes, and the position of the support. Therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the size and direction of the motion load acting on the piping, the arrangement of the piping, and the location of the pipe supports during the design of piping.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.29 no.9
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• pp.482-495
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• 2017

Degree-days are practically used as a tool to estimate energy consumption for heating and cooling. Degree-days are calculated by summing differences of balance point temperature and outside temperature for the analyzed period. Determining balance point temperature is a key point in calculating accurate degree-days. However, ASHRAE standards are used for balance point temperature in Korea because balance point temperature considering climate conditions and building thermal performance is not proposed in Korea. This study proposes the process to generate balance point temperature for heating degree-days considering Korean climate and building conditions. Also, a new balance point temperature for three regions in Korea will be suggested in this study. Balance point temperature of Seoul is approximately $15.0^{\circ}C$, lower than the current standard of $18.3^{\circ}C$. Balance point temperature of Seoul considering climate conditions and building performance can be different from the ASHRAE suggested value ($18.3^{\circ}C$). Results revealed the current standard for balance point temperature should be changed considering climate and building conditions in Korea.

• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
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• v.3 no.2 s.7
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• pp.24-30
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• 2000

The structural analysis of a reactor coolant pump(RCP) of a nuclear power plant is very important for the safety assessment of the plant. Accurate boundary conditions for the heat transfer coefficient are required for reliable thermal stress analysis of the pump casing, especially in transient operations of the pump since the coolant properties are largely dependent on operational conditions. In the present study, a 3D mixed flow type coolant pump was modeled from the RCP drawings and analyzed in the steady state and number of transient flow conditions by using a commercial code STAR-CD. From the result of the computation, it is seen that the average heat transfer coefficients for the cases considered are found to be the suggested values of the manufacturer, Westinghouse Energy System. The unevenness in local heat transfer coefficients, however, is found to be considerable so that the use of average heat transfer coefficients in all boundaries might not give reliable thermal stress predictions.